Project Loon uses high-altitude balloons traveling in the stratosphere to provide internet access to rural and remote areas. The balloons float approximately 20 km above the Earth's surface, where they navigate using different wind patterns. Each balloon has a polyethylene envelope, solar panels to charge its electronics, and antennas to connect to the internet and communicate with other balloons. Working together, the balloons can provide LTE internet coverage over an area about 40 km in diameter. The ultimate goal is to use these balloons to establish continuous internet connectivity via a ring of balloons at certain southern latitudes.

2. What Is Project LOON?
Many of us think of the Internet as a global community.
But two-thirds of the world’s population does not yet have
Internet access.
Project Loon is a network of balloons traveling on the edge of
space, designed to connect people in rural and remote
areas, help fill coverage gaps, and bring people back
online after disasters.

3. The Technology

4. Project Loon balloons float in the stratosphere, twice as high as airplanes and
the weather.
In the stratosphere, there are many layers of wind, and each layer of wind
varies in direction and speed.
Loon balloons go where they’re needed by rising or descending into a layer
of wind blowing in the desired direction of travel.
By partnering with Telecommunications companies to share cellular spectrum
they’ve enabled people to connect to the balloon network directly
from their phones and other LTE-enabled devices.
The signal is then passed across the balloon network and back down to the
global Internet on Earth.
How Loon Works?

6. How Loon Flies?
Navigating with the wind

7. Project Loon balloons travel approximately 20 km above the Earth’s
surface in the stratosphere.
Winds in the stratosphere are stratified, and each layer of wind varies
in speed and direction.
Project Loon uses software algorithms to determine where its
balloons need to go, then moves each one into a layer of
wind blowing in the right direction.
By moving with the wind, the balloons can be arranged to form a
large communication network.

8. How Loon Flies?
Stratosphere

9. Situated on the edge of space, between 10 km and 60 km in altitude.
The stratosphere presents unique engineering challenges:
air pressure is 1% that at sea level, and this thin atmosphere
offers less protection from UV radiation and dramatic
temperature swings, which can reach as low as -80°C.
By carefully designing the balloon envelope to withstand these
conditions, Project Loon is able to take advantage of the
stratosphere’s steady winds and remain well above weather
events, wildlife and airplanes.

10. How Loon is designed?
Envelop

12. The inflatable part of the balloon is called a balloon envelope.
A well-made balloon envelope is critical for allowing a balloon to last
around 100 days in the stratosphere.
Loon’s balloon envelopes are made from sheets of polyethylene
plastic, and they measure fifteen meters wide by twelve
meters tall when fully inflated.
When a balloon is ready to be taken out of service, gas is released
from the envelope to bring the balloon down to Earth in a
controlled descent.
In the unlikely event that a balloon drops too quickly, a parachute
attached to the top of the envelope is deployed.

13. Solar Panels

14. Each balloon’s electronics are powered by an array of solar panels.
The solar array is a flexible plastic laminate supported by a light-weight
aluminum frame.
It uses high efficiency monocrystalline solar cells.
The solar array is mounted at a steep angle to effectively capture sunlight on
short winter days at higher latitudes.
The array is divided into two sections facing in opposite directions, allowing to
capture energy in any orientation as the balloons spin slowly in the
wind.
The panels produce approximately 100 Watts of power in full sun, which is
enough to keep Loon’s electronics running while also charging a
battery for use at night.
By moving with the wind and charging in the sun, Project Loon is able to
power itself using entirely renewable energy sources

15. Electronics

16. A small box containing the balloon’s electronics hangs underneath
the inflated envelope, like the basket carried by a hot air
balloon.
This box contains circuit boards that control the system, radio
antennas to communicate with other balloons and with
Internet antennas on the ground, and lithium ion batteries to
store solar power so the balloons can operate throughout
the night.

17. Complete Design

18. How Loon Connects?

19. Each balloon can provide connectivity to a ground area about 40 km
in diameter using a wireless communications technology
called LTE.
To use LTE, Project Loon partners with telecommunications
companies to share cellular spectrum so that people will be
able to access the Internet everywhere directly from their
phones and other LTE-enabled devices.
Balloons relay wireless traffic from cell phones and other devices
back to the global Internet using high-speed links.

20. Where is Loon going?
Project Loon began with a pilot test in June
2013, when thirty balloons were launched from
New Zealand’s South Island and beamed
Internet to a small group of pilot testers. The
pilot test has since expanded to include a
greater number of people over a wider area.
Looking ahead, Project Loon will continue to
expand the pilot, with the goal of establishing a
ring of uninterrupted connectivity at latitudes in
the Southern Hemisphere, so that pilot testers in
these latitudes can receive continuous service
via balloon-powered Internet.

21. Questions?

22. Thank You!!!