Project Loon aims to provide internet access to rural and remote areas using high-altitude balloons. The balloons float in the stratosphere and are moved around by wind currents to different locations. They connect to each other and to ground stations to form an aerial wireless network. Users connect to this network via special antennas. While Loon has the potential to provide low-cost internet access globally, it also faces challenges from technical failures, international politics, and being a supplemental rather than replacement for other internet solutions.

1. Loon
Presented By:- Submitted To:-
Abhishek Gaurav Mrs. Bhumika Gupta
CSE 3rd Year
130202

3. Contents
 Introduction
 Why Project Loon Required
 History
 The Technology
 Design
 How Loon moves
 How Loon Connects
 RECEPTION OF LOON SERVICES
 HOW WILL THE LOON DESCEND
 Advantages
 Disadvantages
 Conclusion

4. Introduction
 Project Loon is a research and
development project being developed
by Google with the mission of
providing Internet access to rural and
remote areas.
 A balloon is a flexible bag filled with air
or gas.
 The balloon is also considerably used to
gather weather information such as
atmospheric pressure, temperature,
humidity and wind speed.
 Easier for a service provider to recover
the equipment cost in areas of high
population density

5. Why Project Loon Required
 The main idea behind google loon is to bring internet 2 out of 3
people on the world who don’t have internet access today by using
high altitude balloons.
 It can improve communication during any disaster to affected regions
 It will be available at all places, even in Sahara Desert
 It can improve Internet usage in developing countries in region such as
Africa and Southeast Asia that can’t afford underground fiber cable
for providing internet connectivity.
 It is fast, efficient and more reliable than wired broadband
connection

7. History
 In 2008, Google considered contracting Space Data Corp, but
didn't do so
 2011, the unofficial development of the project began under
Google X Labs
 14 June 2013, Google announced this as an official project
 16 June 2013, A pilot experiment happened in New Zealand and
about 30 balloons were launched

8. The Technology
 Project Loon balloons float in the stratosphere, twice as high as airplanes.
 They are carried around the Earth by winds and they can be steered by rising or
descending to an altitude with winds moving in the desired direction.
 People connect to the balloon network using a special Internet antenna attached to
their building

9. Antena

10. Components Used In Balloon
Envelope
Solar Panel
Equipments

14. How Loon moves
 Project loon balloons travel around 20 km above the earth’s surface in the
stratosphere.
 Winds in the stratosphere are generally steady and slow-moving at between 5 and
20 mph, and each layer of wind varies in direction and magnitude.
 The set-up uses crachy mechanism to determine where its balloons need to go, then
moves each one into a layer of wind blowing in the right direction or to change
altitude.
 It uses the data from NOAA(National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administrator) to
predict the nature of wind in stratosphere.

17. Why Stratosphere ?
 The stratosphere ranges between 10 km and 60 km altitude on
the edge of space.
 The extreme altitude of the stratosphere presents unique
engineering challenges:
- Air pressure is 1% of that at sea level
- Temperatures hover around -58°F
- A thinner atmosphere
- Less protection from the UV radiation
 Suitable because this sphere is having steady
stratospheric winds.

18. How Loon Connects
 Each loon has radio antennae that connects each loon to other loon. These antennas
are equipped with specialized radio frequency technology with ISM bands of
spectrum to achieve high bandwidth of 2.4 GHz to 5.8 GHz.
 The balloon communicate with specialized internet antennae on the ground.
Antennae here points into the sky and talks to the balloon and each of this balloon
talks to neighbouring balloon and then back down to ground station which is
connected to the internet provider this creates a network in the sky.
 Two kinds of communications:
Balloon-to-Balloon network
Balloon-to-Ground station or Subscribers network
 Can provide connectivity to a ground area about 40 km in diameter.
 Requires users to install a specialized antenna the outside of their home to receive
the signal from a balloon near their home.

20. RECEPTION OF LOON SERVICES
 Reception of Loon services requires a specialized antenna.The
special antenna installed the outside of home receives data
and decrypt the data.
 The antennae on balloons are polarized (means direction of
electromagnetic waves are oscillating with the wind.)
 To avoid this cross-polorization issue,2 antenna are placed to receive
signals driving in any direction and making their bandwith double.
 The antenna has to have more sensitive of an angle than it does
straight up,so we can get uniform signal strength no matter
where the balloons are overhead.

24. HOW WILL THE LOON DESCEND?
 The easiest method to make balloon down to lift the valve at the top to
gradually release the helium gas.
 In the event of an unexpected landing/failure, every Loon balloon is equipped
with a parachute to ensure safer landing.
 Also equipped with special lamps and reflectors to provide warning for
aircrafts during the descend.
 GPS helps to track the descend path of the loon.

25. The Pilot Test
 On 16 June 2013, Google began a pilot experiment in New
Zealand where about 30 balloons were launched in
coordination with the Civil Aviation Authority from
the Tekapo area in the South Island.
 About 50 local users in and around Christchurch and
the Canterbury Region tested connections to the aerial
network using special antennas.

26. Advantage
 Provide Internet to rural &
disaster hit areas
 Cheaper data rates
 Cheaper infrastructure
 Faster & Efficient connection
 Secure data
 Education
 Health and Medicine
 Use of Renewable Energy
 Weather Surveillance
 Requires continuous monitoring
 Hardware Failure
 Not a replacement of satellite
communication.
 International politics
Disadvantage

27. conclusion
 Project Loon is an ambitious project and the world will highly benefit from it.
 Project Loon, an initiative to help fill in those internet gaps through the use
of networked balloons.
 The goal is to provide broadband-like internet for the two-thirds of the world
that doesn’t have access to a reliable internet connection by balloon.
 In this century, Google's new invention Google project loon provide a very valuable
help to poor people by accessing the internet facility. With this, almost all people may
get the ability to know the world of internet and utilize these facility to overcome the
barriers.

28. Thanks

29. Queries?