This document summarizes a student's seminar report on Google's Project Loon. Project Loon aims to provide internet access to rural and remote areas using high-altitude balloons. Balloons float in the stratosphere and connect people on the ground via special antennas. The student provides details on Loon's design including its envelope, solar panels, equipment, and how it moves with wind currents. The report also outlines Loon's initial pilot test in New Zealand and goals to expand connectivity.

1. 2014
Mahavir
Swami College
of Engg. And
Technology
Basit Khan
[PROJECT LOON]
Two-thirds of the world’s population does not yet have Internet access. Project Loon is
a network of balloons travelling on the edge of space, designed to connect people in
rural and remote areas, help fill coverage gaps, and bring people back online after
disasters.

2. Mahavir Swami College of Engineering & Technology
Surat, Gujarat (India)
Computer Engineering Department
CERTIFICATE
This is to Certify that KHANSAHEB ABDULBASIT AIZAZ Student of
B.E. III Year Computer Branch, Semester– V. Enrolment No. 121110107021has
successfully conducted his seminar on “GOOGLE PROJECT LOON” in accordance
with technical and theoretical specifications under the guidance of Prof. Payal V. Patel
for the year 2014 - 2015.
_________________ ________________
Signature of Guide Signature of HOD
Date: (Computer Eng. Dept.)

3. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I am extremely happy to present the report on “GOOGLE PROJECT LOON”
for you. I have divided the subject into small chapters so that the topic can be arranged
and understood properly. I would like to express my deep thanks to all of all people who
with me when I prepare this seminar report. I would like to thanks all of our faculty
members who helped on in one or the other way, and especially Prof. Payal V. Patel to
guide me throughout this journey and helping me whenever I need his and studying my
roughs during her precious time and suggestion to me.
I am also thankful to all of my friends and family members for the
encouragement and support that they have extended, who have contributed in this
seminar. I am also thankful to the whole faculty staff of computer department and
others for their efforts to make this report as good as it is. We have jointly made every
possible effort to eliminate all the errors in this report.
And at last, I would like to express my thanks to all of the people who have
provided me knowledge via articles, weblogs, slides, websites etc. Without their help this
seminar report wouldn’t be there.
BASIT KHAN

4. ABSTRACT
Two-thirds of the world’s population does not yet have Internet access. Project
Loon is a network of balloons travelling on the edge of space, designed to connect people
in rural and remote areas, help fill coverage gaps, and bring people back online after
disasters.
Project Loon balloons float in the stratosphere, twice as high as airplanes and the
weather. In the stratosphere, there are many layers of wind, and each layer of wind
varies in direction and speed. Loon balloons go where they’re needed by rising or
descending into a layer of wind blowing in the desired direction of travel. People can
connect to the balloon network using a special Internet antenna attached to their
building. The signal bounces from this antenna up to the balloon network, and then
down to the global Internet on Earth.
Project Loon balloons travel approximately 20 km above the Earth’s surface in
the stratosphere. Winds in the stratosphere are stratified, and each layer of wind varies
in speed and direction. Project Loon uses software algorithms to determine where its
balloons need to go, then moves each one into a layer of wind blowing in the right
direction. By moving with the wind, the balloons can be arranged to form one large
communications network.
Project Loon began with a pilot test in June 2013, when thirty balloons were
launched from New Zealand’s South Island and beamed Internet to a small group of
pilot testers. The pilot test has since expanded to include a greater number of people
over a wider area. Looking ahead, Project Loon will continue to expand the pilot
through 2014, with the goal of establishing a ring of uninterrupted connectivity around
the 40th southern parallel, so that pilot testers at this latitude can receive continuous
service via balloon-powered Internet.

5. TABLE OF CONTENT
1. Introduction 1
1.1.Background 3
2. Project overview 4
2.1 What is project loon. 4
2.2 The technology 4
2.3Where loon has been 4
3. Loon design 6
3.1 Envelope: 6
3.2 solar panel 7
3.3 Equipment 8
4. Loon works 10
4.1Circuitry and Transmission 11
5. Loon connection 13
5.1 Antenna 14
6. Loon moment 15
6.1 How Loon flies 15
6.2 Stratospheres 15
6.3 Stratospheric Environment 16
7. Current progress 17
7.1 Loon cost 19
7.2 Advantages and disadvantages 20

6. Fig 1.1: % population without internet 1
Fig 1.2: Basic concept behind “Google project loon” 3
Fig 2.1: working area of loon in this project 5
Fig 3.1: PROJECTLOONBALLON 6
Fig 3.2: Actual image ofloon 6
Fig 3.3: Solar panel 7
Fig 3.4: Actual image ofsolar panel which is used in this project 8
Fig 3.5: Equipment 8
Fig 3.6: This is the first prototype ofloon equipment. 8
Fig 3.7: What goes up in to atmosphere? 9
Fig 4.1: Illustrate working ofloon 10
Fig 4.2: Patent circuitry of Loon 11
Fig 4.3: Original on-board circuitry for early pilots 12
Fig5.1: Meshnetwork of Loon 13
Fig5.2: Antenna use in project loon 14
Fig 5.3: Dual polarized dipole antenna for the receiver 14
Fig 6.1: loon navigation with wind 15
Fig 6.2: Stratosphere by altitude 16
Fig 7.1: Area covered by pilot test in New Zealand 17
Fig7.2: Project loon pilot testerCharles connect s the balloon 17
Fig 7.3: Before launch, the balloons are unfurled on top of a protective tarp. 18
Fig 7.4: Path of balloon in pilot test 18