The document discusses modern trends in curriculum movement in Kerala, India. It outlines Kerala's efforts to develop the Kerala Curriculum Framework (KCF) in 2007, which was informed by the National Curriculum Framework of 2005. The KCF aims to create a progressive education system that promotes social justice, environmental awareness, citizenship, nationalism, and rights. It advocates for learner-centered methods that emphasize direct experience, cooperative learning, and developing inquisitiveness. The document also discusses teaching science in an integrated manner linked to real life and traditional knowledge, and ensuring inclusive, equitable education for all students.
Quest in Education ISSN0048-6434 January 2018VIBHUTI PATEL
We request authors to send their original research-based articles and book reviews on issues concerning education. As Quest in Education publishes peer-reviewed articles, the authors should be ready to wait for seeing their article in print.
The present paper seeks to explain the issues plaguing higher education in India against the backdrop of globalization and resultant demand for higher standard of quality education. While the demand for higher education has been growing, system has rendered itself as ill-equipped to meet the needs of different strata of society. To government, higher education receives a low priority. Short term measures such as hikes in course fee, appointing part time teachers, introducing paid and market oriented courses are being adopted by the government that in the long run defeat the very social objectives of higher education. In the era of globalization, states are more competitive and even more interdependent. Even the future of state is more dependent on the creation of new knowledge to suit its people in the discharge of their duties in administration, business and in all other areas. This possible if right to higher education is recognized as one of the individual and higher embraces the principle of equality
Quest in Education ISSN0048-6434 January 2018VIBHUTI PATEL
We request authors to send their original research-based articles and book reviews on issues concerning education. As Quest in Education publishes peer-reviewed articles, the authors should be ready to wait for seeing their article in print.
The present paper seeks to explain the issues plaguing higher education in India against the backdrop of globalization and resultant demand for higher standard of quality education. While the demand for higher education has been growing, system has rendered itself as ill-equipped to meet the needs of different strata of society. To government, higher education receives a low priority. Short term measures such as hikes in course fee, appointing part time teachers, introducing paid and market oriented courses are being adopted by the government that in the long run defeat the very social objectives of higher education. In the era of globalization, states are more competitive and even more interdependent. Even the future of state is more dependent on the creation of new knowledge to suit its people in the discharge of their duties in administration, business and in all other areas. This possible if right to higher education is recognized as one of the individual and higher embraces the principle of equality
Spatial Distribution Pattern of Public Lower Basic Schools for the Implementa...SalemAluu
This study examined the Spatial Distribution Pattern of Public Lower Basic Schools for the Implementation of Lower Basic Education in Rivers State. One research question guided the study. The descriptive survey design was used. The population for the study was the 942 public lower basic schools in Rivers State. Stratified random sampling technique was used to draw the sample size of 289 schools. A handheld Global Positioning System receiver was the instrument used for the study. Nearest neighbour analysis was used to answer the research question. Findings revealed that the overall pattern of distribution of existing public lower basic schools in Rivers State is clustered. Specifically the distribution of schools in Degema and Akuku-Toru Local Government Areas is dispersed with Rn of 1.72 and 1.36 respectively. The pattern of distribution of Bonny, Opobo/Nkoro, Abua/Odual, Port Harcourt, Obio/Akpor and Ikwerre indicates a clustered pattern with Rn of 0.91, 0.83 0.84, 0.74, 0.72 and 0.24 respectively. The study therefore recommended among other things that the state governments should make policies that guide school mapping and ensure their strict compliance.
Comparative Analysis of Higher Education Policy in Large System CountriesLuciano Sathler
File made available by British Council at http://www.britishcouncil.org.br/sites/britishcouncil.br/files/a_comparative_analysis_challenges_and_opportunities_for_large_higher_education_systems.pdf.
Equality and Equity-Definition and Difference between Equality and Equity.SANA FATIMA
SOCIOLOGY OF EDUCATION-TOPIC-EQUALITY AND EQUITY
Concept of Equality:
Constitutional Provisions for Equality:
Indian Constitution and the Role of Government at various Levels
Equalization of Educational Opportunities among SC, ST, Girls, and Differently Abled:
Objectives of Equalization of Educational Opportunities for the SC/ST Students
Equalization of Educational Opportunities among Girls:
Equalization of Educational Opportunities among Differently Abled
Recommendations of the NPE 1986 on Equal Opportunity of Disabled Children:
Equity: Measures taken by Central and State Government in the Equalization of Opportunities:
Measures to Equalize Educational Opportunity:
Higher Education: Challenges and Prospectsritimoni
Higher education in India: Challenges and prospects. Role of higher education, higher education and sustainable development, HE and human capital formation, challenges prevalent behind ensuring a knowledge society etc
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The Journal will bring together leading researchers, engineers and scientists in the domain of interest from around the world. Topics of interest for submission include, but are not limited to
Education in Jammu and Kashmir Issues and ChallengesYogeshIJTSRD
Education is the main instrument for the development and prosperity of any nation. It is the process through which the society deliberately transmits its cultural heritage, knowledge, values and skills from one generation to other generation. Education plays a key role in the process of social mobility of an individual. Many sociological studies have shown that education is a powerful factor in bringing about change in society. Education has contributed to the destiny of the societies in each and every area of development. The education system in Jammu and Kashmir is not in a good condition and has become total failure on the part of authorities, teachers, students and society. The education system is not progressing at a pace when compared to other Indian states. Faulty education system has created a lot of problems affecting the students and society at large. Against the national literacy rate of 74.04 Jammu and Kashmir has a literacy figure of 68.74 .The current paper deals with the historical background of education, present status of education sector in Jammu and Kashmir and highlights the problems and challenges of education in Jammu and Kashmir. The investigator also suggests suitable measures and recommendations to improve the education system in Jammu and Kashmir. Tawheed Lateef Rather | Mohd Aamier Malik "Education in Jammu and Kashmir: Issues and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38734.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/38734/education-in-jammu-and-kashmir-issues-and-challenges/tawheed-lateef-rather
This project seeks to promote edge species which will be used to assess impact on species succession and eventually serve as a means of evaluating and monitoring the success of reclamation.
The focus of this project is on the boundary that lies between the quarry site and the nearby vegetation. Such boundaries are mostly very contrasting in terms of vegetation and the distribution of biodiversity. There is an immediate move from a vegetation zone to a totally degraded area, whereas in nature, mostly there is a gradual change form one habitat to the other. The sudden change in environment limits the movement of organisms as well as discourages species adaptation to degradation hence the drastic effect on species compositions. Our aim is to reduce the contrast between these two environments by looking at the biodiversity in flora and fauna at the quarry site and devising strategies to vegetate the edge and increase biodiversity at the edge.
This project will create a more stable environment for movement of organisms between the two distinct habitats, such as insects which are essential in the process of ecological succession. The vegetated edge will provide bases for the start of ecological succession at the point of reclamation. Selected bio-indicators in various taxanomic groups such as birds, insect and mammals with specialized niches will serve as a tool for measuring the success of reclamation in the future.
The project won the 1st Prize in National Quarry Life Award in 2014 in Indonesia.
Read more: http://www.quarrylifeaward.com/project/discovering-biodiversity-loen-quarry
Spatial Distribution Pattern of Public Lower Basic Schools for the Implementa...SalemAluu
This study examined the Spatial Distribution Pattern of Public Lower Basic Schools for the Implementation of Lower Basic Education in Rivers State. One research question guided the study. The descriptive survey design was used. The population for the study was the 942 public lower basic schools in Rivers State. Stratified random sampling technique was used to draw the sample size of 289 schools. A handheld Global Positioning System receiver was the instrument used for the study. Nearest neighbour analysis was used to answer the research question. Findings revealed that the overall pattern of distribution of existing public lower basic schools in Rivers State is clustered. Specifically the distribution of schools in Degema and Akuku-Toru Local Government Areas is dispersed with Rn of 1.72 and 1.36 respectively. The pattern of distribution of Bonny, Opobo/Nkoro, Abua/Odual, Port Harcourt, Obio/Akpor and Ikwerre indicates a clustered pattern with Rn of 0.91, 0.83 0.84, 0.74, 0.72 and 0.24 respectively. The study therefore recommended among other things that the state governments should make policies that guide school mapping and ensure their strict compliance.
Comparative Analysis of Higher Education Policy in Large System CountriesLuciano Sathler
File made available by British Council at http://www.britishcouncil.org.br/sites/britishcouncil.br/files/a_comparative_analysis_challenges_and_opportunities_for_large_higher_education_systems.pdf.
Equality and Equity-Definition and Difference between Equality and Equity.SANA FATIMA
SOCIOLOGY OF EDUCATION-TOPIC-EQUALITY AND EQUITY
Concept of Equality:
Constitutional Provisions for Equality:
Indian Constitution and the Role of Government at various Levels
Equalization of Educational Opportunities among SC, ST, Girls, and Differently Abled:
Objectives of Equalization of Educational Opportunities for the SC/ST Students
Equalization of Educational Opportunities among Girls:
Equalization of Educational Opportunities among Differently Abled
Recommendations of the NPE 1986 on Equal Opportunity of Disabled Children:
Equity: Measures taken by Central and State Government in the Equalization of Opportunities:
Measures to Equalize Educational Opportunity:
Higher Education: Challenges and Prospectsritimoni
Higher education in India: Challenges and prospects. Role of higher education, higher education and sustainable development, HE and human capital formation, challenges prevalent behind ensuring a knowledge society etc
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The Journal will bring together leading researchers, engineers and scientists in the domain of interest from around the world. Topics of interest for submission include, but are not limited to
Education in Jammu and Kashmir Issues and ChallengesYogeshIJTSRD
Education is the main instrument for the development and prosperity of any nation. It is the process through which the society deliberately transmits its cultural heritage, knowledge, values and skills from one generation to other generation. Education plays a key role in the process of social mobility of an individual. Many sociological studies have shown that education is a powerful factor in bringing about change in society. Education has contributed to the destiny of the societies in each and every area of development. The education system in Jammu and Kashmir is not in a good condition and has become total failure on the part of authorities, teachers, students and society. The education system is not progressing at a pace when compared to other Indian states. Faulty education system has created a lot of problems affecting the students and society at large. Against the national literacy rate of 74.04 Jammu and Kashmir has a literacy figure of 68.74 .The current paper deals with the historical background of education, present status of education sector in Jammu and Kashmir and highlights the problems and challenges of education in Jammu and Kashmir. The investigator also suggests suitable measures and recommendations to improve the education system in Jammu and Kashmir. Tawheed Lateef Rather | Mohd Aamier Malik "Education in Jammu and Kashmir: Issues and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38734.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/38734/education-in-jammu-and-kashmir-issues-and-challenges/tawheed-lateef-rather
This project seeks to promote edge species which will be used to assess impact on species succession and eventually serve as a means of evaluating and monitoring the success of reclamation.
The focus of this project is on the boundary that lies between the quarry site and the nearby vegetation. Such boundaries are mostly very contrasting in terms of vegetation and the distribution of biodiversity. There is an immediate move from a vegetation zone to a totally degraded area, whereas in nature, mostly there is a gradual change form one habitat to the other. The sudden change in environment limits the movement of organisms as well as discourages species adaptation to degradation hence the drastic effect on species compositions. Our aim is to reduce the contrast between these two environments by looking at the biodiversity in flora and fauna at the quarry site and devising strategies to vegetate the edge and increase biodiversity at the edge.
This project will create a more stable environment for movement of organisms between the two distinct habitats, such as insects which are essential in the process of ecological succession. The vegetated edge will provide bases for the start of ecological succession at the point of reclamation. Selected bio-indicators in various taxanomic groups such as birds, insect and mammals with specialized niches will serve as a tool for measuring the success of reclamation in the future.
The project won the 1st Prize in National Quarry Life Award in 2014 in Indonesia.
Read more: http://www.quarrylifeaward.com/project/discovering-biodiversity-loen-quarry
After mining activities, the process of natural succession begins and plant communities which differ from the surrounding vegetation start to grow. Re-vegetation accelerate the development of soil processes in the quarries. The study of this vegetation and soil cover will help to develop ways for the remediation of man-made landscapes. The project studies an important scientific and technical issue about anthropogenic habitats, in which vegetation was completely removed.
The project won the 1st Prize in National Quarry Life Award in 2012 in Kazakhstan.
Read more: http://www.quarrylifeaward.com/project/rehabilitation-topsoil-production-induced-landscapes
Designing+constructing a geo-ecology and education nature trail at the quarry.
With this trail visitors get an insight of bedrock, soil, terrain shaping, water, climate, vegetation, fauna in correlation between primary origin of the Coastal Mountains (Cordillera+Wrangellia) also as the formation of the inlets and Vancouver Island. Important is an advice+link to the coastal climate+Cold Rain Forest.
The Trail passes geological and ecological spots (such as a few of the bedrock/soil bedding+different rock types) and shows+explains the visitors the realized reconstruction of the rain forest+habitat projects done by the company.
If possible the trail will pass an original part of the Cold Rain Forest to show the nature before the mining started. The trail will be designed after an inspection of the quarry terrain and in cooperation with the Geology Dep. at the University of B.C.,Vancouver. Students will be integrated (course achievement) to design the route and prepare relevant information for visitors.
A container at the entrance of the quarry is used as the starting point and there is a general introduction and safety advice. Visitors get helmet and reflective vests there.
The project won the 1st Prize in National Quarry Life Award in 2014 in North America.
Read more: http://www.quarrylifeaward.com/project/designing-geo-ecology-and-education-nature-trail
Areas after exploitation, arising out of mining processes, are interesting examples of anropogenetic habitat, which can be used by some rare species of amphibians and reptiles. As part of our project we did a comprehensive inventory focused on these groups of animals and we will specify which species are present in the quarry and select the best habitat for them. We hope to confirm the presence of smooth snake - a rare and very interesting species of snake. For this purpose we will appear regularly in the quarry to conduct field work.
The knowledge gained in this way allows us to elaborate a detailed plan and methods to protect and enhance the biodiversity of the mine area after the cessation of its activities. We want our research to help in the efficient reclamation in the future. The last important step will be creating the educational publications, regarding the need and methods of protection of amphibians and reptiles that advertises biodiversity of the Limestone Quarry “Górażdże”, which will be addressed to a wide range of people, especially children and youth.
The project won the Grand Prize of the Quarry Life Award 2014
Read more: http://www.quarrylifeaward.com/project/comprehensive-inventory-herpetofauna-limestone-quarry-gorazdze-particular-emphasis-rare
an application for monitoring and evaluation business proses in managing learning operational, supporting for information system, analizing and decission support system
Zheltokamenka quarry, with an active mining area of 82 hectares, has about 40 hectares of slope surfaces remaining after the extraction of limestone. Actual problem is the lack of suitable technologies for increasing biodiversity in such areas. Our project aims at formation of mobile biodiversity-enriched plant communities that are integrated into appropriate niches on the steep slopes of limestone quarries. Our approach is based on the technology of vertical farming, widely used in architecture. We propose to use microcommunities including rare plant species adapted to the harsh conditions of rocky walls without further support from people. "Green Wall" will consist of communities, planted on the shelves of quarry steep slopes.
This technology will trigger local villagers to perceive ""green walls"" of the quarry as an oasis in the mining lands, and not as destructed space for garbage dumping.
The project won the 1st Prize in National Quarry Life Award in 2014 in Ukraine.
Read more: http://www.quarrylifeaward.com/project/green-wall-project-proekt-zelenaya-stena
The project’s aim is to promote the ecological education among school students and local people of Slatsy settlement by attracting them to the territory of the quarry. To make the process both interesting and useful they will be involved into a quest around the territory of the quarry. The main idea is to get people to learn more on biodiversity by playing and by arranging social activity like a photo exhibition, picture contest, designing of the ecology board game. The “Pechurki” quarry is going to be flooded as a part of the recultivation process; we propose to divide the area into two zones, one of which will be unavailable for humans to provide the place for mammals, birds, fish and other species common for the region. The other zone will be a good place to watch the animals from arranged watching stations.
The project won the International contest of the Quarry Life Award 2014 in the category “Biodiversity and Education”
Read more: http://www.quarrylifeaward.com/project/youth-view-quarry-nature
NEP 2020 recognizes that the vocational education is perceived to be inferior to mainstream education. Hence, this policy aims to overcome the social status hierarchy associated with vocational education and requires integration of vocational education programmes into mainstream education in all education institutions in a phased manner. Towards this, secondary schools will also collaborate with ITIs, polytechnics, local industry, etc. Skill labs will also be set up and created in the schools in a hub and spoke model which will allow other schools to use the facility.
Improving the quality of education across all levels from primary to university level is a continuous and ongoing process. Several initiatives are currently being undertaken in this direction. The SamagraShiksha, an integral scheme for School Education as a Centrally Sponsored Scheme is being implemented and aims to ensure inclusive and equitable quality education at all levels of school education. It envisages the ‘school’ as a continuum from pre-school, primary, upper primary, secondary to senior secondary levels.In higher education also, various schemes, namely, RashtriyaUchchatarShikshaAbhiyan (RUSA), Scheme for promotion of Academic and Research Collaboration (SPARC), Global Initiative for Academics Network (GIAN), Impacting Research, Innovation & Technology (IMPRINT), Technical Education Quality Improvement Programme (TEQIP), Study Webs of Active-Learning for Young Aspiring Minds (SWAYAM), National Digital Library, campus connect programme, UchhatarAvishkarAbhiyan, Unnat Bharat Abhiyan, Impactful Research in Social Sciences (IMPRESS), Atal Ranking of Institutions on Innovation Achievements (ARIIA), National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) are being implemented to improve the quality of higher education. A number of initiatives are also undertaken by UGC and AICTE for quality improvement in higher and technical education.
Unlocking Potential: The Vital Importance of Education in Societyhussanisoyat
Education serves as the cornerstone of societal progress and individual empowerment. It is the key that unlocks doors to opportunity, ignites curiosity, and cultivates critical thinking skills. In this article, we delve into the multifaceted importance of education in society, exploring its impact on economic development, social mobility, and personal growth.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
1. MANNAM FOUNDATION CENTRE FOR
EDUCATION TECHNOLOGY
PORUVAZHY, EDAKKADU, KOLLAM
2014-2015
ONLINE ASSIGNMENT
Submitted to Submitted by
Rintu Chacko Saranya T S
Natural Science Natural Science
Reg. No: 18114373023
Submitted on
19 – Sep- 2015
3. INDEX
Sl
No:
Contents Page No:
1 Introduction 4
2 National curriculum framework 5
3 The vision on the future society 6
4 Aims of education 7-9
5 The Method of learning 9-10
6 Learning science 11-12
7 Conclusion 13
8 Reference 14
4. INTRODUCTION
Kerala views education as a crucial pat for shaping
its future. To face the challenges of the present-day world,
we have to envision a progressive and comprehensive
education system. However, a close look a society indicates
the existence of a section of people who have an intense
desire to gain social and financial supremacy. Another group
is striving hard to free itself from the clutches of poverty and
procure the basic necessities of life. For attaining a balanced
development that aims at common good, it is essential to
place common interest over personal interest. It is in this
context that the wider meaning of democracy, secularism
and social justice gains ground.
Kerala’s effort to develop a curriculum framework is a
turning point in the history of the state. It is for the first time
that the state is making such an exercise and it is rooted on
the ideas articulated in the National Curriculum Framework
(NCF) -2005. Whenever curriculum reforms were taken up at
the national level, the state responded to them in the past.
However, the state’s curriculum reform effort gained further
impetus with the formulation of the National Curriculum
Framework (NCF) -2005. NCF-2005 and the position papers
provided grounds for introspection and formulation of the
Kerala Curriculum Framework (KCF) -2007.
5. National Curriculum Framework -2005 and Kerala
Kerala society by and large recognized the relevance of the
new curriculum initiated by the state in 1997. NCF-2005 gives
us deeper insight to address the problems Kerala encounters
in the present educational scenario. NCF-2005 has
incorporated the theoretical, ideological and historical
approach that we had assimilated in our curriculum. This
could be treated as a sign of recognition to Kerala’s vision of
education.
Our classrooms in the past reflected the features of an
undemocratic power structure. The prevailing classrooms
practices then promoted the culture of passive listening.
They were dominated by the voice of the teacher and the
learners did not have an opportunity to raise questions or
enquire. On the other hand, the new curriculum gives the
learner more space than ever before for co-operative and
collaborative learning. The rights of the learners have been
recognized and the crucial role of learners in acquiring
knowledge has been established. This paved the way for
creating a democratic atmosphere in classrooms. Thus, the
construction of knowledge and its social dimensions have
become complementary.
6. The Vision On The Future Society
Reforms in education need to be formulated in tune with the
vision of our society. We need to create a future society that
ensures creative and collective involvement of all people.
This is based on progressive ideas, lessons learned and
experiences gained. Discrimination based on caste, creed,
financial status and gender does not find any place in such a
society. We dream of building a society that:
Values nationalism, self sufficiency, cultural identity,
democratic rights and principles.
Focuses on the welfare of the poor and the
downtrodden and highlights a development model that
utilizes resources in order to get the best results.
Envisions a social system that taps human energy for
sustainable development.
Ensures collective and co-operative efforts of all. A
society that provides for a justifiable and effective
distribution of wealth.
Accepts knowledge as wealth for all and realizes quest
for knowledge and critical thinking as the foundation for
the construction of knowledge.
Fights against discrimination towards historically and
socially marginalized sections of the society and accords
equal status to both men and women.
7. Aims Of Education
While formulating the aims of education of the state, we
must envision a society that is capable of nurturing and
strengthening the democratic and secular nature of India.
Such a society envisages an educational system that provides
for the fullest development of all without him/her the
perception that his/her prosperity results in the prosperity of
his/her family as well as the society he/she is a part of. In
such a society the aims of education (should cover) can be
stated as:
Social justice
The education system that is envisaged should be capable of
promoting a social order based on equality and justice. This is more
so when we think of the liberation of a society where disparities in
terms of religion, caste, wealth, gender and region exist. Education in
such a society should health in building up a culture of living
coexistence.
Awareness on environment
A comprehensive awareness on the need to protect
environment is the need of the hour. Keeping in mind
the vision of sustainable development, we need to
develop an attitude in our learners to see meaning in all
developmental activities in tune with the environment.
They should also develop a sense in preserving all
8. available resources in nature and to utilize them
judiciously.
Citizenship
There is a need for empowering each child to grow
up and develop as a responsible citizen of the society.
The civic sense should ideally include historical
awareness and a balanced political vision.
Nationalism
Creating a generation upholding nationalism rooted in
a universal vision is the need of the times. Human
progress and universal love form the basic dimensions
of such a vision. While recognizing the plurality of Indian
society the nationalistic vision should help in capturing
the meaning of unity and diversity.
Awareness of one’s rights
Realizing the rights accorded to every individual by
our constitution is of great significance. Education needs
to actualize the rights ensured in our constitution and
also the rights enumerated in UN conventions on
children’s rights (CRC Convention on the Rights of
Children), women’s rights (CEDAW- the Convention on
the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against
Women) and human rights (UNCHR- United Nations
Commission on Human Rights). All children need to
develop an awareness of one’s own rights and the rights
of others.
9. Awareness of science and technology
All learners should get opportunity to acquire current
developments in the field of science and technology and
apply the same in real life situations. They need to
enrich their knowledge and skills in tune with such
developments. The process of education should have
scope for this.
The Method Of Learning
A curriculum that favors construction of knowledge
becomes the focus today. At the primary level stress is placed
on direct experience. He/she should analyze his/her learning
experiences and arrive at certain conclusions. When there is
a scope to provide direct experience, descriptive approach or
a visual presentation using technology need not attempted.
The experience provided should give importance to sensory
perceptions and co-operative learning. Teachers are part of
the learning process and this process should be enriched with
creative activities including games. Each learning instance
should have space for values and attitudes. The learner must
be enabled to interact with everyone in a democratic manner
without any kind of discrimination. Right from the lower
classes all the learning activities must focus on developing
the inquisitiveness of the learner. Experiences and
observations of the adult should be appropriately blended
10. with the observations of the child who is engaged in
investigative learning.
During this period it is advisable for all learners to gain
experience as apprentice. For this, job clusters are created at
the Block Level and quality training centers are recognized
and authorized to impart training. Learners will be given
opportunity to get trained vocations that are useful to
society such as draftsmen, farmers, dairy farmers,
horticulturists, plumbers, architects, electricians, automobile
repairers, mechanics, computer hardware technicians,
repairers of electronic equipments and mobile phones, lab
technicians, community workers, carpenters, hotel
managers, caterers, cooks, masons, sculptors etc. at different
training centers. Along with the higher secondary certificate,
there will be certification on the skill of the learner in any
particular vocation. On completion of higher secondary,
those who opt for academic pursuit can continue in their
respective discipline while for those who seek job, the
certificate will give scope for employment.
11. Learning Science
During the primitive period of life, human beings
explored the world around them through physical
interactions, using sensory organs and intellect. They
observed their surroundings and analyzed what they
perceived. Physical, intellectual and social interactions with
nature helped them to generated knowledge and
appropriate tools as well. Later, the knowledge and tools
thus constructed socially is termed Science and its
applications, technology. These developments helped in the
survival of human beings. It is the responsibility of the society
to hand over the knowledge and tools thus generated to the
next generation. While handing over the wealth of science to
the next generation, it is important that the following ideas
are considered:
Science cannot be viewed as a finished product.
Knowledge is constructed through experience. The
process-oriented method of learning helps the learner
construct new forms of knowledge
Concepts and ideas in science that the learner
constructs should have linkage with real life situations
Considering the nature of content, science is organized
in terms of Physics, Chemistry and Biology. This form of
organization does not help in understanding how things
exist or events occur in the universe. It fails to provide a
12. comprehensive understanding of how science is
integrally linked to different spheres of life. What we
need in this context is an integrated idea of science. It is
desirable to branch of Science as different subjects for
in-depth study at higher levels.
The prevailing dichotomy of theory and practice needs
to be replaced by creating opportunity to form theory
based on practical experience.
Every society has its own traditional form of knowledge.
Such knowledge needs to be analyzed scientifically and
what is acceptable should be interrelated with the realm
of modern science.
By interacting with the society, a child develops a
variety of notions about the nature of science. The
supremacy of science and the perfection of scientific
theories form a part of this. The personal experience of
the learner through suitable learning activities provides
him/her proper awareness on this. A mere learning of
scientific ideas and theories will not enable the leaner to
understand the nature of science.
13. CONCLUSION
Every child has a right to quality education. There
should be no discrimination in terms of economic, social,
linguistic or gender-specific status that prevents the child
from gaining access to education. The limited facilities that
are available should not prevent the learner from getting
access to quality education. The argument that facilities and
opportunities that make learning easy must be provided at
school has relevance in this context. The added facilities and
learning times that are extended to be learner at school
should be seen as an initiative for justice towards the poor
and needy. Likewise, physical challenges should not act as a
hindrance to the child in utilizing the facilities at school. To
overcome the physical challenges, appropriate material
support may be provided. The school must cater to the needs
of such learners. Inclusive education should be given
maximum priority. Girls need to get more opportunities at
school just as they do at home and in the society around
them. The marginalized sections of the society should be
given education that helps them conserve there cultural
identity and linguistic originality. Curriculum should be
flexible enough to accommodate these aspects.