A presentation to accompany the launch of a guide to conceptual frameworks for researchers; especially those working in an open education context. Download the Guide from https://go-gn.net/gogn_outputs/conceptual-frameworks/
Slides presented at Open Education 2016. The Open Research Agenda is an international consultation exercise on research priorities in open education which combines online surveys and focus group interactions. This presentation summarises thematic analysis of the data set and indicates future directions for research in the field of open education.
Innovation with Open Educational Resources: The State of the ArtRobert Farrow
Keynote presentation at the OpenLang Network Multiplier Event, 10th December 2021. This presentation reflects on more than a decade of innovation in open education.
CCCOER Webinar: OER Research on Open Textbook adoption and LibrariansOER Hub
"OER Research on Open Textbook adoption and Librarians" was presented by Beck Pitt on 10 December 2014 as part of a CCCOER webinar with Nicole Allen (SPARC) and Una Daly.
These slides were created by reversioning two previous presentations: Librarians Perceptions of OER and Open Access Week 2014: Open Textbook Research Overview (also available on Slideshare).
Philosophical pedagogies are typically based on abstract discussion of texts, and have remained largely unchanged throughout the history of the subject. However, there is a considerable body of research which suggests that this is unsuited to some learning styles and may discourage some students from prolonged study (AEL, 2003; Pashler et al, 2008). Many prefer to learn through visual cues and models alongside engaging with literature resources. Students with learning needs like dyslexia might find the emphasis on the written word to be a considerable barrier to philosophical study. Simultaneously, there are ever greater numbers of websites, apps and mashups dedicated to the study of philosophy which sometimes do little more than recreate printed materials in a digital environment.
This presentation explores the potential for introducing and integrating visual pedagogies into teaching and learning philosophy by reviewing a number of different styles of visualization and their possible use in educational scenarios with a particular focus on education and the appropriate use of digital technologies.
Slides presented at Open Education 2016. The Open Research Agenda is an international consultation exercise on research priorities in open education which combines online surveys and focus group interactions. This presentation summarises thematic analysis of the data set and indicates future directions for research in the field of open education.
Innovation with Open Educational Resources: The State of the ArtRobert Farrow
Keynote presentation at the OpenLang Network Multiplier Event, 10th December 2021. This presentation reflects on more than a decade of innovation in open education.
CCCOER Webinar: OER Research on Open Textbook adoption and LibrariansOER Hub
"OER Research on Open Textbook adoption and Librarians" was presented by Beck Pitt on 10 December 2014 as part of a CCCOER webinar with Nicole Allen (SPARC) and Una Daly.
These slides were created by reversioning two previous presentations: Librarians Perceptions of OER and Open Access Week 2014: Open Textbook Research Overview (also available on Slideshare).
Philosophical pedagogies are typically based on abstract discussion of texts, and have remained largely unchanged throughout the history of the subject. However, there is a considerable body of research which suggests that this is unsuited to some learning styles and may discourage some students from prolonged study (AEL, 2003; Pashler et al, 2008). Many prefer to learn through visual cues and models alongside engaging with literature resources. Students with learning needs like dyslexia might find the emphasis on the written word to be a considerable barrier to philosophical study. Simultaneously, there are ever greater numbers of websites, apps and mashups dedicated to the study of philosophy which sometimes do little more than recreate printed materials in a digital environment.
This presentation explores the potential for introducing and integrating visual pedagogies into teaching and learning philosophy by reviewing a number of different styles of visualization and their possible use in educational scenarios with a particular focus on education and the appropriate use of digital technologies.
Computers and Learning Research Group: Research methods in open education: I...Robert Farrow
This session will present an overview of the Global OER Graduate Network research methods handbook. The handbook is being developed by members of the network who are researchers in open education, and will serve as a useful starting point for anyone wishing to do research in education with a focus on OER, MOOCs or OEP.
To contextualise this approach, an accessible and brief description of the types of methods typically used in research into education and educational technology will be provided. Some of the contrasting philosophical, epistemological and ontological commitments of different research paradigms will be used to differentiate alternative methodologies. Theoretical perspectives will be outlined but not fully explored.
State-of-the-art approaches will be explored and their relevance for open education explained. The presentation will use examples of current doctoral research to highlight the use of different methods, and will convey insights into using different methods as shared by the researchers. This includes reflections on using different methods, and advice for conducting similar work.
Finally, the presentation will offer up for discussion a provisional model of open scholarship including open practices (agile project management; directly influencing practice; radical transparency; sharing research instruments; social media presence; networks); open science (open access; open data; open licensing); digital innovation (HCI; data science; open source technologies); and normative elements (challenging dominant narratives; promoting social justice; and reducing barriers to educational access).
Framework for an Ethics of Open EducationRobert Farrow
A presentation on the role of ethics of open education from the Open Education Global 2016 conference held in Krakow, Poland. The full paper can be found in Open Praxis from May 2016 via http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/openpraxis.8.2.291
Research methods in open education: insights from the Global OER Graduate Ne...Robert Farrow
Presentation from the ALT Summer Summit 2020 describes the GO-GN Research Methods Handbook which supports researchers working in the field of open education
The Global OER Graduate Network (GO-GN): Engaging Doctoral Research with Open...Robert Farrow
This workshop was led by the Global OER Graduate Network (GO-GN) team (http://go-gn.net/). GO-GN is a network of PhD candidates around the world whose research projects include a focus on open education. These doctoral researchers are at the core of the network while around them, experts, supervisors, mentors and interested parties connect to form a community of practice. Considering the growth of open research and the commitment of research funders to follow this approach, there is a need to understand what open research practices imply. This involves understanding the benefits and challenges of making research more visible to increase impact and opportunities for collaboration with other researchers when doing a PhD and when pursuing a career in academia.
The workshop will focus on introducing the network possibilities for PhD students, including worldwide support to those researching in the different areas of open education. We will expose the values of the network promoting equity and inclusion in the field of open education research and introduce the different types of events we host such as an annual face-to-face workshop and online events. As well, we will discuss the support for alumni and members with a funded fellowship scheme and the acknowledgement of our members’ achievements through our annual awards. At the second part of the workshop, we will have a practical exercise with the audience to promote the co-authoring of research publications with our members. Two examples of those which will be disclosed are the research methods handbook, awarded with the 2020 Open Education Award for Excellence Winner, and the Research Review Summer 2020.
Innovating Open Education: Critical Pathways and Communities of PracticeRobert Farrow
This presentation from Open Education Global 2021 provides an overview of the ENCORE+ project (https://encoreproject.eu/) and discusses the relationship between open educational resources (OER) and innovation, identifying strategies for knowledge exchange.
Global Open Education Graduate Network Research Presentation - Cape Town, Sou...Michael Paskevicius
A brief overview of research journey into open educational practices so far. I am exploring how open educational practices (OEP) are evolving and being actualized in formal higher education. As an educational developer, I am interested in how to support faculty in moving to OEP, understanding the experience of faculty currently innovating with OEP, as well as the student experience of being engaged with OEP.
The Impact of Open Textbooks in the USA and South Africa: When? Why? How?OER Hub
These slides accompanied the OER Research Hub webinar "The Impact of Open Textbooks in the USA and South Africa: When? Why? How?" on 28 May 2014. Speakers: Megan Beckett (Siyavula), Beck Pitt (The Open University, OER Research Hub) and Daniel Williamson (OpenStax College). The session was chaired by Martin Weller (The Open University, OER Research Hub).
You can watch a recording of the webinar here: http://tinyurl.com/p926br2
Show & TEL Ethics & Technology-Enhanced Learning Robert Farrow
This presentation reviews the state of the art with respect to the use of artificial intelligence in education, reflecting on the ethical aspects and implications with particular reference to distance education.
Ramirez-Montoya (2020) recently presented a review of literature pertaining OER and educational innovation, noting that although definitions of openness vary across sectoral spaces, the crossover between openness and innovation is an area of increasing interest. A core part of the story of open educational resources is that they can be used to create spaces for innovation in teaching and learning (Orr et al., 2015; Pitt & Smyth, 2017; Weller et al., 2015). As Coughlan et al. (2018) argue, there has been a lack of detailed analysis of the specific function of OER as a driver of innovation, and a single model has not yet captured the multi-faceted relationship between openness and innovation.
This presentation will present an overview of several major theories of innovation as they relate to contexts of open education, making clear connections to open educational practice and showing how innovation theories can apply to OER. The presentation is likely to be of interest to practitioners wishing to have a stronger theoretical and practical understanding of how OER can support innovative practice.
• Task-Artefact Cycle (Carroll, Kellog & Rosson, 1991)
• The diffusion of innovations theory (Rogers, 2010)
• SAMR framework (Puentedura, 2006; Orr et al., 2015)
• Cyclic Innovation Model (Berkhout, 2007)
• Forms of innovation in OER (Coughlan, Pitt & Farrow, 2018)
This work contributes to the European Network for Catalysing Open Resources in Education (ENCORE+). ENCORE+ is a pan-European Knowledge Alliance funded under the Erasmus+ programme. The project will run from 2021 to 2023 to support the modernisation of education in the European area through OER.
Making MOOCs and changing open educational practicesROER4D
Making MOOCs and changing open educational practices
Laura Czerniewicz, Andrew Deacon, Sukaina Walji, Michael Glover
9 March 2017
Presentation at Open Education Global Conference 2017
Building the 21st Century OER EcosystemRobert Farrow
This presentation offers insights into realizing a European-wide OER Ecosystem. ENCORE+ (European Network for Catalysing Open Resources in Education, www.encoreproject.eu) is building a regional Ecosystem for OER, focused along four engaging circle communities on the following four topics: OER Technology, Policies & Practice, Quality and Innovation & Business Models. The initiative is open to anyone interested in furthering the implementation of the OER Recommendation.
The presentation will highlight results from a pan-European stakeholder survey on OER to give a state of play for the sector. The survey, due completed in September 2021, will be mapping the perceived value of using open educational resources, including its potential and current implementation. At the time of the conference, the project will have hosted two events, specifically events for the circle communities on Policies & Practice and Innovation & Business Models. Results and discussions from these two events will be shared with the Open Education Conference audience, giving an opportunity to continue the discussions after the presentation.
The collaborative community model, described as circle communities, is the ENCORE+ approach to engaging a wide range of stakeholders in and outside Europe. The community will be coming together to solve issues and catalyse change through identifying innovation potential, collaboration opportunities and in general increasing the awareness, implementation and potential of OER.
The presentation focuses on findings from research and circle community events on community needs, collaboration and innovation potential within OER. This will give the participants unique insights into real experiences of building a cross-sectoral, multistakeholder community for OER. The presentation will be split into shorter segments, giving broad insights into the ongoing work with the Ecosystem. Engagement with the audience, through available channels, during and after the presentation will give an opportunity for the participants to elaborate and discuss points of the presentation, including findings, and the ecosystem model overall.
https://opened21.sched.com/event/moQZ/building-the-21st-century-oer-ecosystem
Enhancing Research Communities Through Open Collaboration: The GO-GN Guide to...Robert Farrow
Research plays a key role in our understanding of open education, and is highlighted in the Recommendation on Open Educational Resources (OER) (UNESCO, 2019) as essential for describing the impact of open education; building awareness among key stakeholders; enhancing quality; and forming connections and communities.
The Global OER Graduate Network (GO-GN) is a network of PhD candidates and experts around the world whose research projects include a focus on open education. The Network has more than 300 global members who form a community of practice and support. GO-GN is currently funded through the OER programme of The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation and administered by the Open Education Research Hub from the Institute of Educational Technology at The Open University, UK.
One central aim for the Network is supporting research in the emergent area of open education, and our researchers are encouraged to explore openness as a research vector. The resources produced by the Network reflect this. Last year, GO-GN produced a well-received guide to Research Methods in Open Education (Farrow et al., 2020) which was recognised as a winner in the Open Education Awards for Excellence.
In 2021 GO-GN publishes a companion volume. The GO-GN Guide to Conceptual Frameworks (Farrow et al., 2021) again combines an accessible narrative and visual style with real-life insights gleaned from practising researchers who are using these theories, concepts and models in cutting edge work.
This presentation provides an overview of the new guide and the open, collaborative production process, emphasizing practical strategies for completing research projects. It will be of interest to anyone who conducts research and/or forms policy in the open education space, but particularly for doctoral level researchers.
Scoping: The GO-GN Guide to Conceptual Frameworks Robert Farrow
Slides from a webinar on the forthcoming GO-GN Guide to Conceptual Frameworks. This presentation discusses the rationale for a Handbook to guide doctoral students and reviews some literature on theories, theoretical frameworks, conceptual frameworks, models, and other constructs. This webinar is part of the scoping process for a forthcoming publication.
Open Education Research: Methodology Insights from the Global OER Graduate Ne...Robert Farrow
This session will present an overview of the Global OER Graduate Network research methods handbook. The handbook, published in 2020, was developed by members of the network who are doctoral and post-doctoral researchers in open education, and serves as a useful starting point for anyone wishing to do research in education with a focus on OER, MOOCs or OEP.
An accessible and brief description of the types of methods typically used in research into education and educational technology will be provided. Some of the contrasting philosophical, epistemological and ontological commitments of different research paradigms will be used to differentiate alternative methodologies. Theoretical perspectives will be outlined (but not fully explored).
State-of-the-art approaches will be explored and their relevance for open education explained. The presentation will use examples of current doctoral research to highlight the use of different methods, and will convey insights into using different methods as shared by the researchers. This includes reflections on using different methods, and advice for conducting similar work.
Finally, the presentation will offer up for discussion a provisional model of open scholarship including open practices (agile project management; directly influencing practice; radical transparency; sharing research instruments; social media presence; networks); open science (open access; open data; open licensing); digital innovation (HCI; data science; open source technologies); and normative elements (challenging dominant narratives; promoting social justice; and reducing barriers to educational access).
Reference:
Farrow, R., Iniesto, F., Weller, M. & Pitt., R. (2020). The GO-GN Research Methods Handbook. Open Education Research Hub. The Open University, UK. CC-BY 4.0. http://go-gn.net/gogn_outputs/research-methods-handbook/
Pathways to Learning: International Collaboration Under Covid-19Robert Farrow
The Recommendation on Open Educational Resources (OER) (UNESCO) emphasizes in its key aims the importance of (i) “developing the capacity of all key education stakeholders to create, access, re-use, re-purpose, adapt, and redistribute OER, as well as to use and apply open licenses in a manner consistent with national copyright legislation and international obligations” and (ii) “fostering and facilitating international cooperation [by] supporting international cooperation between stakeholders”.
Both these aspects were present in a recent open education research collaboration between The African Council for Distance Education and The Open University (UK). Pathways to Learning: new approaches in higher education (OpenLearn) hosted two free professional development programmes for university lecturers, instructional designers, technical and professional staff, managers, and heads of department who share responsibility for providing quality distance and online learning.
The evaluation of the Pathways to Learning project provides a great touchstone for reflecting on the kinds of agile, open collaboration that can build international capacity for OER projects and the communities that sustain them.
Critical issues in contemporary open education researchRobert Farrow
This presentation outlines some key considerations for researchers working in the fields of open education, OER and MOOC. Key lines of debate in the open education movement will be described and critically assessed. A reflective overview of the award-winning OER Research Hub project will be used to frame several key considerations around the methodology and purpose of OER research (including 'impact' and 'open practices'). These will be compared with results from a 2016 OER Hub consultation with key stakeholders in the open education movement on research priorities for the sector. The presentation will conclude with thoughts on the potential for openness to act as a disruptive force in higher education.
Computers and Learning Research Group: Research methods in open education: I...Robert Farrow
This session will present an overview of the Global OER Graduate Network research methods handbook. The handbook is being developed by members of the network who are researchers in open education, and will serve as a useful starting point for anyone wishing to do research in education with a focus on OER, MOOCs or OEP.
To contextualise this approach, an accessible and brief description of the types of methods typically used in research into education and educational technology will be provided. Some of the contrasting philosophical, epistemological and ontological commitments of different research paradigms will be used to differentiate alternative methodologies. Theoretical perspectives will be outlined but not fully explored.
State-of-the-art approaches will be explored and their relevance for open education explained. The presentation will use examples of current doctoral research to highlight the use of different methods, and will convey insights into using different methods as shared by the researchers. This includes reflections on using different methods, and advice for conducting similar work.
Finally, the presentation will offer up for discussion a provisional model of open scholarship including open practices (agile project management; directly influencing practice; radical transparency; sharing research instruments; social media presence; networks); open science (open access; open data; open licensing); digital innovation (HCI; data science; open source technologies); and normative elements (challenging dominant narratives; promoting social justice; and reducing barriers to educational access).
Framework for an Ethics of Open EducationRobert Farrow
A presentation on the role of ethics of open education from the Open Education Global 2016 conference held in Krakow, Poland. The full paper can be found in Open Praxis from May 2016 via http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/openpraxis.8.2.291
Research methods in open education: insights from the Global OER Graduate Ne...Robert Farrow
Presentation from the ALT Summer Summit 2020 describes the GO-GN Research Methods Handbook which supports researchers working in the field of open education
The Global OER Graduate Network (GO-GN): Engaging Doctoral Research with Open...Robert Farrow
This workshop was led by the Global OER Graduate Network (GO-GN) team (http://go-gn.net/). GO-GN is a network of PhD candidates around the world whose research projects include a focus on open education. These doctoral researchers are at the core of the network while around them, experts, supervisors, mentors and interested parties connect to form a community of practice. Considering the growth of open research and the commitment of research funders to follow this approach, there is a need to understand what open research practices imply. This involves understanding the benefits and challenges of making research more visible to increase impact and opportunities for collaboration with other researchers when doing a PhD and when pursuing a career in academia.
The workshop will focus on introducing the network possibilities for PhD students, including worldwide support to those researching in the different areas of open education. We will expose the values of the network promoting equity and inclusion in the field of open education research and introduce the different types of events we host such as an annual face-to-face workshop and online events. As well, we will discuss the support for alumni and members with a funded fellowship scheme and the acknowledgement of our members’ achievements through our annual awards. At the second part of the workshop, we will have a practical exercise with the audience to promote the co-authoring of research publications with our members. Two examples of those which will be disclosed are the research methods handbook, awarded with the 2020 Open Education Award for Excellence Winner, and the Research Review Summer 2020.
Innovating Open Education: Critical Pathways and Communities of PracticeRobert Farrow
This presentation from Open Education Global 2021 provides an overview of the ENCORE+ project (https://encoreproject.eu/) and discusses the relationship between open educational resources (OER) and innovation, identifying strategies for knowledge exchange.
Global Open Education Graduate Network Research Presentation - Cape Town, Sou...Michael Paskevicius
A brief overview of research journey into open educational practices so far. I am exploring how open educational practices (OEP) are evolving and being actualized in formal higher education. As an educational developer, I am interested in how to support faculty in moving to OEP, understanding the experience of faculty currently innovating with OEP, as well as the student experience of being engaged with OEP.
The Impact of Open Textbooks in the USA and South Africa: When? Why? How?OER Hub
These slides accompanied the OER Research Hub webinar "The Impact of Open Textbooks in the USA and South Africa: When? Why? How?" on 28 May 2014. Speakers: Megan Beckett (Siyavula), Beck Pitt (The Open University, OER Research Hub) and Daniel Williamson (OpenStax College). The session was chaired by Martin Weller (The Open University, OER Research Hub).
You can watch a recording of the webinar here: http://tinyurl.com/p926br2
Show & TEL Ethics & Technology-Enhanced Learning Robert Farrow
This presentation reviews the state of the art with respect to the use of artificial intelligence in education, reflecting on the ethical aspects and implications with particular reference to distance education.
Ramirez-Montoya (2020) recently presented a review of literature pertaining OER and educational innovation, noting that although definitions of openness vary across sectoral spaces, the crossover between openness and innovation is an area of increasing interest. A core part of the story of open educational resources is that they can be used to create spaces for innovation in teaching and learning (Orr et al., 2015; Pitt & Smyth, 2017; Weller et al., 2015). As Coughlan et al. (2018) argue, there has been a lack of detailed analysis of the specific function of OER as a driver of innovation, and a single model has not yet captured the multi-faceted relationship between openness and innovation.
This presentation will present an overview of several major theories of innovation as they relate to contexts of open education, making clear connections to open educational practice and showing how innovation theories can apply to OER. The presentation is likely to be of interest to practitioners wishing to have a stronger theoretical and practical understanding of how OER can support innovative practice.
• Task-Artefact Cycle (Carroll, Kellog & Rosson, 1991)
• The diffusion of innovations theory (Rogers, 2010)
• SAMR framework (Puentedura, 2006; Orr et al., 2015)
• Cyclic Innovation Model (Berkhout, 2007)
• Forms of innovation in OER (Coughlan, Pitt & Farrow, 2018)
This work contributes to the European Network for Catalysing Open Resources in Education (ENCORE+). ENCORE+ is a pan-European Knowledge Alliance funded under the Erasmus+ programme. The project will run from 2021 to 2023 to support the modernisation of education in the European area through OER.
Making MOOCs and changing open educational practicesROER4D
Making MOOCs and changing open educational practices
Laura Czerniewicz, Andrew Deacon, Sukaina Walji, Michael Glover
9 March 2017
Presentation at Open Education Global Conference 2017
Building the 21st Century OER EcosystemRobert Farrow
This presentation offers insights into realizing a European-wide OER Ecosystem. ENCORE+ (European Network for Catalysing Open Resources in Education, www.encoreproject.eu) is building a regional Ecosystem for OER, focused along four engaging circle communities on the following four topics: OER Technology, Policies & Practice, Quality and Innovation & Business Models. The initiative is open to anyone interested in furthering the implementation of the OER Recommendation.
The presentation will highlight results from a pan-European stakeholder survey on OER to give a state of play for the sector. The survey, due completed in September 2021, will be mapping the perceived value of using open educational resources, including its potential and current implementation. At the time of the conference, the project will have hosted two events, specifically events for the circle communities on Policies & Practice and Innovation & Business Models. Results and discussions from these two events will be shared with the Open Education Conference audience, giving an opportunity to continue the discussions after the presentation.
The collaborative community model, described as circle communities, is the ENCORE+ approach to engaging a wide range of stakeholders in and outside Europe. The community will be coming together to solve issues and catalyse change through identifying innovation potential, collaboration opportunities and in general increasing the awareness, implementation and potential of OER.
The presentation focuses on findings from research and circle community events on community needs, collaboration and innovation potential within OER. This will give the participants unique insights into real experiences of building a cross-sectoral, multistakeholder community for OER. The presentation will be split into shorter segments, giving broad insights into the ongoing work with the Ecosystem. Engagement with the audience, through available channels, during and after the presentation will give an opportunity for the participants to elaborate and discuss points of the presentation, including findings, and the ecosystem model overall.
https://opened21.sched.com/event/moQZ/building-the-21st-century-oer-ecosystem
Enhancing Research Communities Through Open Collaboration: The GO-GN Guide to...Robert Farrow
Research plays a key role in our understanding of open education, and is highlighted in the Recommendation on Open Educational Resources (OER) (UNESCO, 2019) as essential for describing the impact of open education; building awareness among key stakeholders; enhancing quality; and forming connections and communities.
The Global OER Graduate Network (GO-GN) is a network of PhD candidates and experts around the world whose research projects include a focus on open education. The Network has more than 300 global members who form a community of practice and support. GO-GN is currently funded through the OER programme of The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation and administered by the Open Education Research Hub from the Institute of Educational Technology at The Open University, UK.
One central aim for the Network is supporting research in the emergent area of open education, and our researchers are encouraged to explore openness as a research vector. The resources produced by the Network reflect this. Last year, GO-GN produced a well-received guide to Research Methods in Open Education (Farrow et al., 2020) which was recognised as a winner in the Open Education Awards for Excellence.
In 2021 GO-GN publishes a companion volume. The GO-GN Guide to Conceptual Frameworks (Farrow et al., 2021) again combines an accessible narrative and visual style with real-life insights gleaned from practising researchers who are using these theories, concepts and models in cutting edge work.
This presentation provides an overview of the new guide and the open, collaborative production process, emphasizing practical strategies for completing research projects. It will be of interest to anyone who conducts research and/or forms policy in the open education space, but particularly for doctoral level researchers.
Scoping: The GO-GN Guide to Conceptual Frameworks Robert Farrow
Slides from a webinar on the forthcoming GO-GN Guide to Conceptual Frameworks. This presentation discusses the rationale for a Handbook to guide doctoral students and reviews some literature on theories, theoretical frameworks, conceptual frameworks, models, and other constructs. This webinar is part of the scoping process for a forthcoming publication.
Open Education Research: Methodology Insights from the Global OER Graduate Ne...Robert Farrow
This session will present an overview of the Global OER Graduate Network research methods handbook. The handbook, published in 2020, was developed by members of the network who are doctoral and post-doctoral researchers in open education, and serves as a useful starting point for anyone wishing to do research in education with a focus on OER, MOOCs or OEP.
An accessible and brief description of the types of methods typically used in research into education and educational technology will be provided. Some of the contrasting philosophical, epistemological and ontological commitments of different research paradigms will be used to differentiate alternative methodologies. Theoretical perspectives will be outlined (but not fully explored).
State-of-the-art approaches will be explored and their relevance for open education explained. The presentation will use examples of current doctoral research to highlight the use of different methods, and will convey insights into using different methods as shared by the researchers. This includes reflections on using different methods, and advice for conducting similar work.
Finally, the presentation will offer up for discussion a provisional model of open scholarship including open practices (agile project management; directly influencing practice; radical transparency; sharing research instruments; social media presence; networks); open science (open access; open data; open licensing); digital innovation (HCI; data science; open source technologies); and normative elements (challenging dominant narratives; promoting social justice; and reducing barriers to educational access).
Reference:
Farrow, R., Iniesto, F., Weller, M. & Pitt., R. (2020). The GO-GN Research Methods Handbook. Open Education Research Hub. The Open University, UK. CC-BY 4.0. http://go-gn.net/gogn_outputs/research-methods-handbook/
Pathways to Learning: International Collaboration Under Covid-19Robert Farrow
The Recommendation on Open Educational Resources (OER) (UNESCO) emphasizes in its key aims the importance of (i) “developing the capacity of all key education stakeholders to create, access, re-use, re-purpose, adapt, and redistribute OER, as well as to use and apply open licenses in a manner consistent with national copyright legislation and international obligations” and (ii) “fostering and facilitating international cooperation [by] supporting international cooperation between stakeholders”.
Both these aspects were present in a recent open education research collaboration between The African Council for Distance Education and The Open University (UK). Pathways to Learning: new approaches in higher education (OpenLearn) hosted two free professional development programmes for university lecturers, instructional designers, technical and professional staff, managers, and heads of department who share responsibility for providing quality distance and online learning.
The evaluation of the Pathways to Learning project provides a great touchstone for reflecting on the kinds of agile, open collaboration that can build international capacity for OER projects and the communities that sustain them.
Critical issues in contemporary open education researchRobert Farrow
This presentation outlines some key considerations for researchers working in the fields of open education, OER and MOOC. Key lines of debate in the open education movement will be described and critically assessed. A reflective overview of the award-winning OER Research Hub project will be used to frame several key considerations around the methodology and purpose of OER research (including 'impact' and 'open practices'). These will be compared with results from a 2016 OER Hub consultation with key stakeholders in the open education movement on research priorities for the sector. The presentation will conclude with thoughts on the potential for openness to act as a disruptive force in higher education.
This presentation includes academic material on what constitutes a contribution in academic research. It is the result of inputs from several researchers - see presentation sources for more details and follow-up reading.
Theoretical or conceptual frameworks for dissertations or theses 2016DoctoralNet Limited
What is the difference between and usefulness of conceptual vs theoretical frameworks in research? These slides and the corresponding webinar considered each, testing our ideas and using them as a step towards the significance of our work?
This presentation, given on 30/9/20 to OpenEdColloquium20 at Nelson Mandela University, South Africa, highlights the GO-GN Research Methods Handbook. The Handbook provides a guide to research methodology for researchers working in the field of open education.
Development of conceptual framework in Nursing ResearchDhara Vyas
Conceptual Framework in Research
Conceptual framework: it is constructed by researcher’s own experience, previous research findings or conceps of theories and model
Conceptual Framework in Nursing Research
Developing Conceptual Framework
Types
Purposes
Health Belief Model
Health Promotional Model
Advantage of Conceptual Framework
Limitation of Conceptual Framework
Problems with the Framework
Research has been very interesting discipline to scholars and researchers for the past decades, but now new researchers and even final year students might find it difficult because their experience towards it may be very limited even thought they are expected to do and present their final project proposals. The fact remains that, research is so interesting and exciting subject, all you need is to be interested your area of research, select good topic and be ready to contribute.
A
D
M
I
N
I
S
T
R
A
T
I
V
E
I
S
S
U
E
S
J
O
U
R
N
A
L
:
C
O
N
N
E
C
T
I
N
G
E
D
U
C
A
T
I
O
N
,
P
R
A
C
T
I
C
E
,
A
N
D
R
E
S
E
A
R
C
H
12Grant & Osanloo
DOI: 10.5929/2014.4.2.9
a
UNDERSTANDING, SELECTING, AND INTEGRATING A
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK IN DISSERTATION RESEARCH:
CREATING THE BLUEPRINT FOR YOUR “HOUSE”
Cynthia Grant, PhD
University of Colorado-Denver
Azadeh Osanloo, PhD
New Mexico State University
The theoretical framework is one of the most important aspects in the research process, yet is often misunderstood by
doctoral candidates as they prepare their dissertation research study. The importance of theory-driven thinking and acting
is emphasized in relation to the selection of a topic, the development of research questions, the conceptualization of the
literature review, the design approach, and the analysis plan for the dissertation study. Using a metaphor of the “blueprint”
of a house, this article explains the application of a theoretical framework in a dissertation. Steps for how to select and
integrate a theoretical framework to structure all aspects of the research process are described, with an example of how to
thread theory throughout the dissertation.
Keywords: theoretical framework, dissertation, doctoral, academic writing, research methods
The dissertation is a labor of love requiring much work, sweat, and tears, as well as organization skills and extensive resources from others who are involved with the process. The final product is a document that one can recognize as a once-in-a-lifetime achievement. We liken this experience to the task of building your own home.
As any architect or contractor knows, prior to building a house, one must develop drawings called a blueprint for the
structure. A blueprint serves as a guide for all those who are involved in the construction of the home. The drawing
permits the foundation of the home to be built, and it dictates the overall floor plan of rooms, the flow of plumbing,
electrical, and mechanical systems—even the direction in which the house will face. Like housing construction, much
critical thinking and planning must be put into developing a blueprint for the dissertation. We believe the blueprint
is an appropriate analogy of the theoretical framework of the dissertation.
The theoretical framework is one of the most important aspects in the research process, and a component that is
often minimally covered in doctoral coursework. Iqubal described the struggle to identify and prepare the theoretical
framework for the dissertation as “the most difficult but not impossible part of [the] proposal” (2007, p.17). As
professors and dissertation committee members of doctoral students in the fields of education, policy, leadership,
curriculum and instruction, and social work, we have heard students express confusion, a lack of knowledge, and
frustration with the challenge of choosing a theoretical frame.
An introduction to Research Approaches in Higher Education for new or existing university teachers or academics interested in using research to inform their teaching.
An overview of design-based research, design experiments, educational design research. What it is, where it came from, and how to apply it to improve teaching and learning.
Open Education Research: Insights from the Global OER Graduate Network (GO-GN)Robert Farrow
This presents an overview of the Global OER Graduate Network (GO-GN) Research Methods Handbook. The aims of the GO-GN are:
- to raise the profile of research into open education,
- to offer support for those conducting PhD research in this area, and
- to develop openness as a process of research.
More than 100 doctoral and post-doctoral researchers form the core of the network with more than 200 experts, supervisors, mentors and interested parties forming a community of practice.
The Handbook was developed by members of the network who are researchers in open education, and serves as a useful starting point for anyone wishing to do research in education with a focus on OER, MOOCs or OEP.
To contextualise this approach, an accessible and brief description of the types of methods typically used in research into education and educational technology will be provided. Some of the contrasting philosophical, epistemological and ontological commitments of different research paradigms will be described. Theoretical perspectives will be outlined (though not fully explored).
The Handbook benefits from a range of illustrations (courtesy of Bryan Mathers) which are intended to make the Handbook more relatable and accessible. Reflections on the process of creating the visual journey will be shared.
Finally, the presentation will offer up for discussion a provisional model of open scholarship including open practices (agile project management; directly influencing practice; radical transparency; sharing research instruments; social media presence; networks); open science (open access; open data; open licensing); digital innovation (HCI; data science; open source technologies); and normative elements (challenging dominant narratives; promoting social justice; and reducing barriers to educational access).
Learning Outcomes:
- Delegates will benefit from an overview of research methods in open education
- Processes of open collaboration to produce a manuscript will be shared
- Supporting critical reflection on practice
Introduction to Learning and Teaching in Higher Education (Part 2)NewportCELT
This is Part 2 of the Introduction to the PGCert Developing Professional Practice in Higher Education run by the Centre for Excellence in Learning and Teaching at the University of Wales, Newport. This presentation was delivered by Rachel Stubley and Professor Simon Haslett in the afternoon of Monday 14th September 2009 on the Caerleon Campus of the University of Wales, Newport.
This essay is a Walden University course (EDUC-8102) assignment. It overviews the philosophy of research core concepts and other approaches to research. Philosophical frameworks include empiricism, scientific method, positivism, post-positivism, social constructivism, pragmatism, and advocacy liberatory. The document is written in APA format and includes references.
From Openness to Opportunity? Strategical Approaches to OERs Uptake and Use f...Robert Farrow
Presentation from Open Education Global 2023, held in Edmonton, Canada. This piece of research aimed to provide an up-to-date overview of the opportunities of OERs in business by conducting a set of interviews with relevant stakeholders during the course of the ENCORE+ Project (European Network for Catalysing Open Resources in Education). OERs-related value propositions and sustainability in business seem to be innovative oriented in light of the results. OERs clearly have a place in this space, though they are not adopting a central role in business processes.
https://oeglobal2023.sched.com/event/1S7iV/from-openess-to-opportunity-strategical-approaches-to-oers-uptake-and-use-from-business
This paper provides an update on activity in the innovation and business models strand of the ENCORE+ project. A range of business models that support or draw on open educational resources (OER) have been proposed. This paper reviews models that have been proposed (Tlili et al., 2020; Padilla Rodriguez et al., 2018; Belleflamme & Jacqmin, 2015; Ubachs & Konings, 2016; and Farrow, 2019) and suggests a synthesis into one typology of OER business models. The ENCORE+ OER Business Model Typology has been developed as part of a wider effort to understand and evaluate economically sustainable approaches to OER as well as to formulate OER value propositions for different stakeholders. In related work, a range of OER innovation case studies (N=48) are being prepared for publication. These illustrate different instances of innovation with OER and show how OER actors understand their value proposition to different audiences.
Open Education Research: Past, Present, FutureRobert Farrow
The Global OER Graduate Network (GO-GN, n.d.) supports doctoral research in open education around the world and currently has several hundred members who are doctoral/post-doctoral researchers and interested expert practitioners. In this presentation we offer some analysis of trends in research into open education, drawing on the data generated by GO-GN as well as other expert research. We provide an analysis of network activity and identify core areas for contemporary open education research, including open practice, OER as a discipline area, making connections between research clusters and the application of OER in non-traditional learning contexts. We also offer some reflections on the evolving nature of discourse around open education and the relation between research and practice, particularly around the themes of social justice and equity, diversity and inclusion.
Understanding OER, Innovation & Business ModelsRobert Farrow
The European Network for Catalysing Open Resources in Education (ENCORE+, n.d.) is a pan-European Knowledge Alliance funded under the Erasmus+ programme. The project is running from 2021 to 2023 to support the modernisation of education in the European area through open educational resources (OER). Participants will be presented with research and findings from the project, directly linked to enabling their work to be open, sustainable and innovative.
One project focus is understanding (and sharing) business models that use or integrate OER. The ENCORE+ Innovation Case Study Collection and Business Model Typology represent important advances in the self-understanding of open educators and collaboration partners (potential and existing).
Another ENCORE+ activity strand has audited innovation related behaviours for a range of organisations that use OER. OER is of course an innovation in teaching and learning practice, but the practices associated with using OER can themselves be a foundation for further innovation. This potential is often overlooked for being highly contextual or marginal to the key focus of OER initiatives, yet the culture of innovation that exists alongside many OER projects and in the practice of open educators is a key attraction for many working in the field.
More than OER innovation 40 case studies have been prepared and a selection of these will be presented with a critical commentary. Alongside this, the related evaluation framework is being shared on an open licence for others to use and better understand the role of innovation in their own OER practice.
These achievements build on various aspects of theoretical work conducted in the last two years (Farrow & Granly, 2021; Farrow, 2022) as well as a series of face-to-face and online stakeholder events conducted within the ENCORE+ network. Delegates will be in a position to benefit from what has been shared by the wider European OER community in locating and reflecting on their own practice.
Coughlan, T., Pitt, R. & Farrow, R. (2019). Forms of innovation inspired by open educational resources: a post-project analysis. Open Learning: The Journal of Open, Distance and e-Learning, 34:2, 156-175. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680513.2018.1552579
ENCORE+ (n.d.). European Network for Catalysing Open Resources in Education. https://encoreproject.eu/
Farrow, R. (2022). A Framework for Understanding Innovation with OER. Open Education Global 2022. Université de Nantes, France. https://pretalx.com/oeglobal2022/talk/QYVRCM/
Farrow, R. & Granly, J. (2021). Building the 21st Century OER Ecosystem. Open E
Sharing innovation practices around OER: theory, practice, examples and debatesRobert Farrow
This ENCORE+ Network Event focuses on Innovation & Business Models - preliminary results for the ENCORE+ OER Innovation Evaluation Framework and associated case studies are presented.
We will be taking a look at the results of more than two years of research and networking activity, including outcomes from the OER Innovation Survey; and desk research into the essential factors relating to OER innovation.
An expert panel provided responses and reflections, and looked ahead to a packed final year of ENCORE+ including our integration events and final conference.
ENCORE+: Your Place in the Open EcosystemRobert Farrow
The objective of this workshop is to give the participants an opportunity to imagine and recreate their work and business as Open. The workshop is focused on Open Educational Resources (OER), and on its applicability and benefit to business, innovation and technology in lifelong learning.
This workshop is designed to take the participants through a simulation experience, where each participant will imagine the business potential, innovation potential and technological changes available and possible for their work to be open (more open).
The workshop is facilitated by the European Network for Catalysing Open Resources in Education (ENCORE+). ENCORE+ is a European Commission funded project, aimed at establishing a European OER Ecosystem, for both academia and business.
The participants will be presented with research and findings from the project, directly linked to enabling their work to be open, profitable and innovative. Representatives from ENCORE+ business partners will showcase real-life examples of how OER is integral to their work and business as part of the introduction to the workshop.
The workshop is suited to all participants who are interested in OER, regardless of knowledge and experience with OER. The workshop is interactive, with practical simulation tasks guided by ENCORE+ facilitators and ENCORE+ OER research.
ENCORE+: The Open Educational Resources (OER) Innovation EcosystemRobert Farrow
Slides to accomany a workshop at the I-HE2022 Conference in Athens, Greece (Oct 2022). The slides provide an overview of the ENCORE+ project logic and theoretical perspectives on innovation through open education.
https://i-he2022.exordo.com/programme/presentation/75
Keynote presentation from the Association of Learning Technologists Annual Conference 2022. The ALT Framework for Learning Technology reflects the authentic need for ethical perspectives in an increasingly uncertain world. This presentation explores contemporary relationships between ethics and educational technology. There is an increasing ethical import associated with the rapid deployment of new and powerful and transformative digital technologies across society. Cutting edge technologies offer new possibilities for pedagogy, inclusion and access to learning, but are often implemented without their effects being fully understood. Learning technologists operate at the intersection of competing demands and interests along with their ethical complexities, often with little more guidance than a risk management checklist. Drawing on the history of online learning, philosophical ethics, critical theory and educational research, key examples of ethical issues will be explored and related to the FELT framework. It will be argued that the increasing need for ethical reflection requires dialogic and inclusive approaches which retain critical perspectives.
Presentation (with Eamon Costello) from the Global Smart Education Conference (The 6th International Conference on Smart Learning Environments), Beijing National University, China.
The presentation explores issues in AI driven learning systems and implications of machine learning approaches for inclusion and access to education.
The Future OER Ecosystem - On Building a Community for OER in EuropeRobert Farrow
Group presentation/workshop from Open Education Global 2022
The European Network for Catalysing Open Resources in Education (ENCORE+) project (2021-2023) is an Erasmus+ funded initiative which aims to raise awareness of open education, coordinate stakeholder and support new strategies for the proliferation of OER (https://encoreproject.eu/).
Although the Coronavirus pandemic and the resulting online ‘pivot’ increased opportunities for integrating OER into education and training, general awareness of open alternatives remains low. Many educators and learners have been in crisis mode, using whatever resources they can to fulfil their needs. While this can include OER, the demands put upon practitioners makes it hard to strategise and move systematically towards meeting the five action areas of the UNESCO OER resolution.
ENCORE+ is a coordinated European approach to strengthening the value of OER as a catalyst and multiplier. The goal is to move from a series of individual OER initiatives into a European OER Ecosystem. This will be done through addressing and contributing to European and International policy priorities, stimulating innovation in businesses through learning and training, supporting the modernization and digitalization of higher education in Europe, as well as bridging non-formal & formal education by advancing recognition of open learning.
ENCORE+ has established 4 thematic circle communities for OER in Europe on the thematic focus areas of OER Technology, Quality, Innovation & Business Models and Policies. The circle communities convenes and collaborate on issues related to the circle theme. The four communities will convene for its second round of circle events in the first week of May.
This workshop aims to take the content and discussions held within the 4 thematic circle communities in ENCORE+ to the global stage. This workshop marks halfway through the project, and the ENCORE+ team will share and discuss experiences, issues and solutions found with the delegates at the conference. The stakeholders of ENCORE+ is truly global, connecting international stakeholders from academia and business together into a collaborative OER Ecosystem solving challenges of education through OER.
Explicable Artifical Intelligence for Education (XAIED)Robert Farrow
The application of artificial intelligence in AI is increasing, but there is a growing awareness of the profound ethical implications which are presently undertheorised. The emerging consensus is that there needs to be adequate transparency and explicability for the use of algorithms in education. This presentation provides an overview of AI in education (AIED) and characterises the requirement for explicability as a response to the ‘black box’ of machine learning. It is argued that explicability should be understood as part of a wider socio-technical turn in AI, and that there is a strong case for implementing full transparency in AIED as a default position. Such transparency threatens to disrupt traditional pedagogical processes, and mediation strategies will be needed. There are also instances where non-transparency may be justifiable and in these examples processes for auditing and governance.
Guest lecture delivered to the Master of Leadership in Open Education programme at the University of Nova Gorica, Slovenia. An overiew of more than 10 years working on open education research projects is reviewed and the relation between research and policy explored. Responses are made to questions raised by students.
This presentation is licensed CC BY - any logos or other images are included under fair use or assumed public domain.
The future OER Ecosystem - On building a community for OER in EuropeRobert Farrow
The European Network for Catalysing Open Resources in Education (ENCORE+) project (2021-2023) is an Erasmus+ funded initiative which aims to raise awareness of open education, coordinate stakeholder and support new strategies for the proliferation of OER (https://encoreproject.eu/).
Although the Coronavirus pandemic and the resulting online ‘pivot’ increased opportunities for integrating OER into education and training, general awareness of open alternatives remains low. Many educators and learners have been in crisis mode, using whatever resources they can to fulfil their needs. While this can include OER, the demands put upon practitioners makes it hard to strategise and move systematically towards meeting the five action areas of the UNESCO OER resolution.
ENCORE+ is a coordinated European approach to strengthening the value of OER as a catalyst and multiplier. The goal is to move from a series of individual OER initiatives into a European OER Ecosystem. This will be done through addressing and contributing to European and International policy priorities, stimulating innovation in businesses through learning and training, supporting the modernization and digitalization of higher education in Europe, as well as bridging non-formal & formal education by advancing recognition of open learning.
ENCORE+ has established 4 thematic circle communities for OER in Europe on the thematic focus areas of OER Technology, Quality, Innovation & Business Models and Policies. The circle communities convenes and collaborate on issues related to the circle theme. The four communities will convene for its second round of circle events in the first week of May.
This workshop aims to take the content and discussions held within the 4 thematic circle communities in ENCORE+ to the global stage. This workshop marks halfway through the project, and the ENCORE+ team will share and discuss experiences, issues and solutions found with the delegates at the conference. The stakeholders of ENCORE+ is truly global, connecting international stakeholders from academia and business together into a collaborative OER Ecosystem solving challenges of education through OER.
A Framework for Understanding Innovation with OERRobert Farrow
Presentation on the ENCORE+ Project from Open Education Global 2022. The European Network for Catalysing Open Resources in Education (ENCORE+, n.d.) is a pan-European Knowledge Alliance funded under the Erasmus+ programme. The project is running from 2021 to 2023 to support the modernisation of education in the European area through open educational resources (OER).
OER are one of the great recent innovations in education and learning. OER leverage the benefits of digitalisation to extend equitable access to learning; provide new avenues for the distribution, adaptation and iteration of resources; and support innovation in pedagogy and collaboration. Innovating is a key part of how OERs are used, as resources are transformed for use in a new context. But because of the siloed way that reuse typically happens it can be hard for others to take advantage of the effective practice of others.
Developing general awareness of the potential of OER remains a challenge, and one route to this is to highlight cases of exceptional interest (along with identifying the enabling software and services; understanding drivers and enablers; and capturing the meaningful interactions between relevant stakeholders).
In line with its role supporting the OER ecosystem and acting as a hub for OER innovation, ENCORE+ has developed an OER Innovation Evaluation Framework. This toolkit draws on several predominant theories of innovation (Carroll, Kellog & Rosson, 1991; Puentedura, 2006; Rogers, 2003) as well as research into effective OER initiatives (e.g. Coughlan et al., 2019; Darwish, 2019) to present simple categories which can be used to consistently describe cases of interest.
This presentation will describe the background, inspiration and process for developing the Evaluation Framework (Farrow, 2021). Information will also be provided on ways participants can share their examples of innovation through the ENCORE+ network using the OER Innovation Evaluation Framework.
ENCORE+ Innovation and Business Models Circle 2Robert Farrow
Slides used in the delivery on an online discussion workshop for the ENCORE+ project including a brief introduction to the project and links to the outputs from group discussions
This presentation accompanied a face-to-face workshop at the OER22 conference where delegates were encouraged to brainstorm and interact around key themes and suggestions from the ENCORE+ project (https://encoreproject.eu/) regarding OER implementation, strategisation and improvement.
The European Network for Catalysing Open Resources in Education (ENCORE+) project (2021-2023) is an Erasmus+ funded initiative which aims to raise awareness of open education, co-ordinate stakeholder and support new strategies for the proliferation of OER (https://encoreproject.eu/). The UNESCO OER Recommendation (https://en.unesco.org/themes/building-knowledge-societies/oer/recommendation) sets out five areas for action:
Building the capacity of stakeholders to create, access, re-use, adapt and redistribute OER;
Developing supportive policy for OER;
Encouraging inclusive and equitable quality OER;
Nurturing the creation of sustainability models for OER; and
Promoting and reinforcing international cooperation in OER.
Although the Coronavirus pandemic and the resulting online ‘pivot’ increased opportunities for integrating OER into education and training, general awareness of open alternatives remains low. Many educators and learners have been in crisis mode, using whatever resources they can to fulfil their needs. While this can include OER, the demands put upon practitioners makes it hard to strategise and move systematically towards meeting the five action areas of the UNESCO OER resolution.
ENCORE+ proposes that we understand the strategizing of OER at the level of the ‘ecosystem’, emphasizing that while there are viable, established strategies for OER there is no integrated European OER university-business ecosystem able to identify, catalyse and share best practices. How can collaboration be encouraged? How can confidence in operational models which use OER be encouraged beyond the usual advocacy networks in higher education?
Following a short general introduction, this workshop is organised around the following 4 x 10 minute discussion areas, each of which reflects an activity area of ENCORE+.
Focus area 1: Bleeding edge technologies for OER integration
Focus area 2: New paradigms for OER quality
Focus area 3: Strategies and policies for OER uptake and integration
Focus area 4: Innovation, Business Models & Sustainability
In each focus area relevant results from the ENCORE+ project were briefly presented to support an inclusive plenary discussion.
Dialogue was facilitated and moderated by relevant experts from ENCORE+. Feedback and reflection was gathered through a 'World Cafe' approach designed around stakeholder interactions and perspective sharing.
This presentation summarises several theories of innovation; explaining their relevance and potential for open education in Europe. These frameworks are likely to be of interest to practitioners wishing to have a stronger theoretical and practical understanding of how OER can support innovative practice.
Ramirez-Montoya (2020) recently presented a review of literature pertaining OER and educational innovation, noting that although definitions of openness vary across sectoral spaces, the crossover between openness and innovation is an area of increasing interest. A core part of the story of open educational resources is that they can be used to create spaces for innovation in teaching and learning (Orr et al., 2015; Pitt & Smyth, 2017; Weller et al., 2015). As Coughlan et al. (2018) argue, there has been a lack of detailed analysis of the specific function of OER as a driver of innovation, and a single model has not yet captured the multi-faceted relationship between openness and innovation.
Several theories of innovation - including the Task-Artefact Cycle (Carroll, Kellog & Rosson, 1991); the "diffusion of innovations" (Rogers, 2010); the SAMR framework (Puentedura, 2006; Orr et al., 2015); the Cyclic Innovation Model (Berkhout, 2007); and the Forms of innovation in OER (Coughlan, Pitt & Farrow, 2018) - will be outlined and contextualised. These will be used to describe ways to think about innovation in the context of open education.
This presentation contributes to the European Network for Catalysing Open Resources in Education (ENCORE+, 2021), a pan-European Knowledge Alliance funded under the Erasmus+ programme. The project is running from 2021 to 2023 to support the modernisation of education in the European area through OER.
https://i-he2021.exordo.com/programme/presentation/28
The function of microcredentials for the Open UniversityRobert Farrow
This presentation explores the reasons for adopting and developing microcredentials, and whether they currently satisfy those intentions. This draws on the development of microcedentials at the UK Open University and the experience of the European Microcredential Consortium project.
As with many educational technology developments, the hype and rhetoric sometimes outstrips the reality of implementation. MOOCs, learning analytics, artificial intelligence and blockchain have all seen intense periods of projected possible benefits, before settling into a narrower range of actual usage and recognised benefits. Microcredentials are perhaps still in the initial phase of being a development without an evidence base of practical use to support their claims, but some clear intentions from institutions are emerging and initial evidence regarding their take up by learners suggests avenues for their continued deployment.
It should be noted that development of microcredentials is not a zero cost game. They are costly to develop, often requiring different sets of expertise and tools. There is also an associated opportunity cost in developing them, for the time and resource they demand is effort that could be used on other initiatives. So in adopting them, institutions need to be asking two fundamental questions: “Are microcredentials worth this cost?” and “Do microcredentials represent the best way to realise these aims?”
This presentation will explore the answers to these questions, drawing on the experience of the OU in developing a range of microcredentials for the FutureLearn platform and the Erasmus+ EMC project which is examining the adoption of microcredentials for work based learning.
https://i-he2021.exordo.com/programme/presentation/254
Pathways to Learning: Open Collaboration to Support the Online Pivot Robert Farrow
This presentation reports results of a recent open education research collaboration between The African Council for Distance Education and The Open University (UK). Pathways to Learning: new approaches in higher education (OpenLearn, 2020a) hosted two free professional development programmes for university lecturers, instructional designers, professional staff, and managers who share responsibility for providing quality distance and online learning.
• A Teacher Educator programme, Skills for 21st Century Learning and Teaching (OpenLearn, 2020b)
• A Tertiary Educator programme, Take Your Teaching Online (OpenLearn, 2020c)
The courses ran over six weeks between 13th July and 20th August, 2020, and was contextualized by a rapid rollout of online learning during the Coronavirus pandemic. The programmes combined a course of study using OER materials with supplementary activities including a total of 12 webinars and interactive events alongside use of new platforms created by The Open University’s Institute of Educational Technology: nQuire (Herodotou et al., 2018) and Our Journey (Coughlan et al., 2019).
Key findings:
• The pandemic led to a substantial shift in teaching across Africa and a requirement to better understand and gain experience of online learning. Change is likely to persist post-pandemic, although infrastructure and cultural barriers are reported.
• The project surveys, interviews and the data generated through interactions that occurred in the programmes explores challenges and opportunities for online and blended learning across the African continent and globally.
• The evaluation data provides evidence that the programmes led to important understanding of course design and confidence in online facilitation for a large majority of those who took part in them.
• There is evidence that the programmes built confidence, particularly through the experiences of these educators themselves learning online with well-designed materials, and engaging with platforms and experts.
• There is evidence that each of the elements and activities were appreciated by some learners. The open courses were seen as most useful alongside some webinars. Community events and forums added substantial value to these.
• The flexibility offered in the programmes led to different behaviours. Many aimed to complete all the available activities despite time pressures and other barriers. Some were unable to attend live events so recordings were appreciated.
• Given the courses were free to join and many educators faced barriers and pressures, retention figures were very positive with around 66% of those who took part in the first week completing the rest of these programmes.
• Assessment, Open Educational Resources (OER), and understanding of technologies that can be used for online learning and learning design were areas that learners reported as being particularly valuable.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
1. GO-GN Conceptual
Frameworks Guide
Dr. Robert Farrow
Open Education Research Hub
Institute of Educational Technology
The Open University, UK
rob.farrow@open.ac.uk
@philosopher1978
2. 2
01
Why a Conceptual Frameworks Handbook?
Rationale and concept
02
03
Conceptual Frameworks: Perspectives
What has been written about conceptual frameworks?
04
Use Cases and ‘Doctorateness’
Appropriate application of conceptual frameworks
05
Overview of Conceptual Frameworks
What’s in the Guide?
Introduction to GO-GN
Background on the Global OER Graduate Network and its
members
06
What’s next?
Next steps for GO-GN publications
07
Discussion
Critical reflections
08
Presentation & Style
Aiming for accessibility
4. 4
GLOBAL OER GRADUATE NEWORK
GO-GN started in 2013 as an initiative from Fred Mulder, UNESCO Chair in OER at the Dutch Open
Universiteit, in collaboration with Rory McGreal, UNESCO / COL Chair in OER at Athabasca
University (Canada).
GO-GN is currently funded through the OER programme of TheWilliam and Flora Hewlett
Foundation and administered by the Open Education Research Hub from the Institute of
Educational Technology atThe Open University, UK.
The aims of the GO-GN are:
• to raise the profile of research into open education,
• to offer support for those conducting PhD research in
this area, and
• to develop openness as a process of research.
More than 100 doctoral and post-doctoral researchers
form the core of the network with more than 200 experts,
supervisors, mentors and interested parties forming a
community of practice
6. 6
Farrow, R., Iniesto, F.,Weller, M.
& Pitt., R. (2020). The GO-GN
Research Methods Handbook.
7. 7
What’s next?
• A companion volume focused on
theoretical perspectives
• Future editions to include ongoing
input from researchers
• Expand to include discussion of
other research methods in open
education (e.g. textbook research;
COUP framework)
• Expand and refine presentation of
open research
• Build more detailed guidance for
research design
8. 8
What’s next?
• A companion volume focused on
theoretical perspectives
• Future editions to include ongoing input
from researchers
• Expand to include discussion of other
research methods in open education
(e.g. textbook research; COUP
framework)
• Expand and refine presentation of open
research
• Build more detailed guidance for
research design
9. 9
• A companion volume focused on
theoretical perspectives
• Collaborative, open practices
• Contributions from 20 researchers
• Overview of perspectives on
conceptual frameworks and their role in
research
• Testimony about using a range of
different frameworks in open education
research
• A range of tips and guides to best
practice
https://go-gn.net/project-outputs/
14. 14
Farrow, R. and Mathers, B. (2020).
Conceptualising Research Methodology for
Doctoral Researchers in Open Education (with
penguins). InternationalJournal of Management
and Applied Research,Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 349-359.
349-359. https://doi.org/10.18646/2056.73.20-025
18. 18
PROBLEM STATEMENT
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKS: PERSPECTIVES
““[P]roblematic for many students is the inability to articulate differences between
theory, theoretical framework and a conceptual framework for a proposed research
project” (Kivunja, 2018)
Ph.D candidates’ comprehension of conceptualising research
(Leshem &Trafford, 2007:104)
19. 19
1. No framework!
The reader cannot clearly understand the theoretical, conceptual,
assumptions that underlie a study
2. Inappropriate framework
The chosen framework does not align theories with data appropriately
3. Framework/data misalignment
Framework does not connect with the rest of the study
4. Imbalance between a framework and data
Big ideas, big concepts… but without the data to support them
5. Incomplete, superficial or inconsistent treatment of a framework
Inconsistency in theoretical focus
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKS: PERSPECTIVES
10 PROBLEMS WITH CONCEPTUAL/THEORETICAL FRAMING (CASANAVE & LI, 2005)
20. 20
10 PROBLEMS WITH CONCEPTUAL/THEORETICAL FRAMING (CASANAVE & LI, 2005)
6. Misinterpretation of a theory
Relying on buzzwords instead of developing a thorough understanding
7. Lip service
Using big names and big concepts without evidence of understanding
8. Attraction to popular theories
Popular theories still need to fit a study well
9. Conspicuous absence
Influential name or concept missing, suggesting failure to read widely
10.Methodology missing
Failure to explain underlying principles of inquiry; epistemological stance
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKS: PERSPECTIVES
21. 21
WHAT IS A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK?
“[W]hile personal interests and goals, social location and positionality, topical research, and
theoretical frameworks are what comprise a conceptual framework, we would never expect to see
them organized according to these elements. In finished form, a conceptual framework is organized
and expressed as an argument. Each step of that argument is a proposition justified by the topical
and/or theoretical literature.” (Ravitch and Riggan, 2017:13)
Conceptual frameworks are generally treated more flexibly than ‘theory’ and may be used to bring
together a range of different perspectives and ideas that are important to a research project.
• Because this is often highly contextual, there aren’t really any general rules that cover how to
create and/or use conceptual frameworks.
• Conceptual frameworks can bring together topical research and theoretical insights.
• Their value is in practical application rather than the most complicated / comprehensive approach.
Two fundamental approaches:
1. Conceptual framework as organising principle: operationalising and metacognising
2. Conceptual framework as part of a mesh of different ‘constructs’ used in research
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKS: PERSPECTIVES
24. 24
UNDERPINNING CONSTRUCTS
Passey (2020) instead sees conceptual frameworks as one possible perspective rather than the
defining or guiding point of orientation for other aspects of a study. Multiple ‘constructs’ might
be used for different purposes in a study
• Model – A model holds for a given case or stated population, arising from context-specific
context-specific research, often indicating main features of influence or contribution
• Conceptual Framework – Conceptual frameworks tend to be more flexible and descriptive,
descriptive, identifying factors or criteria that have influence on a particular field within the
more major features
• Theoretical Framework – A theoretical framework arises from outcomes beyond a single study,
a single study, based on one or more theories
• Theory -Theories consider a broader and deeper concern or context, suggesting the detail of
the detail of what might be more general, beyond a given context
Passey presents a stronger link between ‘constructs’ and epistemological and methodological
stance; the relationship between conceptual framework and method is ideally going to be close,
explicable and defensible.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKS: PERSPECTIVES
25. 25
UNDERPINNING CONSTRUCTS
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKS: PERSPECTIVES
Underpinning Description Examples
Model A model holds for a given case
or stated population, arising
from context-specific research,
often indicating main features
of influence or contribution
Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) (Davis, 1989)
Diffusion of Innovation (Rogers, 2003)
Pathways to Implementing Change (Corbett & Rossman,
1989)
Conceptual Framework Conceptual frameworks tend to
be more flexible and
descriptive, identifying factors
or criteria that have influence
on a particular field within the
more major features
Technological, Pedagogical and Content knowledge (TPACK) (Mishra &
& Koehler, 2006)
Discovery Learning (Bruner, 1961)
Experiential Learning (Kolb, 1984)
Theoretical framework A theoretical framework arises
from outcomes beyond a single
study, based on one or more
theories
Social Creative Constructivism (Passey, Dagien, Atieno &
Baumann, 2019)
Human Motivation (Maslow, 1943)
Theory Theories consider a broader and
deeper concern or context,
suggesting the detail of what
might be more general, beyond
a given context
Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology
(UTAUT) (Venkatesh, Morris, Davis & Davis, 2003)
Social Constructivism (Vygotsky, 1978)
Constructionism (Papert, 1986)
Behaviourism (Skinner, 1953)
Examples of forms of underpinning constructs (Passey, 2020:3)
27. 27
DECONSTRUCTING THE CONCEPT
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKS: PERSPECTIVES
Jabareen (2009) offers a post-structuralist account of ‘concepts’ as historical and
defined by their component parts and relation to other concepts.
A conceptual framework is here understood as a collection of linked concepts
which represents an interpretation of social reality.
28. 28
DECONSTRUCTING THE CONCEPT
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKS: PERSPECTIVES
Jabareen (2009) emphasizes the multivalent nature of conceptual frameworks
and sees this as a way to bring together important ideas from different
disciplines or sectors.
Jabareen’s response to the vagueness or ambiguity around conceptual
frameworks is to reserve them for qualitative attempts to draw an
understanding from several “texts” through a process of theorization.
29. 29
NETWORK ANALYSIS
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKS: PERSPECTIVES
An alternative approach is to take a more quantitative, neutral stance and
through data mining and analysis, allow a framework to emerge. One such
approach is to use citation or social network analysis (SNA).
Timeline Visualisation of Distance Education
(Bozkurt, 2019)
30. 30
NETWORK ANALYSIS
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKS: PERSPECTIVES
What these analyses have in common is that they do not impose a framework on the
literature, but rather allow one to emerge from the relationships between citations. (A
conceptual framework may also be applied to interpret the emergent structure, however.)
This technique can be used to provide quantitative support for claims about discourse over
time, or to describe how paradigms and practices evolve. One effective approach can be to
combine network analysis with more traditional analysis in order to triangulate or contrast
perspectives.
Examples: Bozkurt (2019); Dawson, Gašević, Siemens and Joksimovic (2014); Weller et
al. (2018)
31. 31
USE AN EXISTING FRAMEWORK, OR CREATE A NEW ONE?
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKS: PERSPECTIVES
33. 33
USE CASES AND ’DOCTORATENESS’
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKS
Leshem &Trafford (2007) see one of the main benefits of using conceptual frameworks
in doctoral research as introducing more granular and explicit descriptions into the
research process.This can include things like:
• modelling relationships between theories;
• reducing theoretical data into statements or models;
• explicating theories that influence the research;
• providing theoretical bases to design, or interpret, research;
• creating theoretical links between extant research, current theories, research
design, interpretations of findings and conceptual conclusions.
The research process is more focused and holistic when an effective conceptual
framework is in place.
Passey (2020) suggests that selecting a conceptual framework could be considered a
characteristic challenge of doctoral research
34.
35. Leshem &Trafford suggest that higher order cognition is required to
successfully navigate the process of moving through practical stages such
as the analysis and interpretation of data, and the conceptual level is
where the reflective and meta-reflective advances are made.
They present this metacognitive aspect as the essence of doctoral
learning which is explored in a viva: “doctoral candidates who raise their
levels of thinking beyond descriptive and content aspects of research will
increasingly display doctorateness” (Leshem &Trafford, 2007:102).
Conversely, research which produces data which is descriptive of some
phenomenon but doesn’t reflectively connect this to wider concepts
might be seen as failing to meet the standards expected.
USE CASES AND ’DOCTORATENESS’
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKS
36. Technical, practical and conceptual aspects of doctoral research
(based on Leshem &Trafford, 2007:103)
38. 38
OVERVIEW OF CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKS
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKS
ActivityTheory Equity Online Collaborative Learning
Big & Little OER Learning Analytics Online Engagement
Framework
Boundaries Linguistic Accessibility Open Educational Practices
Capability MOOC Accessibility PRAXIS Framework
Cathedral/Bazaar MOOC Learner-Centred
Outcomes
Rhizomatic Learning
Community MOOC Knowledge
Framework
Social Justice
Connectivism NetworkTheory Social Realism
COUP Framework OER Adoption TPACK Framework
Design Thinking OER Impact Unified Theory of Acceptance
and Use ofTechnology
(UTAUT)
Diffusion of Innovations OER Reuse Value Creation Framework
39. 39
ADDITIONAL THEORETICAL FRAMEWORKS
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKS
(Adapted from Mittelmeier (n.d.) on a CC BY licence.
https://internationalpedagogies.home.blog/potential-theoretical-frameworks/)
LearnerTransitions and Experiences – ecological systems theory; multidimensional
multidimensional transition theory; academic resilience; student engagement model;
liminality
Identity Development and Selfhood – student agency theory; identity theory; capability
theory; capability approach; possible selves; intersectional theory; critical race theory;
gendered radicalization
Pedagogies – critical pedagogies; engaged pedagogy; academic hospitality; Bernstein’s
hospitality; Bernstein’s pedagogic devices; transformative learning
Curricula – hidden curriculum; internationalization of curriculum; glocalisation; tourist
40. 40
ADDITIONAL THEORETICAL FRAMEWORKS
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKS
(Adapted from Mittelmeier (n.d.) on a CC BY licence.
https://internationalpedagogies.home.blog/potential-theoretical-frameworks/)
Learning – communities of practice; figured worlds; cultural-historical activity theory
activity theory
SociologicalTheories of Power - Bourdieu; Foucault; Gramsci
Decolonization / Postcolonialism – orientalism; subjugation; third space / hybridity;
hybridity; double consciousness
Mobilities – spatial theories; migration infrastructures
41. 41
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKS
Many thanks to everyone who contributed!
Suggested citation: Farrow, R., Iniesto, F.,Weller, M., Pitt., R., Algers,A., Baas, M.,
Bozkurt, A., Cox, G., Czerwonogora, A., Elias,T., Essmiller, K., Funk, J., Lambert, S.,
Mittelmeier, J., Nagashima,T., Rabin, E., Rets, I., Spica, E.,Vladimirschi,V. &Witthaus,
G. (2021). GO-GN Guide to Conceptual Frameworks. Open Education Research Hub.The
Open University, UK. CC-BY 4.0. http://go-gn.net/gogn_outputs/conceptual-
frameworks/