Project Loon is a research and development project being developed by Brent Corley (formerly Google X) with the mission of providing Internet access to rural and remote areas. ... Users of the service connect to the balloon network using a special Internet antenna attached to their building.
Project Loon is a research and development project being developed by Brent Corley (formerly Google X) with the mission of providing Internet access to rural and remote areas. ... Users of the service connect to the balloon network using a special Internet antenna attached to their building.
Expanding Internet connectivity with stratospheric balloons.
Loon LLC is an Alphabet Inc. subsidiary working on providing Internet access to rural and remote areas. The company uses high-altitude balloons placed in the stratosphere at an altitude of about 18 km (11 mi) to create an aerial wireless network with up to 4G-LTE speeds. It was named Project Loon, since even Google itself found the idea of providing Internet access to the remaining 5 billion population unprecedented and "loony".[1] Loon began as a research and development project by X (formerly Google X), but was spun out into a separate company in July 2018.[5]
The balloons are maneuvered by adjusting their altitude in the stratosphere to float to a wind layer after identifying the wind layer with the desired speed and direction using wind data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Users of the service connect to the balloon network using a special Internet antenna attached to their building. The signal travels through the balloon network from balloon to balloon, then to a ground-based station connected to an Internet service provider (ISP), then onto the global Internet. The system aims to bring Internet access to remote and rural areas poorly served by existing provisions, and to improve communication during natural disasters to affected regions.[6][7] Key people involved in the project include Rich DeVaul, chief technical architect, who is also an expert on wearable technology; Mike Cassidy, a project leader; and Cyrus Behroozi, a networking and telecommunication lead.
X is a diverse group of inventors and entrepreneurs who build and launch technologies that aim to improve the lives of millions, even billions, of people. Our goal: 10x impact on the world’s most intractable problems, not just 10% improvement. We approach projects that have the aspiration and riskiness of research with the speed and ambition of a startup.
I believe reliable and new ways of innovative idea like Project Loon is necessary for Internet of Things as well as internet access to each part of the world.
Project Loon is a research and development project being developed by X (formerly Google X) with the mission of providing Internet access to rural and remote areas.
Project Loon is a research and development project being developed by Brent Corley (formerly Google X) with the mission of providing Internet access to rural and remote areas. ... Users of the service connect to the balloon network using a special Internet antenna attached to their building.
Expanding Internet connectivity with stratospheric balloons.
Loon LLC is an Alphabet Inc. subsidiary working on providing Internet access to rural and remote areas. The company uses high-altitude balloons placed in the stratosphere at an altitude of about 18 km (11 mi) to create an aerial wireless network with up to 4G-LTE speeds. It was named Project Loon, since even Google itself found the idea of providing Internet access to the remaining 5 billion population unprecedented and "loony".[1] Loon began as a research and development project by X (formerly Google X), but was spun out into a separate company in July 2018.[5]
The balloons are maneuvered by adjusting their altitude in the stratosphere to float to a wind layer after identifying the wind layer with the desired speed and direction using wind data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Users of the service connect to the balloon network using a special Internet antenna attached to their building. The signal travels through the balloon network from balloon to balloon, then to a ground-based station connected to an Internet service provider (ISP), then onto the global Internet. The system aims to bring Internet access to remote and rural areas poorly served by existing provisions, and to improve communication during natural disasters to affected regions.[6][7] Key people involved in the project include Rich DeVaul, chief technical architect, who is also an expert on wearable technology; Mike Cassidy, a project leader; and Cyrus Behroozi, a networking and telecommunication lead.
X is a diverse group of inventors and entrepreneurs who build and launch technologies that aim to improve the lives of millions, even billions, of people. Our goal: 10x impact on the world’s most intractable problems, not just 10% improvement. We approach projects that have the aspiration and riskiness of research with the speed and ambition of a startup.
I believe reliable and new ways of innovative idea like Project Loon is necessary for Internet of Things as well as internet access to each part of the world.
Project Loon is a research and development project being developed by X (formerly Google X) with the mission of providing Internet access to rural and remote areas.
Project Loon is a research and development project being developed by Google
Project loon is a network of balloon Travelling on edge of space , designed to connect with the people In Rural and Remote areas.
This presentation provides the information about the project loon. Project Loon is a research and development project being developed by Google X. Project Loon is a network of balloons traveling on the edge of space, designed to connect people in rural and remote areas.
Project Loon is a network of balloons traveling on the edge of space, designed to connect people in rural and remote areas. The balloon is also considerably used to gather weather information such as atmospheric pressure, temperature, humidity and wind speed.
Flying Hope: Balloon bring Internet to everywhere
Project loon is a research and development project being enveloped by Google. It is a network of balloons travelling on the edge of space, designed to provide ubiquitous Internet connectivity. The balloons float in the stratosphere, twice as high as airplanes and the weather. They are carried around the Earth by winds and they can be steered by rising or descending to an altitude with winds moving in the desired direction. People connect to the balloon network using a special Internet antenna attached to their building.
Project Loon is a research and development project being developed by Google
Project loon is a network of balloon Travelling on edge of space , designed to connect with the people In Rural and Remote areas.
This presentation provides the information about the project loon. Project Loon is a research and development project being developed by Google X. Project Loon is a network of balloons traveling on the edge of space, designed to connect people in rural and remote areas.
Project Loon is a network of balloons traveling on the edge of space, designed to connect people in rural and remote areas. The balloon is also considerably used to gather weather information such as atmospheric pressure, temperature, humidity and wind speed.
Flying Hope: Balloon bring Internet to everywhere
Project loon is a research and development project being enveloped by Google. It is a network of balloons travelling on the edge of space, designed to provide ubiquitous Internet connectivity. The balloons float in the stratosphere, twice as high as airplanes and the weather. They are carried around the Earth by winds and they can be steered by rising or descending to an altitude with winds moving in the desired direction. People connect to the balloon network using a special Internet antenna attached to their building.
React For Vikings
with Mikko Haapoja
OVERVIEW
React For Vikings will be a somewhat hairy but totally barbaric look into building the behind the scenes site “Vikings – A World Revealed” for the History Channel. This talk will cover real world examples of how to use React to build performant, animation heavy, responsive sites while even getting designers involved on the development fun.
OBJECTIVE
To explain how Jam3 works with React in animation heavy sites
TARGET AUDIENCE
Developers interested in animation with React
ASSUMED AUDIENCE KNOWLEDGE
Some knowledge of React
FIVE THINGS AUDIENCE MEMBERS WILL LEARN
How to work with animations in React
How to create modularized UI components during a project
How to give designers the ability to work alongside developers
How to create performant animations in React
How to structure/architect highly animated sites
Full Study: Performance Reviews Get a Failing GradeAdobe
We surveyed 1,500 U.S. office workers for their thoughts on performance reviews, and unsurprisingly, people aren't fans of them. What we did unearth though are interesting reactions and feelings about the process. Shift through the full report.
Curious about how we've ditched the reviews for the Check-In? More on that here (https://adobe.ly/2j5NLUe) with resources to employ the Check-In for your org here: http://www.adobe.com/check-in.html
Project Loon: Balloons designed to extend connectivity Billions of people around the world are still without internet access. Loon is a network of balloons traveling on the edge of space, delivering connectivity to people in unserved and underserved communities around the world.
This 7-second Brain Wave Ritual Attracts Money To You.!nirahealhty
Discover the power of a simple 7-second brain wave ritual that can attract wealth and abundance into your life. By tapping into specific brain frequencies, this technique helps you manifest financial success effortlessly. Ready to transform your financial future? Try this powerful ritual and start attracting money today!
# Internet Security: Safeguarding Your Digital World
In the contemporary digital age, the internet is a cornerstone of our daily lives. It connects us to vast amounts of information, provides platforms for communication, enables commerce, and offers endless entertainment. However, with these conveniences come significant security challenges. Internet security is essential to protect our digital identities, sensitive data, and overall online experience. This comprehensive guide explores the multifaceted world of internet security, providing insights into its importance, common threats, and effective strategies to safeguard your digital world.
## Understanding Internet Security
Internet security encompasses the measures and protocols used to protect information, devices, and networks from unauthorized access, attacks, and damage. It involves a wide range of practices designed to safeguard data confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Effective internet security is crucial for individuals, businesses, and governments alike, as cyber threats continue to evolve in complexity and scale.
### Key Components of Internet Security
1. **Confidentiality**: Ensuring that information is accessible only to those authorized to access it.
2. **Integrity**: Protecting information from being altered or tampered with by unauthorized parties.
3. **Availability**: Ensuring that authorized users have reliable access to information and resources when needed.
## Common Internet Security Threats
Cyber threats are numerous and constantly evolving. Understanding these threats is the first step in protecting against them. Some of the most common internet security threats include:
### Malware
Malware, or malicious software, is designed to harm, exploit, or otherwise compromise a device, network, or service. Common types of malware include:
- **Viruses**: Programs that attach themselves to legitimate software and replicate, spreading to other programs and files.
- **Worms**: Standalone malware that replicates itself to spread to other computers.
- **Trojan Horses**: Malicious software disguised as legitimate software.
- **Ransomware**: Malware that encrypts a user's files and demands a ransom for the decryption key.
- **Spyware**: Software that secretly monitors and collects user information.
### Phishing
Phishing is a social engineering attack that aims to steal sensitive information such as usernames, passwords, and credit card details. Attackers often masquerade as trusted entities in email or other communication channels, tricking victims into providing their information.
### Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) Attacks
MitM attacks occur when an attacker intercepts and potentially alters communication between two parties without their knowledge. This can lead to the unauthorized acquisition of sensitive information.
### Denial-of-Service (DoS) and Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) Attacks
APNIC Foundation, presented by Ellisha Heppner at the PNG DNS Forum 2024APNIC
Ellisha Heppner, Grant Management Lead, presented an update on APNIC Foundation to the PNG DNS Forum held from 6 to 10 May, 2024 in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea.
Bridging the Digital Gap Brad Spiegel Macon, GA Initiative.pptxBrad Spiegel Macon GA
Brad Spiegel Macon GA’s journey exemplifies the profound impact that one individual can have on their community. Through his unwavering dedication to digital inclusion, he’s not only bridging the gap in Macon but also setting an example for others to follow.
Multi-cluster Kubernetes Networking- Patterns, Projects and GuidelinesSanjeev Rampal
Talk presented at Kubernetes Community Day, New York, May 2024.
Technical summary of Multi-Cluster Kubernetes Networking architectures with focus on 4 key topics.
1) Key patterns for Multi-cluster architectures
2) Architectural comparison of several OSS/ CNCF projects to address these patterns
3) Evolution trends for the APIs of these projects
4) Some design recommendations & guidelines for adopting/ deploying these solutions.
2. CONTENT’SCONTENT’S
1. INTRODUCTION
2. HISTORY OF INTERNET
3. GROWTH OF INTERNET IN INDIA
4. WHAT IS GOOGLE PROJECT LOON?
5. WHERE’S THE LOON?
6. STRATOSPHERE
7. HOW IS LOON DESIGNED?
ENVELOPE
SOLAR PANELS
ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENTS
8. HOW LOON MOVES?
9. HOW LOON CONNECTS?
10. THE PILOT TEST
11. CONCLUSION
3. INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
● There are a lot of advancements in the
Internet Technolgy.
● It became so easy to do anything with
Internet.
● But still two third of the world’s population is
not connected to the internet due to several
problems.
● “Project Loon” is one of the most wonderful
idea taken up by Google as a solution for this !
4. HISTORY OF INTERNETHISTORY OF INTERNET
● Internet begins with the development of electronic
computers in the 1950s.
● ARPANET was developed in 1960s.
● In 1982, the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) was
introduced as the standard networking protocol on the
ARPANET.
● Commercial Internet service providers (ISPs) began to
emerge in the late 1980s.
● Since the mid-1990s, the Internet has had a
revolutionary impact on culture and commerce.
5. Continue...Continue...
● There Was A Rise Of Near-Instant
Communication By Electronic Mail, Instant
Messaging,Two-Way Interactive Video Calls, And
The World Wide Webwith Its Discussion Forums,
Blogs,Social Networking, And Online Shopping
Sites.
● Increasing Amounts Of Data Are Transmitted At
Higher And Higher Speeds Over Fiber Optic
Networks.
● Today The Internet Continues To Grow.
6. The World Wide WebThe World Wide Web
➔ It Was An Open Platform Of Standars Where
Anyone Could Create A Web Site On The Internet.
➔ Tim Berners-Lee Invented The World Wide Web
1989.
➔ The Internet Grew To Become One Of The Largest
Structures Ever Assembled By Humans.
7. Growth Of Internet In IndiaGrowth Of Internet In India
➔ Internet in india began with the launch of the
educational research network (ERNET) in 1986.
➔ The first publicly available internet service in
India was launched by state-owned Videsh
Sanchar Nigam Limited (VSNL) on 14 August
1995.
➔ Presently Over 200 Million Users
➔ 10 years –From 10 million to 100 million
Internet users. Now the country is adding five
million new Internet users every month.
8.
9.
10. What is Google Project Loon?What is Google Project Loon?
● Research and development project being developed by
Google X.
● Aim: Providing Internet access to rural and remote areas,
help fill coverage gaps, and bring people back online after
disasters.
● Uses high-altitude balloons placed in the stratosphere to
create an aerial wireless network.
● Can provide 3G-like speed up to 10Mbps .
● Cost effective way to provide Internet access across the
world.
● Officially announced as a Google project on 14 June 2013.
11. KEY PEOPLE BEHIND THE PROJECTKEY PEOPLE BEHIND THE PROJECT
● RICH DEVAUL - The chief technical architect
● MIKE CASSIDY - The project loon leader.
● CYRUS BEHZOORI – Networking and
telecommunication.
12. TECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGY
The technology designed in the project could allow
countries to avoid using expensive fibre cable.
The high-altitude polyethylene balloons fly around
the world on the prevailing winds.
Solar panels about the size of a card table that are
just below the free-flying balloons generate
enough electricity in four hours to power the
transmitter for a day and beam down the Internet
signal to ground stations.
13. Continue.....Continue.....
Project Loon balloons float in the
stratosphere,twice as high as airplanes and
the weather.
People connect to the balloon network using
a special Internet antenna attached to their
building.
The signal bounces from balloon to balloon,
then to the global Internet back on Earth.
14. Where’s the Loon?
EXOSPHERE
Outer most layer
700 to 10,000 km
Contains most of
the satellites
orbiting
Earth
THERMOSPHERE
Second-highest layer
Contains
theionosphere
Space shuttle orbits
at this layer
MESOSPHERE
Third highest layer
50 to 80 km
Mainly accessed by
sounding rockets
TROPOSPHERE
Lowest layer – 12 km
Weather takes place
Accessed by propeller
driven aircraft
15. Stratosphere
● The second-lowest layer of Earth's
atmosphere – 12 to 50km.
● Lower boundary of the stratosphere is called
the tropopause; the upper boundary is called
the stratopause.
● Layers of air there are quite stable.
● Commercial jet aircraft fly in the lower
stratosphere.
16. Continue...Continue...
● Air is roughly a thousand times thinner at
the top of the stratosphere than it is at sea
level.
● Thin atmosphere offers less protection
from UV radiation.
● PROJECT LOON balloons operates in the
stratosphere, at altitudes between 18 km
and 25 km.
17. Why Stratosphere?
Highest layer accessed by weatherballoons.
Relatively low wind speeds.
Minimal turbulence.
Well above weather events, wildlife and
airplanes.
18. How Is Loon Designed?
The loon is consist of three parts: an envelope,
solar panels and equipment.
Envelope
Solar Panels
Equipment
19. ENVELOPEENVELOPE
Inflatable Part Of The Balloon
Made From Sheets Of
Polyethylene Plastic[0.076 Mm
Thick]
It Strongly Keeps From Stretching
& Popping At Even High Altitude
Measure 15m Wide By 12m Tall
When Fully Inflated
A Parachute Attached To The Top
Of The Envelope
They Are Specially Constructed For Use In Super
Pressure Balloons, Which Are Resistant To Uv Radiation
20. SOLAR PANELSSOLAR PANELS
Powered by an array of solar
panels
Solar array is a flexible plastic
Laminate supported by a light
weight aluminum frame.
Uses high efficiency
monocrystalline solar cells.
Produce approximately 100 Watts
of power in full sun.
Also charges a battery for use at
night.
21. ● Electronic Equipments
A small box containing the
balloon’s electronic equipment
Enclosed in a box weighing 10kg
This box contains circuit boards
that control the system .
Each balloon is equipped with a
GPS for tracking its location.
Lithium Ion batteries to store
solar power
22. Continue...Continue...
Radio antennas to communicate with other
balloons and with Internet antennas on the
ground
Air Control Systems pumps in or releases air from
the envelope to control its elevation
24. HOW LOON MOVESHOW LOON MOVES
Project Loon balloons travel
around 65,000 feet above
the Earth’s surface in the
Stratosphere.
Winds in the stratosphere are
generally steady and slow-
moving at between 5 and 20
mph, and each layer of wind
varies in direction
Due to the wind properties, balloons can travel along
latitude line
25. Continue...Continue...
Horizontal movement: Moves along the wind in
each layer of the
stratosphereUses certain software algorithms to
determine where its balloons need to go
The movement is monitored by the GPS tracking
system.
26. HOW LOON CONNECTS?HOW LOON CONNECTS?
Two kinds of communications:
Special Radio Antenna
Communicate using unlicensed 2.4 and 5.8 GHz
ISM bands.
Currently, hundreds of people can connect to each
balloon at once.
Balloon-to-Balloon network.
Balloon-to-Ground station or Subscribers network
27. Continue...Continue...
Can provide connectivity to a ground area about
40 km in diameter.
Requires users to install a specialized antenna the
outside of their home to receive the signal from a
balloon near their home.
29. RECEPTION OF LOON SERVICESRECEPTION OF LOON SERVICES
Reception of Loon services requires a specialized
antenna.
The special antenna installed the outside of home
receives data and decrypt the data.
To receive the service directly on tophones, the user
will have to use a Google SIM card.
30. ISM BANDISM BAND
The industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) radio
bands are radio bands (portions of the radio
spectrum).
Project Loon currently uses ISM bands (specifically
2.4 and 5.8 GHz bands) that are available for
anyone to use.
Part of the radio spectrum that can be used for
any purpose without a license in most countries.
Cordless telephones, wireless computer networks,
Bluetooth devices.
31. Continue...Continue...
These also avoids interferences and reaches much
further distances.
Google is able to avoid negotiating with local
governments to purchase specific radio frequencies.
32. THE PILOT TESTTHE PILOT TEST
● Project Loon Starts In June 2013 With An
Experimental Pilot In New Zealand.
● A Small Group Of Project Loon Pioneers Will Test The
Technology In Christchurch And Canterbury.
33. Continue....Continue....
● 30 Balloons, Launched From New Zealand’s
South Island.
● About 50 Local Users In And Around
christchurch and The canterbury
Region tested Connections To The Aerial
Network Using Special Antennas.
34.
35.
36.
37. PRACTICAL PARAMETERSPRACTICAL PARAMETERS
THE BALLOON
Polyethylene plastic envelops manufactured by
Raven Aerostat: $4,000
Helium gas per loon per flight: $2,000
100W solar panels (5ft × 5ft): $500
Navigation control system: $1000
Equipment box (circuit boards, radio
antennae, GPS, weather instruments
and batteries): $12,000
38. HOW WILL THE LOON DESCEND?HOW WILL THE LOON DESCEND?
➔
The easiest method to make balloon down to lift
the valve at the top to gradually release the helium
gas.
➔ In the event of an unexpected landing/failure, every
Loon balloon is equipped with a parachute to
ensure safer landing.
➔ Also equipped with special lamps and reflectors to
provide warning for aircrafts during the descend.
➔ GPS helps to track the descend path of the loon.
40. ADVANTAGES
➔ Provide Internet to rural & disaster areas
➔ Cheaper data rates
➔ Cheaper infrastructure
➔ Faster & Efficient connection
➔ Use of renewable energy sources
➔ Secure data
42. INCIDENTSINCIDENTS
● In May 2014, a Loon balloon crashed into power lines in Washington,
United States.
● On 20 June 2014, New Zealand officials briefly scrambled emergency
services personnel when a Loon balloon came down.
● On 23 April 2015, a Loon balloon crashed in a field near Bragg City,
Missouri.
● On September 12, 2015, a Loon balloon crash landed in the front
lawn of a residence on Rancho Hills, Chino Hills, CA.
● On 17 February 2016, a Loon balloon crashed in the tea-growing
region of Gampola, Sri Lanka while carrying out tests.
● On April 7, 2016, a Loon balloon landed on a farm in Dundee,
KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
● On April 22, 2016, a Loon balloon crashed in a field in the Ñeembucu
department, Paraguay.
● On August 26, 2016, a Loon balloon landed northwest of Madison,
SD.
43. CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION
➔ Project Loon is an ambitious project and the world
will highly benefit from it.
➔ Project Loon, an initiative to help fill in those internet
gaps through the use of networked balloons.
➔ The goal is to provide broadband-like internet for the
two-thirds of the world that doesn’t have access to a
reliable internet connection by balloon.
➔ It is still in experimental phase.
roject Loon is an ambitious project and the world will Project
Loon is an ambitious project and the world will highly benefit from it.