The document discusses the Global Positioning System (GPS) and its applications in mining. GPS is a U.S. satellite-based navigation system that provides location and timing services worldwide. It uses 24 satellites that orbit the Earth every 12 hours. A GPS receiver needs signals from at least 4 satellites to determine its precise 3D position, velocity and time. In mining, GPS can be used to track equipment locations, monitor dig progress, optimize truck dispatching and routing, and improve productivity, utilization, and safety.

1. GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM
by
K ABHIRAM

2. What is GPS ?
• GPS is the acronym for Global Positioning
System – a “satnav”
• GPS is a U.S. space-based radio navigation
system that provides reliable positioning,
navigation, velocity and timing services to
civilian users on a continuous worldwide basis
-- freely available to all.

3. SPECIFICATIONS
• It covers 24 satellites and 6 orbital spares
approx. The satellites orbit Earth roughly
every 12 hours at an altitude of 20200KM,
covering the entire planet 24x7
• To determine its position in X,Y and Z
coordinates, a GPS receiver needs
unobstructed view of at least four GPS
satellites

4. How can it be implemented in MINING
• Numerous Uses
• Monitoring the dig advance
• Dumping Patterns
• Road use in Open Cast Mines
• Accident Investigations
• Truck Dispatching and Shovel Positioning
Systems

5. Component parts and WORKING ?
• 1)Space Segment
2)Control Segment
3)User Segment

6. Space Segment
• 24sat,6 orbital spares
@ 20200Km above
earth surface.
• Have very accurate
clocks on board
• Continuously sends one-way radio signals
• Signals continuously provide Position and
Time to GPS receivers

7. Control Segments
• 5 World Wide
Monitor and
Control stations
• adjusts satellite clocks
• Tracks satellites
• Uploads updated navigational data
• Maintains health and status
of the satellite constellation

8. User Segment
• GPS receiver equipment: Us!
• Receives signals from GPS satellites
• Calculates user’s three-dimensional position

9. • It requires four satellites to determine the
position of the GPS receiver

10. GPS in MINING
• GPS Based Truck Dispatching System
• GPS Based Shovel Positioning Systems
• GPS Based Auxiliary Equipment Positioning
System

11. GPS Based Truck Dispatching System
• Ensures reduction in cost , accuracy of data
collection, reduced field hardware interference
by unauthorized personnel and low response
time with decrease in field hardware
components(detectors).
• Productivity can be increased by 28-33%
• Each activity is Timed and availability of HEMM
for various departments can be easily known.
• Today this system has over 100 installations for its
management control, machinery availability and
utilization ,real time control and safety

12. • Real time monitoring improves utilization
factors for coal truck, over burden and shovel.
• System will assist to reduce fuel cost.
• Everything recorded and goes systematically
even at Fueling bay
• System and Operation(Explanation of Process
that how GPS is used with trucks)

13. GPS Based Shovel Positioning Systems
• The system continuously takes precision readings of the bucket
position, compares the positions with the coordinates of the blocks
and highlights on the console-the block the shovel is digging.
• The system also displays the exact dig points of the dipper in each
block by analyzing the GPS’s data, which is different in various
modes.
• This allows operators to verify whether they are digging the correct
blocks at all times, even at night in adverse weather.
• This offers accurate load accounting, blending and quality control.
• The mining block is displayed to operator and the same in computer
at office.
• This also can be used for Mine Planning and assess the dig advance
and update the mine model.

14. GPS Based Auxiliary Equipment
Positioning System
• Dozers , water trucks, graders and Pick up vans
can be equipped with Hub based GPS
equipment as well.
• Examples:
1. Haulage truck driver-Spillage-GPS
coordinates-Grader-Safety

15. CONCLUSION
• IT becomes an essential tool & technique for MINING
Professionals for problem solving and decision making
• Internet for Global Marketing
• Remote online PC based instrumentation system for
continuous monitoring
• POWSS is the first worthy software for calculating and
selection of powered roof supports and capacity
respectively.
• Image Processing, Remote sensing and GIS are widely used.
• Last but not least-it can be stated that in the near future
the mining and allied industries would be more and more
dependent on IT

16. References
• Computer Applications in Mineral Industry by
Bhandyopadhyay and RR sheorey
• Introduction to Geo Spatial Technologies by
Chris Dillard-Geospatial Extension
Unit,Alabama.

17. Thank You
any queries ??