This power point presentation show the functions of water in the animal's body , its requirement and method to determine water in the body.

1. ROLE AND REQUIREMENT OF
WATER
Animal Nutrition Series

2. Functions of water-
 Water is ideal dispersing medium because of its solvent and
ionising powers.
 Due to high specific heat of water, It absorb the heat of cellular
reactions with minimum rise of temperature.
 Due to its high surface tension and dielectric constant, It
maintains the self integrity.
 Water is helpful in digestion, absorption and transport of
nutrients and excretion of waste product.
 As synovial fluid lubricate joint, cerebrospinal fluid and also helps
in hearing and seeing.
 Water softens hard feed and makes them palatable.
Water comprises about 70% of adult animal body and it is
observed that in 1/10th of its water loss animal may die (stated by
MAX RUBNER )

3. Requirement of water
Animal Water(Lit) DMI: Water consumption
Dairy cow 60L 1:6
Adult cattle and calf 30L 1:3
Sheep and goat 4-6L 1:4
Swine 6-8L 1:3
Poultry 250ml 1:2

4. Factors affecting water requirement
Biological factors- Species, Age, Breed, Sex, Body
weight, Productivity.
Environmental factors - Temperature and Relative
humidity.
Nature of feed- High crude fibre involve in excretion of
faeces with greater water content.
 Diet with high protein, fat, and mineral / salt increases
the water requirement and water intake.

5. Water absorption and excretion
Water is distributed 50% intracellular and 5%
extracellular and 15% as interstitial fluid.
 Water lost from body through respiration, evaporation
from skin, faeces and urine

6. Role of water in body temperature control
 In warm blooded animals constant temperature
maintained by heat production and heat outgo.
 The environmental temperature and amount of heat
produced in body are the factors that determine the
extent to which the heat to be conserve.
 The control is brought about by the flow to skin by
perspiration mechanism and by changing the breathing
rate through evaporation from lungs .
The heat escape through skin by conduction, convection
and radiation and by lungs through evaporation.

7. Effect of water deprivation
 In, man water deficiency up to 4-5% of body weight
there is discomfort and anorexia, In 6-10% headache,
lack of coordination in movement and speech become
indistinct, cyanosis may be noted.
In 12-14% eye become shrunken and skin become
shrivelled, inability to swallow and delirium.
In hot environment dehydration about 12% is fatal to
man.
Camel can loose water 20% of its BW without any side
effect.

8. Determination of water
 By drying
 Toluene method
 Dilution method
Source of water
 Feed
 Drinking water
 Metabolic / oxidative water

9. THANK YOU