2. Total Physical Response
(TPR)
A teaching technique whereby a learner (usually
young learner) responds to language input with
body motions.
Is a language teaching method developed by
James Asher. It is based on the coordination of
language and physical movement. In TPR,
instructors give commands to students in the
target language, and students respond with
whole-body actions.
3. Language Acquisition
vs.
Language Learning
Teachers of English language learners should
really be developing the oral communication,
reading, vocabulary, and writing skills of their
young students.
4. Silent Period
The first stage of the language acquisition
process is called “The Silent Period” simply
because the students aren’t doing much talking
yet. In some learners this period may be shorter
or longer, ranging between 2 to 6 months,
though it may take much longer too, depending
on the exposure to the foreign language that the
learner has.
The main characteristic of this stage is that after
some initial exposure to the language, the
learner is able to understand much more than
s/he can produce.
5. Mother Tongue
The general usage of
the term 'mother
tongue' . . . denotes
not only the language
one learns from one's
mother, but also the
speaker's dominant
and home language,
i.e. not only the first
language according to
the time of acquisition,
but the first with
regard to its
importance and the
speaker's ability to
master its linguistic
and communicative
aspects.
6. English as a Foreign
Language (EFL)
English as a Foreign Language (EFL) is an
academic program designed to develop basic
English skills of students who wish to study in a
community college or university in the USA.
Working students can also benefit by improving
language skills for their professional
development.
7. English as a Second
Language (ESL)
A traditional term for the use or study of
the English lenguage by non- native speakers in
an English speaking environment.
English as a Second Language (ESL or TESL)
also refers to specialized approaches to
language teaching designed for those whose
primary language is not English.
8. Drills
It`s an activity that practises a
particular skill and often involves
repeating the same thing several times.
9. Approach
An approach is an viewpoint toward teaching. It
provides philosophy to the whole process of
instruction. As presented by the diagram, the
method and technique are just parts and
parcels of approach. Approach gives the
overall wisdom, it provides direction, and sets
expectations to the entire of the teaching
process. Furthermore, approach sets the
general rule or general principle to make
learning possible.
10. Phonics
A method of teaching reading based on the
sounds of letters, groups of letters, and
syllables.
Phonics is a code. So knowing the sounds of
letters and letter combinations will help decode
words as he reads. Almost everyone can learn
phonics...even those with learning difficulties.
Phonics is simply the system of relationships
between letters and sounds in a language.
11. Digital Literasy
Digital Literacy is the ability to use information
and communication technologies to find,
evaluate, create, and communicate information,
requiring both cognitive and technical skills.
12. Literacy
An individual's ability to read, write,
speak in English, compute and solve
problems at levels of proficiency
necessary to function on the job, in the
family of the individual and in society.
13. Multiple Intelligences
Human intelligence has
the following
characteristics:
- A set of skills that
enable a person to
resolve genuine
problems encountered
in life.
- The ability to create an
effective product or
offer a service that is
valued in a culture.
- The potential for
recognizing or creating
problems,thereby
establishing the
necessity for the new
knowledge.
14. Target Language
It’s the language into which a
translation is done.
Is the language learners are studying,
and also the individual items of
language that they want to learn, or the
teacher wants them to learn.
