- Total physical response (TPR) is a language teaching method developed by James Asher where instructors give commands in the target language and students respond with physical actions. It is an example of the comprehension approach, where listening and responding serves to recognize meaning and learn language structure implicitly. - There is a distinction between acquiring a language unconsciously like a first language and consciously learning a language. Acquisition involves natural communication while learning focuses more on form. - The silent period is a stage in second language acquisition where learners do not speak as there is often pressure on adults to communicate early on compared to children.

1. GLOSARIGLOSARI
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Mónica ÁlvarezMónica Álvarez
Almudena CalvoAlmudena Calvo

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TPR
• Total physical response (TPR) is a language teaching
method developed by James Asher. It is based on the
coordination of language and physical movement. In
TPR, instructors give commands to students in the target
language, and students respond with whole-body
actions.
• The method is an example of the comprehension
approach to language teaching. The listening and
responding (with actions) serves two purposes: It is a
means of quickly recognizing meaning in the language
being learned, and a means of passively learning the
structure of the language itself. Grammar is not taught
explicitly, but can be learned from the language input.
TPR is a valuable way to learn vocabulary, especially
idiomatic terms, e.g., phrasal verbs.

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Acquisition vs learning
• There is an important distinction made by linguists
between language acquisition and language learning.
Children acquire language through a subconscious
process during which they are unaware of grammatical
rules. This is similar to the way they acquire their first
language. They get a feel for what is and what isn’t
correct. In order to acquire language, the learner needs
a source of natural communication. The emphasis is on
the text of the communication and not on the form.
Young students who are in the process of acquiring
English get plenty of “on the job” practice. They readily
acquire the language to communicate with classmates.

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Silent Period
• The silent period, or preproduction, is a stage in second
language acquisition where learners do not attempt to
speak. Silent periods are more common in children than in
adult learners, as there is often more pressure on adult
learners to speak during the early stages of acquisition.
This can be due to communication demands such as a
language being necessary at work, or to mainstream
language teaching methods insisting on production from
the very start of instruction.

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Mother tongue
• Is the language a person has learned from birth or within
the critical period. Children brought up speaking more
than one language can have more than one native
language, and be bilingual.

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EFL
• Las Enlightenment Foundation Libraries (EFL) un son de
conjunto de bibliotecas Para El Desarrollo y la Integración
de Entornos Gráficos desarrollada y liderada Por Carsten
«Rasterman» Haitzler y apoyada Por El Grupo de
Desarrolladores del Proyecto Ilustración.
• Las EFL conforman la ONU de conjunto de bibliotecas
Gráficas,: Todas Dependientes Entre Si, Cuales
proporcionan Funciones Para El Despliegue de lienzo,
Manipulación de imagenes, redimensiones,
solapamiento, widgets, Manejo de fuentes, etc

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ESL
• A traditional term for the use or study of the English
language by non-native speakers in an English-speaking
environment. That environment may be a country in
which English is the mother tongue (e.g., Australia, the
U.S.) or one in which English has an established role

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Drills
• Disciplined, repetitious exercise as a means of teaching
and perfecting a skill or procedure.
• A task or exercise for teaching a skill or procedure by
repetition

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Approach
• The method used in dealing with or accomplishing: a
logical approach to the problem and a particular way of
thinking about or dealing with something.

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Phonics
• Phonics is a method for teaching reading and
writing of the English language by developing
learners' phonemic awareness—the ability to
hear, identify, and manipulate phonemes—in
order to teach the correspondence between
these sounds and the spelling patterns that
represent them.

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Digital literacy
• Refers to knowledge and skills in using traditional
computers (such as desktop PCs and laptops) with a
focus on practical skills in using software application
packages. Digital skills is a more contemporary term
but is limited to practical abilities in using digital
devices (such as laptops and smartphones). Digital
literacy differs from both of these terms in that it relates
to knowledge, skills, attitudes and behaviours in the use
of a broad range of digital devices such as wearables,
smartphones, tablets, laptops and desktop PCs, all of
which are seen as network (rather than computing)
devices.

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Literacy
• Literacy is the ability to read and write. Visual literacy also
includes the ability to understand visual forms of
communication such as body language, pictures, maps,
and video.

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Multiple Intelligencies
• The theory of multiple intelligences is a theory of
intelligence that differentiates it into specific (primarily
sensory) "modalities", rather than seeing intelligence as
dominated by a single general ability. Gardner
articulated seven criteria for a behavior to be considered
an intelligence. These were that the intelligences showed:
potential for brain isolation by brain damage, place in
evolutionary history, presence of core operations,
susceptibility to encoding (symbolic expression).

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Target language
• A systematic means of communicating by the use of
sounds or conventional symbols; "he taught foreign
languages"; "the language introduced is standard
throughout the text"; "the speed with which a program
can be executed depends on the language in which it is
written"