This document provides a global overview of the spread of conservation agriculture. It discusses how conservation agriculture is defined as an approach to managing agro-ecosystems through three principles: continuous minimum mechanical soil disturbance, permanent organic soil cover, and crop species diversification. The document then summarizes global adoption trends of no-till/conservation agriculture, showing steady increases over time with over 150 million hectares adopted as of 2011. Regional adoption distributions are also shown, with South America having the highest adoption levels.
Alessandro De Pinto (IFPRI) Mitigation opportunities and challenges: An economic perspective (presentation from Mitigation session at CCAFS Science Workshop, December 2010)
Poster20: Deep rooting ability is identified as an important trait for drough...CIAT
Deep rooting ability is identified as an important trait for drought resistance in Canavalia brasiliensis, a forage legume. The study tested the hypothesis that C. brasiliensis' superior tolerance of long dry seasons under low soil fertility is related to its deep rooting ability. Using a greenhouse method, the study found that genotypes CIAT 7969 and CIAT 905 produced more leaf area under both fertilized and drought conditions, indicating drought tolerance, while genotype CIAT 21014 produced less leaf area. Genotype CIAT 905 also showed lower leaf conductance under drought stress, regulating water loss. Rooting depth measurements found genotypes CIAT 7969 and CIAT 905 developed deeper root systems than
Theo friedrich -_ca_for_cc_adaptation_in_eapAdam Ga
This document discusses conservation agriculture (CA) as an approach for climate change adaptation and mitigation in East Asia and the Pacific region. CA involves minimal soil disturbance, permanent organic soil cover, and crop diversification. It provides benefits like reduced costs, increased profits and food security while preserving resources and the environment. CA helps increase farms' resilience to climate change through practices like crop rotations and soil cover that improve drought tolerance, water retention, and resistance to heavy rain and frost. The document reviews the global history and adoption of CA, and argues for supportive policies and investments to accelerate its adoption.
Mohamed Imam BAKARR "Sustainable land management in the Global Environment Fa...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
The document discusses the GEF Land Degradation Focal Area and its focus on sustainable land management to reverse land degradation and maintain ecosystem services. It provides examples of projects that employ integrated approaches across landscapes to deliver both environmental and development benefits. These include improved soil health, carbon sequestration, and more resilient production systems. Looking ahead, priorities include climate-smart agriculture, forest landscape restoration, and leveraging land degradation financing to improve food security through sustainable land management.
Water resources and biofuels water quality april 2012Sharon Lezberg
This document discusses water quality issues related to hypoxia. It begins by defining hypoxia as low dissolved oxygen concentrations that cannot support marine life, typically below 2 ppm. It then explains that hypoxia occurs due to algae blooms in freshwater settling on the bottom and consuming oxygen during decomposition. The size of hypoxic areas can be large, such as the size in 2008 shown on a map. Nutrient flux and sources of nitrogen and phosphorus that contribute to algae blooms and hypoxia are also discussed. The document considers future impacts on water quality from different cropping systems and biofuel production approaches.
EverCrop aims to develop improved farming systems for the crop-livestock zone incorporating perennials. It addresses constraints to adopting perennials and develops tools to evaluate their role. Experiments are conducted across rainfall zones to determine the productivity and tradeoffs of incorporating perennials into low rainfall cropping systems. Research includes modelling fodder shrub growth, measuring saltbush and Rhagodia preisii performance across landscapes, and evaluating summer-growing grasses to fill feed gaps in the Victorian Mallee.
Presentation made by Christian Devenish, CONDESAN
--7 Countries, Common language (but many indigenous languages), democracies (at least 20 years in all countries). Armed conflict (internal - Peru, Colombia. War Ecuador-Peru)
--Andes mountains occupy 33% of total country areas, but hold 45% of total country populations.
Northern Andes - very populated. Big cities, lots of people. 8 Cities > 1,000,000 inhabitants . Great variety and complexity (diversity, society, etc, languages, etc etc)
Variation between % of country occupied by mountains, and % of country population in mountains.
e.g. in Colombia, most people live in the mountains, but mountains only occupy 25% of country. Ecuador 50% - 50%, AR very small % live in mountains, but mountains occupy >20%.
--Both some of the poorest and wealthiest regions in the Andes, depending on country.
-- Climate change impacts on individual species. Change in range size for birds (non-shaded bars) and vascular plants (shaded bars) for A. Unlimited dispersal and B. No dispersal, for the SRES-A2 emission scenario and both periods (2020s and 2050s) (outliers have been removed from the plot for easier visualization) - 11,012 species (1,555 birds and 9,457 plants)
-- Impacts of climate change
Targeting innovations to combat soil degradation and food insecurity in semi-...Joanna Hicks
The ABACO project aims to reduce vulnerability of smallholder farmers in semi-arid Africa to climate variability by building capacity to design, evaluate, and implement conservation agriculture techniques tailored to local conditions. The project will involve farmers and researchers in innovation platforms to co-develop and assess social and economic viability of conservation agriculture alternatives across different scales and scenarios. Techniques will focus on rehabilitating degraded soils and increasing water productivity through a stepwise "aggradation" process to restore soil functions before fully implementing the three principles of conservation agriculture: zero tillage, permanent soil cover, and crop rotation.
Alessandro De Pinto (IFPRI) Mitigation opportunities and challenges: An economic perspective (presentation from Mitigation session at CCAFS Science Workshop, December 2010)
Poster20: Deep rooting ability is identified as an important trait for drough...CIAT
Deep rooting ability is identified as an important trait for drought resistance in Canavalia brasiliensis, a forage legume. The study tested the hypothesis that C. brasiliensis' superior tolerance of long dry seasons under low soil fertility is related to its deep rooting ability. Using a greenhouse method, the study found that genotypes CIAT 7969 and CIAT 905 produced more leaf area under both fertilized and drought conditions, indicating drought tolerance, while genotype CIAT 21014 produced less leaf area. Genotype CIAT 905 also showed lower leaf conductance under drought stress, regulating water loss. Rooting depth measurements found genotypes CIAT 7969 and CIAT 905 developed deeper root systems than
Theo friedrich -_ca_for_cc_adaptation_in_eapAdam Ga
This document discusses conservation agriculture (CA) as an approach for climate change adaptation and mitigation in East Asia and the Pacific region. CA involves minimal soil disturbance, permanent organic soil cover, and crop diversification. It provides benefits like reduced costs, increased profits and food security while preserving resources and the environment. CA helps increase farms' resilience to climate change through practices like crop rotations and soil cover that improve drought tolerance, water retention, and resistance to heavy rain and frost. The document reviews the global history and adoption of CA, and argues for supportive policies and investments to accelerate its adoption.
Mohamed Imam BAKARR "Sustainable land management in the Global Environment Fa...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
The document discusses the GEF Land Degradation Focal Area and its focus on sustainable land management to reverse land degradation and maintain ecosystem services. It provides examples of projects that employ integrated approaches across landscapes to deliver both environmental and development benefits. These include improved soil health, carbon sequestration, and more resilient production systems. Looking ahead, priorities include climate-smart agriculture, forest landscape restoration, and leveraging land degradation financing to improve food security through sustainable land management.
Water resources and biofuels water quality april 2012Sharon Lezberg
This document discusses water quality issues related to hypoxia. It begins by defining hypoxia as low dissolved oxygen concentrations that cannot support marine life, typically below 2 ppm. It then explains that hypoxia occurs due to algae blooms in freshwater settling on the bottom and consuming oxygen during decomposition. The size of hypoxic areas can be large, such as the size in 2008 shown on a map. Nutrient flux and sources of nitrogen and phosphorus that contribute to algae blooms and hypoxia are also discussed. The document considers future impacts on water quality from different cropping systems and biofuel production approaches.
EverCrop aims to develop improved farming systems for the crop-livestock zone incorporating perennials. It addresses constraints to adopting perennials and develops tools to evaluate their role. Experiments are conducted across rainfall zones to determine the productivity and tradeoffs of incorporating perennials into low rainfall cropping systems. Research includes modelling fodder shrub growth, measuring saltbush and Rhagodia preisii performance across landscapes, and evaluating summer-growing grasses to fill feed gaps in the Victorian Mallee.
Presentation made by Christian Devenish, CONDESAN
--7 Countries, Common language (but many indigenous languages), democracies (at least 20 years in all countries). Armed conflict (internal - Peru, Colombia. War Ecuador-Peru)
--Andes mountains occupy 33% of total country areas, but hold 45% of total country populations.
Northern Andes - very populated. Big cities, lots of people. 8 Cities > 1,000,000 inhabitants . Great variety and complexity (diversity, society, etc, languages, etc etc)
Variation between % of country occupied by mountains, and % of country population in mountains.
e.g. in Colombia, most people live in the mountains, but mountains only occupy 25% of country. Ecuador 50% - 50%, AR very small % live in mountains, but mountains occupy >20%.
--Both some of the poorest and wealthiest regions in the Andes, depending on country.
-- Climate change impacts on individual species. Change in range size for birds (non-shaded bars) and vascular plants (shaded bars) for A. Unlimited dispersal and B. No dispersal, for the SRES-A2 emission scenario and both periods (2020s and 2050s) (outliers have been removed from the plot for easier visualization) - 11,012 species (1,555 birds and 9,457 plants)
-- Impacts of climate change
Targeting innovations to combat soil degradation and food insecurity in semi-...Joanna Hicks
The ABACO project aims to reduce vulnerability of smallholder farmers in semi-arid Africa to climate variability by building capacity to design, evaluate, and implement conservation agriculture techniques tailored to local conditions. The project will involve farmers and researchers in innovation platforms to co-develop and assess social and economic viability of conservation agriculture alternatives across different scales and scenarios. Techniques will focus on rehabilitating degraded soils and increasing water productivity through a stepwise "aggradation" process to restore soil functions before fully implementing the three principles of conservation agriculture: zero tillage, permanent soil cover, and crop rotation.
Improving N Efficiency through Managing Soil NitrateDairyNforProfit
Presentation given by Dr. Michael Russelle to the PICCC Strategic Science Think Tank - Nitrogen efficiency. Thursday 16 August 2012, 10 am – 7 pm, at the University of Melbourne
http://www.piccc.org.au/news/2012/aug/29/piccc-strategic-science-think-tank-nitrogen-efficiency
Sulphur fertilization in brazil and argentina. sulphur world symposium 2011martintorresduggan
Martin Torres Duggan presented on sulphur fertilizer use and market opportunities in Brazil and Argentina. Brazil accounts for 76% of South America's fertilizer consumption, while Argentina accounts for 60% of consumption in the Southern Cone region. Both countries widely use nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers, and sulphur fertilization is becoming increasingly important. Current sulphur consumption is around 1 million metric tons in Brazil and 120-130,000 metric tons in Argentina. Trends show increasing demand for bulk blends, compound fertilizers, and sulphur-enhanced fertilizers in both countries.
Tracking the effects of land use and management on vegetation conditionRichard Thackway
This document outlines a methodology called VAST-2 (Vegetation Assets States and Transitions) for tracking changes in vegetation condition over time due to land use and management practices. VAST-2 scores 22 indicators of regenerative capacity, vegetation structure, and species composition for a site against a pre-settlement reference state. Case studies applying VAST-2 to sites in Cumberland State Forest in NSW from 1941-2012 are presented. Lessons learned include that VAST-2 is useful for engaging stakeholders, synthesizing information to understand vegetation transformation, and reporting progress towards vegetation targets.
This document discusses the concepts of sparing and sharing land for agriculture and forestry. It explores arguments for a multifunctional landscape approach where land is used for both agriculture and forestry. This approach may save land compared to specialization and make use of trade-offs and synergies between different land uses. The document also examines the need for balanced economic incentives to encourage multifunctionality at local scales.
1. The Karkheh Basin Focal Project took a multi-disciplinary approach to understand water availability, productivity, poverty, and institutions in the basin.
2. Key findings included groundwater overdraft, high variability in evapotranspiration, the need to incorporate flow variability in planning, and substantial room for increasing water productivity.
3. Recommendations focused on improving rainfed and irrigated practices, targeting irrigation, exploring additional water sources, and shifting from low-value grain to higher-value crops and uses over the long term.
Presented by Jawoo Koo, Zhe Guo, and Stanley Wood at the CGIAR-CSI Annual Meeting 2009: Mapping Our Future. March 31 - April 4, 2009, ILRI Campus, Nairobi, Kenya
This document discusses land use systems analysis for agriculture in Brazil's São Francisco River Basin. It provides an overview of the project, including changes in agriculture from 1991 to 2004 with increased specialty crops. Land use systems under evaluation include small-scale goat/sheep production and mango production under flood and micro-sprinkler irrigation. The analysis estimates economic performance, labor requirements, water use, and productivity to assess and compare different land use systems.
Presentation of Laura Barcellos Antoniazzi for the “Workshop on the Impact of New Technologies on the Sustainability of the Sugarcane/Bioethanol Production Cycle”
Apresentação de Marcos Laura Barcellos Antoniazzi realizada no “Workshop on the Impact of New Technologies on the Sustainability of the Sugarcane/Bioethanol Production Cycle”
Date / Data : May 14 - 15th 2009/
14 e 15 de maio de 2009
Place / Local: ABTLuS, Campinas, Brazil
Event Website / Website do evento: http://www.bioetanol.org.br/workshop3
1) Brasil Ecodiesel executed an agreement concluding a process with Petrobras that will allow for large-scale soybean crushing in Rio Grande do Sul, reducing oil costs and generating soybean meal sales.
2) Soybean harvest in Mato Grosso was delayed due to rains, while yields in other regions exceeded targets.
3) Consolidation of accounting and operational integration between Brasil Ecodiesel and Maeda was completed.
This study compared the effects of:
i) Farmer resource endowment
ii) Field location in relation to homestead,
on soil fertility status in two smallholder areas located in contrasting agroecological regions
Dieter Nill "20 years of watershed management in Niger: Approaches, impacts a...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
This document discusses 20 years of watershed management in Niger to address land degradation. Simple soil and water conservation techniques were implemented across 400,000 hectares, doubling millet yields. Treatment of agricultural fields using stone bunds and planting pits provided the best economic returns, with initial investments of $20-60/ha generating $45/ha in additional income annually. While restoring degraded plateaus improved vegetation, the economic returns were lower than treating agricultural fields, making fields the better focus for soil and water conservation efforts.
Midloe Grange Farm: Nutrient Management Case Study Farming Futures
This presentation formed part of the Farming Futures workshop 'Cropping Climate Change: Making business sense of nitrous oxide and the nitrogen cycle'
March 5th 2010
Irrigation performance and seasonal changes under permanent raised beds on Ve...Joanna Hicks
The document summarizes research on irrigation performance and seasonal changes under permanent raised beds on Vertisol soil in Queensland, Australia. It discusses major agricultural challenges related to land degradation, water scarcity, and inefficient irrigation systems. The objectives are to evaluate irrigation performance of existing permanent raised bed farming systems and identify potential for lateral wetting front infiltration. Data was collected on two farms to measure advance curves, runoff, and soil moisture movement across beds. Results show advance times varied between irrigations due to soil conditions. Irrigation management strategies were found to impact current performance and potential water savings were identified.
1) The study mapped water productivity in the Karkheh River Basin in Iran using remote sensing data and secondary data to identify opportunities for improving agricultural production.
2) The analysis found large variations in land and water productivity within and between sub-basins, indicating scope for improving farm-scale productivity through better irrigation, fertilizer use, and supplemental irrigation for rainfed areas.
3) Certain sub-basins in the upper and lower parts of the basin had higher water productivity that could help guide interventions, while including livestock more accurately portrayed basin productivity.
The document summarizes information about the Philippines' National Greening Program (NGP). It provides statistics on the country's forest cover and land classification. The NGP aims to plant 1.5 billion trees across 1.5 million hectares by 2016 to achieve environmental, economic, and social benefits. These include increasing forest cover, sequestering carbon, improving watersheds and incomes. The program outlines species selection, planting sites, budgets, areas planted, partnerships and opportunities for collaboration to achieve its goals.
This document summarizes a presentation given at the UNCCD 2nd Scientific Conference on the economic assessment of desertification and sustainable land management. The presentation discusses the importance of soils in arid, semi-arid, and dry sub-humid areas, noting that soils provide over 99% of food and fiber and store large amounts of carbon. Soil degradation from erosion, salinization, and other processes affects agricultural productivity and livelihoods around the world. Sustainable land management practices can help conserve soils, sequester carbon, improve food production, and enhance ecosystem services. Healthy soils are crucial to supporting the world's growing population into the future.
Presentation on " Tara Coal Block of CMDC IFFCO Coal Limited for Diversion" made before the Forest Appraisal Committee (FAC), Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India
This study evaluated the effectiveness of applying gypsum at different rates (0, 300, 500, 1000 lbs/acre) on water infiltration rates and crop yields on poorly drained soils in northwest Missouri over four years. The application of gypsum did not increase water infiltration rates or crop yields of corn compared to the untreated check. Educational outreach events were held to communicate the research results to over 250 local growers and discourage the use of gypsum based on the findings.
A presentation on the Water Supply Plan & Hydrogeology of the Westside associated with the Rosemont Copper Project developed by the Erroll L. Montgomery & Associates, Inc. This presentation was given to the Forest Service, the Cooperating Agencies, and their contractors during technical transfer meetings in January 2009.
The document discusses conservation agriculture (CA) in Africa and the work of the African Conservation Tillage Network (ACT) to promote CA. It provides an overview of ACT as an organization, outlines the principles of CA (minimum soil disturbance, permanent soil cover, crop rotations), and describes various projects and partnerships ACT has used to disseminate CA practices to farmers across Africa. Challenges to adopting CA include managing crop residues and cover crops, weed control during the transition to CA, and compacted soil layers left by previous tillage practices.
1) Understanding African farming systems as they existed historically and today is essential for developing sustainable agricultural intensification approaches.
2) Farming systems analysis considers the social, economic, and environmental context of farm households and can help identify appropriate interventions.
3) Recommendations include reinvigorating farming systems education, institutionalizing systems approaches in policies, and using systems frameworks to guide project development and policy evaluation.
Improving N Efficiency through Managing Soil NitrateDairyNforProfit
Presentation given by Dr. Michael Russelle to the PICCC Strategic Science Think Tank - Nitrogen efficiency. Thursday 16 August 2012, 10 am – 7 pm, at the University of Melbourne
http://www.piccc.org.au/news/2012/aug/29/piccc-strategic-science-think-tank-nitrogen-efficiency
Sulphur fertilization in brazil and argentina. sulphur world symposium 2011martintorresduggan
Martin Torres Duggan presented on sulphur fertilizer use and market opportunities in Brazil and Argentina. Brazil accounts for 76% of South America's fertilizer consumption, while Argentina accounts for 60% of consumption in the Southern Cone region. Both countries widely use nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers, and sulphur fertilization is becoming increasingly important. Current sulphur consumption is around 1 million metric tons in Brazil and 120-130,000 metric tons in Argentina. Trends show increasing demand for bulk blends, compound fertilizers, and sulphur-enhanced fertilizers in both countries.
Tracking the effects of land use and management on vegetation conditionRichard Thackway
This document outlines a methodology called VAST-2 (Vegetation Assets States and Transitions) for tracking changes in vegetation condition over time due to land use and management practices. VAST-2 scores 22 indicators of regenerative capacity, vegetation structure, and species composition for a site against a pre-settlement reference state. Case studies applying VAST-2 to sites in Cumberland State Forest in NSW from 1941-2012 are presented. Lessons learned include that VAST-2 is useful for engaging stakeholders, synthesizing information to understand vegetation transformation, and reporting progress towards vegetation targets.
This document discusses the concepts of sparing and sharing land for agriculture and forestry. It explores arguments for a multifunctional landscape approach where land is used for both agriculture and forestry. This approach may save land compared to specialization and make use of trade-offs and synergies between different land uses. The document also examines the need for balanced economic incentives to encourage multifunctionality at local scales.
1. The Karkheh Basin Focal Project took a multi-disciplinary approach to understand water availability, productivity, poverty, and institutions in the basin.
2. Key findings included groundwater overdraft, high variability in evapotranspiration, the need to incorporate flow variability in planning, and substantial room for increasing water productivity.
3. Recommendations focused on improving rainfed and irrigated practices, targeting irrigation, exploring additional water sources, and shifting from low-value grain to higher-value crops and uses over the long term.
Presented by Jawoo Koo, Zhe Guo, and Stanley Wood at the CGIAR-CSI Annual Meeting 2009: Mapping Our Future. March 31 - April 4, 2009, ILRI Campus, Nairobi, Kenya
This document discusses land use systems analysis for agriculture in Brazil's São Francisco River Basin. It provides an overview of the project, including changes in agriculture from 1991 to 2004 with increased specialty crops. Land use systems under evaluation include small-scale goat/sheep production and mango production under flood and micro-sprinkler irrigation. The analysis estimates economic performance, labor requirements, water use, and productivity to assess and compare different land use systems.
Presentation of Laura Barcellos Antoniazzi for the “Workshop on the Impact of New Technologies on the Sustainability of the Sugarcane/Bioethanol Production Cycle”
Apresentação de Marcos Laura Barcellos Antoniazzi realizada no “Workshop on the Impact of New Technologies on the Sustainability of the Sugarcane/Bioethanol Production Cycle”
Date / Data : May 14 - 15th 2009/
14 e 15 de maio de 2009
Place / Local: ABTLuS, Campinas, Brazil
Event Website / Website do evento: http://www.bioetanol.org.br/workshop3
1) Brasil Ecodiesel executed an agreement concluding a process with Petrobras that will allow for large-scale soybean crushing in Rio Grande do Sul, reducing oil costs and generating soybean meal sales.
2) Soybean harvest in Mato Grosso was delayed due to rains, while yields in other regions exceeded targets.
3) Consolidation of accounting and operational integration between Brasil Ecodiesel and Maeda was completed.
This study compared the effects of:
i) Farmer resource endowment
ii) Field location in relation to homestead,
on soil fertility status in two smallholder areas located in contrasting agroecological regions
Dieter Nill "20 years of watershed management in Niger: Approaches, impacts a...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
This document discusses 20 years of watershed management in Niger to address land degradation. Simple soil and water conservation techniques were implemented across 400,000 hectares, doubling millet yields. Treatment of agricultural fields using stone bunds and planting pits provided the best economic returns, with initial investments of $20-60/ha generating $45/ha in additional income annually. While restoring degraded plateaus improved vegetation, the economic returns were lower than treating agricultural fields, making fields the better focus for soil and water conservation efforts.
Midloe Grange Farm: Nutrient Management Case Study Farming Futures
This presentation formed part of the Farming Futures workshop 'Cropping Climate Change: Making business sense of nitrous oxide and the nitrogen cycle'
March 5th 2010
Irrigation performance and seasonal changes under permanent raised beds on Ve...Joanna Hicks
The document summarizes research on irrigation performance and seasonal changes under permanent raised beds on Vertisol soil in Queensland, Australia. It discusses major agricultural challenges related to land degradation, water scarcity, and inefficient irrigation systems. The objectives are to evaluate irrigation performance of existing permanent raised bed farming systems and identify potential for lateral wetting front infiltration. Data was collected on two farms to measure advance curves, runoff, and soil moisture movement across beds. Results show advance times varied between irrigations due to soil conditions. Irrigation management strategies were found to impact current performance and potential water savings were identified.
1) The study mapped water productivity in the Karkheh River Basin in Iran using remote sensing data and secondary data to identify opportunities for improving agricultural production.
2) The analysis found large variations in land and water productivity within and between sub-basins, indicating scope for improving farm-scale productivity through better irrigation, fertilizer use, and supplemental irrigation for rainfed areas.
3) Certain sub-basins in the upper and lower parts of the basin had higher water productivity that could help guide interventions, while including livestock more accurately portrayed basin productivity.
The document summarizes information about the Philippines' National Greening Program (NGP). It provides statistics on the country's forest cover and land classification. The NGP aims to plant 1.5 billion trees across 1.5 million hectares by 2016 to achieve environmental, economic, and social benefits. These include increasing forest cover, sequestering carbon, improving watersheds and incomes. The program outlines species selection, planting sites, budgets, areas planted, partnerships and opportunities for collaboration to achieve its goals.
This document summarizes a presentation given at the UNCCD 2nd Scientific Conference on the economic assessment of desertification and sustainable land management. The presentation discusses the importance of soils in arid, semi-arid, and dry sub-humid areas, noting that soils provide over 99% of food and fiber and store large amounts of carbon. Soil degradation from erosion, salinization, and other processes affects agricultural productivity and livelihoods around the world. Sustainable land management practices can help conserve soils, sequester carbon, improve food production, and enhance ecosystem services. Healthy soils are crucial to supporting the world's growing population into the future.
Presentation on " Tara Coal Block of CMDC IFFCO Coal Limited for Diversion" made before the Forest Appraisal Committee (FAC), Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India
This study evaluated the effectiveness of applying gypsum at different rates (0, 300, 500, 1000 lbs/acre) on water infiltration rates and crop yields on poorly drained soils in northwest Missouri over four years. The application of gypsum did not increase water infiltration rates or crop yields of corn compared to the untreated check. Educational outreach events were held to communicate the research results to over 250 local growers and discourage the use of gypsum based on the findings.
A presentation on the Water Supply Plan & Hydrogeology of the Westside associated with the Rosemont Copper Project developed by the Erroll L. Montgomery & Associates, Inc. This presentation was given to the Forest Service, the Cooperating Agencies, and their contractors during technical transfer meetings in January 2009.
The document discusses conservation agriculture (CA) in Africa and the work of the African Conservation Tillage Network (ACT) to promote CA. It provides an overview of ACT as an organization, outlines the principles of CA (minimum soil disturbance, permanent soil cover, crop rotations), and describes various projects and partnerships ACT has used to disseminate CA practices to farmers across Africa. Challenges to adopting CA include managing crop residues and cover crops, weed control during the transition to CA, and compacted soil layers left by previous tillage practices.
1) Understanding African farming systems as they existed historically and today is essential for developing sustainable agricultural intensification approaches.
2) Farming systems analysis considers the social, economic, and environmental context of farm households and can help identify appropriate interventions.
3) Recommendations include reinvigorating farming systems education, institutionalizing systems approaches in policies, and using systems frameworks to guide project development and policy evaluation.
Wheat insects A Lecture By Mr Allah Dad Khan Visiting Professor Agricultur...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Wheat is an important crop that faces threats from various insect pests. Some major insect pests of wheat crops include the Hessian fly, the greenbug, and the Russian wheat aphid. Farmers must monitor their wheat fields for signs of infestations and have integrated pest management plans in place to control insect populations and minimize crop losses from these pests.
Mainstreaming CA challenges to adoption, institutions and policy. Amir KassamJoanna Hicks
(1) Mainstreaming conservation agriculture (CA) faces challenges related to adoption by farmers, support from institutions, and enabling policies. (2) For CA to become widely adopted, it must be seen as a preferred approach by farmers, service providers, and policymakers. (3) Challenges to adoption include the fundamental change required, lack of knowledge and experience with CA, social pressures, and access to appropriate inputs. Challenges to institutions include a lack of financial and technical support for farmers. Challenges to policy include lack of awareness and policies that inhibit CA. (4) Overcoming these challenges requires champions, engaged institutions, knowledge building, and access to inputs and markets supported by enabling policies.
Promotion and adoption of Conservation AgricultureFreddyVHulst
This document summarizes research on the adoption and promotion of conservation agriculture (CA) among smallholder farmers in Laikipia County, Kenya. The researcher found that training farmers through farmer field schools significantly increased farmers' intentions to adopt CA practices by positively influencing their attitudes and perceptions of control over using the practices. However, promoting CA also faces challenges from social norms and gender roles. The researcher concludes that effectively promoting CA requires improving farmers' learning, capabilities, and respecting their independence, using more communicative approaches rather than just providing information.
16 March 2008 - ICARDA Experience on Conservation Agriculture : Applications ...CSISA
This document summarizes ICARDA's experiences with conservation agriculture in the WANA region. Some key points:
1) ICARDA has promoted reduced/zero tillage practices, permanent soil covers, and crop rotations to improve soil and water conservation in the degraded drylands of the region. This has included technologies like laser land leveling, raised bed planting, and surface seeding of wheat into cotton.
2) Studies found benefits like water savings, reduced costs, and increased yields from these conservation agriculture practices compared to traditional tillage. For example, planting wheat into standing cotton saved $23 million annually in Central Asia.
3) ICARDA is working to develop new crop varieties and introduce crops suited
Conservation Agriculture in africa ACT experiences at the FAO subregional wo...Janet Cox Achora Alonyo
This document discusses conservation agriculture (CA) in Africa from the perspective of the African Conservation Tillage Network (ACT). It summarizes that CA aims to address food insecurity, improve crop yields, and help adaptation to and mitigation of climate change. While CA is being adopted on over 1 million hectares in Africa, most of this is on large commercial farms, and smallholders face challenges accessing CA services, inputs, and markets. ACT works to promote CA through projects, partnerships, capacity building, knowledge sharing, and research to benefit smallholders. ACT's goals include expanding CA adoption to 25 million hectares
Three key points:
1. CIMMYT has been conducting research on conservation agriculture (CA) in East and Southern Africa since 2004, working in several countries including Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.
2. Long-term research trials show significantly higher maize yields under CA systems compared to conventional tillage, with yield increases maintained over 10+ years of research in Zambia, Malawi, and Mozambique.
3. Over 80 publications between 2009-2014 have documented benefits of CA including increased yields, improved soil quality, and reduced risk of crop failure for smallholder farmers in Africa.
Presentation of Ram Dhan Jat at 2013 Kick-Off workshop of the Climate Food and Farming Network: http://ccafs.cgiar.org/climate-food-and-farming-network
Stephen Loss and Hichem Ben Salem presentation during the event "Conservation Agriculture: Overcoming the challenges to adoption and scaling-up" held by IFAD jointly with the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)
Conservation Agriculture in Haryana India: Past Experiences & Future Plans
Ashok Kumar Yadav, Director General (Agriculture), Government of Haryana, India
Factors affecting adoption of conservation agriculture in malawiJames Mlamba
This thesis examines factors affecting the adoption of conservation agriculture in Malawi. It focuses on a case study in Salima District, one of the areas promoting conservation agriculture due to low rainfall and high temperatures. The author conducted surveys using questionnaires and interviews with farmers and agricultural officers. Key findings include that gender of the household head, membership in farmer groups, and farmer trainings significantly impacted adoption and continued use of conservation agriculture. Higher income levels and personal investment in initial inputs also led to greater retention of the practices. Main challenges for farmers were weed management, access to farm inputs, and crop residue management. The study recommends encouraging farmer group savings for inputs rather than grants, and emphasizing group membership and trainings to promote wider adoption.
A holistic approach to crop production, which encompasses conservation tillage (CT), and also seeks to preserve biodiversity in terms of both flora and fauna. Activities such as Integrated Crop (ICM), Integrated Weed (IWM) and Integrated Pest (IPM) Management form part of Conservation Agriculture (CA)
Agro-ecological approach conservation agriculture and SRI - Prof. Amir KassamSri Lmb
This document summarizes a regional workshop on agroecological approaches to crop and land management, specifically conservation agriculture and the system of rice intensification. It discusses how modern industrial agriculture has disrupted ecosystem functions through intensive tillage and inputs, leading to soil degradation. As alternatives, it promotes conservation agriculture and the system of rice intensification, which are based on minimizing soil disturbance, maintaining soil cover, and diversifying crops. These agroecological principles provide a foundation for sustainable intensification that improves yields while preserving resources and ecosystem services.
Conservation agriculture for resource use efficiency and sustainability BASIX
The Green Revolution era focused on enhancing the production and productivity of crops. New challenges demand that the issues of efficient resource use and resource conservation receive high priority to ensure that past gains can be sustained and further enhanced to meet the emerging needs. Extending some of the resource-conserving interventions developed for the agricultural crops are the major challenges for researchers and farmers alike. The present paper shares recent research experiences on resource conservation technologies involving tillage and crop establishment options and associated agronomic practices which enable farmers in reducing production costs, increase profitability and help them move forward in the direction of adopting conservation agriculture.
agricultural development in dryland areas of India.Abhinav Vivek
The document discusses strategies for engaging youth in agricultural development in India's dryland regions. It outlines constraints faced by youth including lack of resources, negative attitudes towards agriculture, and lack of skills/training. Strategies are proposed for retaining youth in dryland agriculture such as establishing market networks, providing skills training, promoting entrepreneurship, and developing infrastructure. Specific approaches are also described, including utilizing watershed management, precision farming, livestock farming systems, and improved soil conservation techniques to harness youth participation and address land degradation issues in dryland areas.
Dry farming is cultivation in areas with annual rainfall less than 750 mm that requires moisture conservation practices. Around 70% of rural Indians live in dry farming areas and depend on crop success or failure. Currently, dryland crops produce as much food from 3 ha as irrigated crops do from 1 ha. New strategies must make dryland ecosystems more productive and sustainable. Dryland agriculture has a long history dating back to ancient civilizations, but organized dryland farming began around 1850, starting in the USA and India. Over time, various research centers and programs were established to develop techniques and packages for successful dryland cultivation tailored to different regions.
Conservation agriculture & what is the role in drylandshaikh wasim
- Conservation agriculture aims to conserve soil and water resources through minimal soil disturbance, maintaining soil cover through crop residues, and implementing crop rotations. It can help improve yields and resource use efficiency for smallholder farmers in dryland regions.
- Dryland agriculture relies on moisture conservation practices due to limited and variable rainfall. Conservation agriculture helps trap more rainfall in the soil by reducing erosion and evaporation.
- The key principles of conservation agriculture for drylands are minimum soil disturbance through no-till planting, maintaining soil cover through crop residues, and crop rotations including legumes. This conserves soil moisture while improving soil health. Research shows conservation agriculture can increase yields, profits, and land use efficiency compared to conventional tillage systems in dry
Conservation Agriculture in semi arid tropicsP.K. Mani
Conservation agriculture involves minimal soil disturbance through no-till or reduced tillage practices, maximum soil cover through crop residues, and crop rotations. When used together, these practices can reduce and sometimes reverse soil and water degradation over time. The goals of conservation agriculture include conserving and improving natural resources through integrated management of soil, water, and biological resources combined with external inputs in a way that contributes to environmental conservation and sustained agricultural production. Some key benefits include improved soil quality, water use efficiency, and climate change mitigation and adaptation. Adoption can be difficult due to mindset changes and lack of suitable equipment, but obstacles can be overcome through farmer collaboration and support.
The document discusses natural resources and their management. It notes that natural resources are stocks that exist in the environment that are scarce and economically useful. It outlines three key concerns around natural resource management: overuse of renewable resources, depletion of nonrenewable resources, and overburdening of the environment's capacity to absorb pollution. The document then provides examples and context around forests, minerals, fossil fuels, and their importance. It discusses challenges like deforestation and outlines frameworks and guidelines around sustainable management of natural resources in the ASEAN region.
This document discusses natural resources and their management. It covers several key topics:
1. Natural resources include materials found in nature that are scarce and economically useful, either in their raw state or after minimal processing.
2. Sustainable management of natural resources is important to avoid overusing renewable resources or depleting nonrenewable resources without sufficient replacement. Pollution must also be managed to avoid damaging the environment.
3. Forests, water, land, and minerals are some of the natural resources discussed in the Philippines context, along with challenges around their management and the push for more sustainable practices.
Presentation by Prof Paul Mapfumo. Presented during a pre - SBSTA meeting on CSA Alliance: Building Climate Change Resilience in Africa held on 30th May 2014 in Bonn, Germany http://ccafs.cgiar.org/csa-alliance-building-climate-change-resilience-africa#.U42GUihCCTs
The Role of Conservation Agriculture in Sustainable AgricultureCSISA
This document discusses conservation agriculture (CA), defined as minimal soil disturbance through no-till practices combined with permanent soil cover from mulching and crop rotations. The document explores the history and benefits of tillage in agriculture before introducing conservation tillage as a more sustainable approach. Case studies from rice-wheat systems in South Asia and maize-wheat systems in Mexico demonstrate how CA practices have raised production while protecting soil and the environment. The paper concludes that CA can help meet growing global food demands in a sustainable way.
1) The document discusses policy issues related to conservation agriculture, which has an estimated global area of 116.9 million hectares as of 2011. South America accounts for the largest share at 47.6% of the total area, followed by North America.
2) The main drivers for adoption of conservation agriculture include controlling water and wind erosion, reducing costs of production, and using herbicides for weed control.
3) Key challenges to further adoption include changing mindsets, managing weeds, integrating livestock, providing education, financing capital and implements, and ensuring availability of cover crop seeds and secure land tenure.
4) Successful programs have utilized participatory approaches like farmer field schools, farmer-led extension,
Seeing Beyond Carbon: Opportunities For Global Comparative Research In Dry Fo...CIFOR-ICRAF
Dry forests provide fodder, fuel, medicines, income and building materials. They also restore soil fertility, sequester carbon, and prevent erosion and desertification. Recently overharvesting of the dry forests in Africa has been gaining attention because of its perceived connection with the food crisis in the Horn of Africa. Former CIFOR Principal Scientist Tony Cunningham believes that much could be learned from comparing and contrasting the dry forests of Africa with better-understood dry forests elsewhere (such as those in India). He explores the opportunities for global comparative dry forest research in this keynote address for the First Conference on Managing Non-Wood Forest Products for Sustained Livelihood, held in Bhopal, India on 17–19 December 2011.
This document summarizes the history of encroachment into the Chiquibul National Park and plans for enforcement. It notes that agricultural incursions into the park have increased significantly since 1987, damaging over 13,500 acres. The document outlines impacts to wildlife, culture, and tourism. It also describes updated mapping of the agricultural landscape and plans for a strategic alliance between conservation organizations to better protect the area through patrols, education, community development, training, information sharing, and fundraising.
This document discusses agricultural drivers of deforestation and the relationship between agricultural intensification and forest conservation (REDD+). It examines the "Borlaug hypothesis" that increasing agricultural yields can spare land for forests, but finds mixed evidence for this. Intensification is necessary but not sufficient, and multifunctional landscapes that integrate trees and agriculture may be a better pathway. Multiple policies are needed that provide economic benefits across landscapes to improve forest protection over time.
The document discusses tools developed by the World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) for assessing agroforestry systems, water harvesting, conservation agriculture, and negotiating environmental services payments. ICRAF has developed rapid assessment tools to evaluate carbon stocks, biodiversity, hydrology, agrobiodiversity, landslides, and drivers of land use change. These tools help support negotiations around payments for environmental services in Southeast Asia by providing quick appraisals of biophysical and socioeconomic factors. The tools are available online through ICRAF's library to help communities, researchers and policymakers evaluate landscape management options.
Poster65: Landscape management and the provision of soil ecosystem services i...CIAT
This study analyzed soil ecosystem services in three land use systems - conventional extensive, silvopastoral, and agroforestry - in the Colombian Amazonian piedmont, which has experienced deforestation and degradation. Soil samples were taken from each system and analyzed for physical, chemical, and biological properties. Results showed soils in conventional and silvopastoral systems had higher compaction, lower carbon storage, nutrients, and infiltration than agroforestry systems, due to poorer structure and biological activity. To avoid further degradation, the study recommends designing landscape management that protects ecosystem services and contributes to climate change mitigation in the Colombian Amazonian piedmont.
The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) and the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) jointly hosted the International Conference on Climate Change and Food Security (ICCCFS) November 6-8, 2011 in Beijing, China. This conference provided a forum for leading international scientists and young researchers to present their latest research findings, exchange their research ideas, and share their experiences in the field of climate change and food security. The event included technical sessions, poster sessions, and social events. The conference results and recommendations were presented at the global climate talks in Durban, South Africa during an official side event on December 1.
Tailoring Conservation Agriculture to small farmersCSISA
This document analyzes issues related to tailoring conservation agriculture to smallholder farmers in developing countries. It discusses what conservation agriculture entails, its benefits, and some problems that can arise. Key factors that influence the adoption of conservation agriculture by smallholders are discussed, including mindset changes needed, access to knowledge, inputs, equipment, competition for crop residues, labor requirements, and policy support. Overall, the document finds that conservation agriculture has benefits but adaptations are needed to suit the circumstances of smallholder farmers.
Agroforestry's Contributions to Ecosystem Enhancement in Miombo Region of Afr...ZY8
This document reviews the contributions of agroforestry to ecosystem services in the miombo eco-region of eastern and southern Africa. It finds that agroforestry provides (1) provisioning services such as food, source of energy and fodder, (2) regulatory services including microclimate modification, erosion control, mitigation of desertification, carbon sequestration and pest control, and (3) supporting services namely, soil fertility improvement, biodiversity conservation and pollination in the miombo eco-region. The miombo woodlands are threatened by deforestation, land degradation and loss of biodiversity. Agroforestry is presented as an integrated natural resource management intervention that can address
The main goal of this project is the establishment, within the restoration work, of a natural ecosystem by creating different habitats underrepresented in the vicinity of the Ivonne quarry. This will enhance the coexistence of a high level biodiversity of fauna and flora which will be able to maintain or even increase the population of a large group of species. Some of these species are under degree of threat worldwide or are endemic in the region.
The project won the 1st Prize in National Quarry Life Award in 2012 in Spain.
Read more: http://www.quarrylifeaward.com/project/habitat-creation-biodiversity-promotion-ecological-restoration-quarry-creacion-de-habitats
This document discusses the environmental impacts of olive farming in the EU and policies to promote sustainability. It finds that current EU agricultural policies through production subsidies encourage intensification and overuse of irrigation, while marginalizing traditional low-input olive farming. This leads to issues like soil erosion, water pollution, and loss of biodiversity. The document recommends reforming the CAP olive regime to integrate environmental concerns. It suggests shifting subsidies from production to environmental programs that support sustainable practices like permanent grass cover and maintenance of stone walls and terraces.
Latin America has potential to become a major global supplier of rice, but faces challenges. Rice production in Latin America is currently small, at less than 5% of global production. However, Latin America has significant land and water resources available for expansion of rice. Key needs include lowering production costs below $1,000 per hectare, improving yields to over 7 tonnes per hectare, and developing a stable global rice market with minimal trade distortions. A long-term commitment to research and development for sustainable intensification, similar to Asia's green revolution, would be required for Latin America to realize its potential as a future "rice bowl."
Latin America has potential to become a major global rice producer to help meet increasing demand. Rice is the primary staple for billions of people worldwide and is uniquely suited to grow under monsoon conditions where other crops cannot. However, climate change impacts like sea level rise and stronger cyclones threaten major rice-growing regions in Asia, which currently produces over 90% of the world's rice. New production areas may be needed to compensate for land and water losses from climate effects and urbanization in Asia. Latin America could play a key role in boosting global rice output.
This document summarizes the global achievements in soil and water conservation through the adoption of Conservation Agriculture (CA). CA involves three principles - permanent minimal soil disturbance (no-till), maintaining soil cover, and crop diversification. CA has now spread to over 125 million hectares globally and offers environmental, economic, and social benefits over tillage-based systems by improving soil health, increasing productivity and resilience, and reducing costs and emissions. The widespread adoption of CA principles demonstrates that CA is an effective approach for soil and water conservation at a global scale.
Similar to Global overview of the spread of CA. Theodor Friedrich (20)
Nick Austin presentation to Food Security Forum AdelaideJoanna Hicks
The document outlines a strategic framework for Australia's international agricultural research investments to increase their impact. It proposes increasing funding and targeting priority countries and regions, including Africa. The framework focuses on jointly identifying research themes with developing country partners, establishing long-term partnerships, and taking new approaches like team-based programs and engaging more with global research initiatives like the CGIAR. The goal is for Australian agricultural research to substantially increase the number of poor and food insecure people that benefit.
Carbon footprint of crop production due to shift from conventional to CA. Ran...Joanna Hicks
The document discusses carbon footprints of different crop production scenarios in Bihar, India. Four scenarios were studied: (1) farmer practice of rice-wheat, (2) best available practices including conservation tillage, (3) conservation agriculture with zero-tillage and residue retention, and (4) diversified system with rice-maize-cowpea. Carbon footprints were estimated based on diesel used for tillage and electricity for irrigation. Scenario 4 had the lowest carbon footprint due to reduced tillage, residue retention and crop diversification.
The impact of trash management and tillage on soybean productivity in sugar b...Joanna Hicks
This document summarizes a study on the impact of trash management and tillage on soybean productivity in sugarcane farming systems. The study tested different combinations of trash management (full trash retention, partial removal through baling, or burning) and tillage intensity (conventional tillage, strip tillage, or direct drilling). Strip tillage was found to improve soybean establishment and early growth compared to direct drilling, while maintaining comparable yields to conventional tillage. Strip tillage addresses subsoil constraints while maintaining surface cover benefits. The results suggest strip tillage warrants further commercial evaluation as it can facilitate reduced tillage within a controlled traffic system to deliver soil health benefits.
Increasing rainfall-use efficiency for dryland crops on duplex soils. Peter SaleJoanna Hicks
This document discusses a new technique called "subsoil manuring" that aims to increase crop yields on duplex soils in southeast Australia. The technique involves deep ripping clay subsoils and incorporating organic matter like lucerne pellets to improve soil structure and water retention. Early research results show the technique increased wheat yields by 60-100% compared to untreated soils, and improved the subsoil's ability to retain water during summer fallows and support more root growth. While the input costs of subsoil manuring with poultry litter are estimated at $670-950 per hectare, the technique has generated great interest among local farmers for improving productivity of problem clay soils.
Rice straw mulching and nitrogen requirement to improve productivity of no-ti...Joanna Hicks
1) The document discusses experiments on using rice straw mulching to improve productivity of no-till wheat grown after rice in Bangladesh.
2) Short-term rice straw mulching for 20 days after sowing was found to be as effective as retaining straw mulch, in conserving soil moisture, reducing weeds, improving nitrogen uptake and wheat root growth.
3) Both short-term mulching and retaining straw mulch led to higher wheat yields compared to no mulch. The optimum nitrogen level for highest yields was found to be 115-122 kg/ha depending on mulch treatment.
The effect of tillage practice and residue management on wheat yield and yiel...Joanna Hicks
This document summarizes a study on the effects of tillage practices and residue management on wheat yield and stability in two agricultural environments in Mexico. In a rainfed highland system in El Batán, zero tillage with full residue retention produced the highest average yield and was more stable than conventional tillage. In an irrigated wheat system in Cd. Obregón, permanent beds with full residue retention yielded the highest and were the most stable. Conservation agriculture practices led to improved yields, especially under more adverse rainfed conditions, but removing or burning all crop residue was found to be unsustainable.
Towards sustainable intensification of maize-legume cropping systems - Ethiop...Joanna Hicks
This document summarizes the findings of the SIMLESA program in Ethiopia which tested Conservation Agriculture (CA) practices versus conventional tillage methods for maize-legume cropping systems. Key findings include:
1) CA practices such as no-tillage, crop rotation, and residue retention led to increased maize yields of over 32% in mid-altitude sub-humid zones compared to conventional tillage.
2) Benefits of CA included improved soil fertility through increased soil organic matter, better soil and water conservation, and weed control. Intercropping also increased total land productivity and resource use efficiency.
3) Widespread adoption of CA practices could increase agricultural productivity and food security in
SIMLESA: one year later. Mulugetta MekuriaJoanna Hicks
This document provides the agenda for two workshops on the SIMLESA program. The first workshop focuses on the integration design and operational framework of SIMLESA and initial findings on conservation agriculture activities. The agenda covers introductions, an overview of the SIMLESA program pathways to impact, analysis of similarities between environments in Queensland and Africa, and initial variety and conservation agriculture effects in Queensland. The second workshop focuses on initial findings from SIMLESA objective 1 on baseline surveys and experiences with sustainable intensification of maize-legume cropping systems in Kenya, Ethiopia, and Mozambique.
Towards sustainable intensification of Maize-Legume cropping systems: Kenya e...Joanna Hicks
The SIMLESA project in Kenya tested conservation agriculture practices to improve maize-legume production for smallholders. Researchers studied the effects of minimal tillage and residue retention on soil properties, water use efficiency, and crop yields over multiple seasons. Results showed that conservation agriculture practices increased water use efficiency and more than doubled maize yields compared to conventional tillage. Crop modeling with APSIM also accurately predicted yields under different management systems. While adoption of conservation agriculture provided benefits, some challenges like residue competition and lack of farm implements remained barriers for smallholders.
This document discusses conservation agriculture and agroforestry practices that incorporate trees. It provides examples from several African countries of how using trees such as Faidherbia albida has increased maize yields, improved soil fertility, and transformed agricultural landscapes. National programs in countries like Malawi, Niger, and Kenya aim to increase tree cover on farms through agroforestry in order to boost food security and restore degraded lands. [/SUMMARY]
Adoption of CA practices: evidence of interdependence in plot level farmer te...Joanna Hicks
This study examines the adoption of conservation agriculture practices (CAPs) among smallholder farmers in Tanzania. It finds that the adoption of different CAPs is interdependent, with practices often adopted as complements or substitutes. The likelihood of adoption is influenced by factors like production risk, access to extension services and markets, social networks, land characteristics, and farm size. Promoting CAP adoption requires properly targeting practices based on agroecology and improving farmers' organizations, market linkages, education, and extension services.
Soil and yield improvements from controlled traffic farming on a red chromoso...Joanna Hicks
Controlled traffic farming (CTF) improved soil structure and increased crop yields compared to conventional wheel traffic (C) methods on a Red Chromosol soil in South Australia over 6 years. Yields were 12-22% greater with CTF in 5 of the 6 years. Deep ripping had no effect on yields. CTF resulted in better soil structure with increased stable soil aggregates over 2mm and greater water infiltration rates compared to C. CTF also showed signs of improved root growth but the impacts on root morphology and response to diseases or stresses were not fully explained. The results were similar to those found on a Black Vertosol, indicating the benefits of CTF can apply across soil types.
Comparison of different soil tillage systems, under several crop rotations in...Joanna Hicks
This study compared different soil tillage systems and crop rotations for wheat production in Turkey's Central Anatolian Plateau region. The objectives were to evaluate the effects of tillage and previous crops on wheat yield under both irrigated and rainfed conditions. Field experiments from 2002-2007 compared conventional tillage, reduced tillage, and no-till under various crop rotations. The results showed that under rainfed conditions, no-till produced the highest wheat yields. Under irrigated conditions, reduced tillage and no-till with sugar beet or bean crop rotations produced the highest wheat yields. Adopting alternative tillage practices and crop rotations could improve wheat yields and farm profits in the region.
The effects of minimum and conventional tillage systems on maize grain yield ...Joanna Hicks
The document evaluates the effects of minimum tillage (MT) and conventional tillage (CT) systems on maize yield and soil fertility in western Ethiopia over 5 years. MT with residue retention (MTRR) increased average maize yields by 6.6% compared to MT with residue removal (MTRV) and 12.2% compared to CT. MTRR also increased yields more during drought years. MTRR improved soil organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium levels compared to MTRV and CT. The recommended nitrogen fertilizer rate of 92 kg/ha was appropriate for all tillage systems.
Controlled traffic/permanent bed farming reduces GHG emissions. Jeff TullbergJoanna Hicks
Controlled traffic/permanent bed farming reduces greenhouse gas emissions by using permanent traffic lanes that minimize soil compaction compared to conventional tillage. A pilot study found nitrous oxide emissions were 5-7 times higher in permanent traffic lanes compared to non-wheeled permanent beds. As controlled traffic farming only wheels 10-20% of the area while conventional farming wheels 50% or more, controlled traffic farming is expected to reduce soil emissions by over 50%. Improved soil health and water use efficiency with controlled traffic farming may also increase carbon input into soils. Further research is still needed across different environments.
Controlled traffic farming, productivity, sustainability and resilience: outc...Joanna Hicks
This document discusses the principles and benefits of controlled traffic farming (CTF). It summarizes CTF as involving permanent wheel tracks, matched machinery, and zonal management to improve soil health and farming efficiencies. The document outlines six key aspects of CTF systems: 1) controlled traffic, 2) designed field layouts, 3) no-till and controlled traffic, 4) new spatial technologies, 5) automated measurement and management tools, and 6) triple bottom line outcomes of increased profits, lower costs, and improved environmental sustainability.
Production systems for the future: balancing trade-offs between food producti...Joanna Hicks
The document discusses balancing trade-offs between food production, environment, livelihoods, and efficiency in future production systems. It notes the need to feed a growing population while maintaining or reducing environmental impacts. Mixed crop-livestock systems currently produce much of the world's food but face increasing pressures from population growth, urbanization, and rising demand for food and livestock products. Sustainable intensification of these systems will be important to close yield gaps while improving efficiency. Trade-offs between different outcomes need to be considered at farm and broader scales.
Sustainable intensification of maize-bean production among smallholder farmer...Joanna Hicks
This document summarizes a study on sustainable intensification of maize-bean production among smallholder farmers in western Kenya using conservation agriculture (CA) principles. The study found that combining minimal tillage and residue retention increased water use efficiency, soil organic matter, and maize yields by over 100% compared to conventional practices. It also found that rhizobial inoculation increased bean yields. Modeling with APSIM showed a high degree of accuracy in predicting maize and bean yields under CA. While CA practices showed promising results, challenges remain around competition for crop residues and lack of appropriate small-scale farm implements.
Nitrogen is essential to capture the benefit of summer rainfall for wheat in ...Joanna Hicks
1) The document discusses how summer rainfall can benefit wheat production in Mediterranean environments of South Australia that typically receive most rainfall in winter.
2) Adding simulated summer rainfall of 50-100mm increased wheat shoot dry matter, PAR interception, and soil water content compared to control plots with only background rainfall.
3) Nitrogen is important for capturing the benefits of summer rainfall to maximize wheat yields.
Biomass shifts and suppresses weed populations under CA. Michael MulvaneyJoanna Hicks
The document summarizes a study on the effects of conservation agriculture practices including cover crops and organic mulches on weed suppression, soil carbon, and collard yields over three years in central-eastern Alabama. Key findings include: 1) Forage soybean was not effective at weed suppression while mulches improved control of broadleaf weeds and sedges after the first year; 2) Weed populations shifted from broadleaves and sedges to more grasses in the second year; and 3) Transitioning to conservation agriculture practices increased soil organic carbon levels but yields were unaffected by mulching or cover crops.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
Global overview of the spread of CA. Theodor Friedrich
1. Global Overview of the Spread
of Conservation Agriculture
Theodor Friedrich, Rolf Derpsch, Amir Kassam
5th World Congress on Conservation Agriculture, Brisbane, 26-29 September 2011 slide 1/x
2. Global Overview of the Spread of
Conservation Agriculture
Outline
• Introduction
• CA definition
• CA adoption global
• CA adoption by regions
• Conclusions
5th World Congress on Conservation Agriculture, Brisbane, 26-29 September 2011 slide 2/x
3. Global Overview of the Spread of
Conservation Agriculture
Conservation Agriculture is spreading:
• CA is mainly a farmer led process
• It represents a shift in production paradigm
• It is increasingly catching the attention of NGOs
and governments
• There is no official data available – the data are
estimates from local organizations
• The data collected in this recent review try to
closer reflect “good quality CA”
5th World Congress on Conservation Agriculture, Brisbane, 26-29 September 2011 slide 2/x
4. Global Overview of the Spread of
Conservation Agriculture
FAO Definition: www.fao.org/ag/ca
Conservation Agriculture (CA)
is an approach to managing agro-
ecosystems for improved and
sustained productivity, increased
profits and food security while
preserving and enhancing the
resource base and the
environment. CA is characterized
by three linked principles, namely:
1. Continuous minimum mechanical soil disturbance.
2. Permanent organic soil cover.
3. Diversification of crop species grown in sequences or
associations.
5th World Congress on Conservation Agriculture, Brisbane, 26-29 September 2011 slide 2/x
5. Global Overview of the Spread of
Conservation Agriculture
This definition translates into following
practices:
• Continuous zero tillage or strip tillage (<15 cm/25%)
• Residue mulch or crop cover (>100, min. 30%)
• Crop rotations (>3 diverse species)
5th World Congress on Conservation Agriculture, Brisbane, 26-29 September 2011 slide 2/x
6. Global Overview of the Spread of
Conservation Agriculture
Global Adoption of No-till/CA
160
150 mill. ha
140
124 mill. ha
120
109 mill. ha
million ha
100
80 Global CA area Mill. ha
No-Tillage
60
40
20
0
1974 1977 1982 1987 1992 1997 1999 2002 2003 2007 2010 2011
5th World Congress on Conservation Agriculture, Brisbane, 26-29 September 2011 slide 2/x
7. 100
50
Mill. ha
US Soil Conservation Service
1930
conservation tillage
Dustbowl
First no-till in the US
Faulkner (US) – Fukuoka (Japan)
1950
dustbowl
Siberia/USSR
commercial no-till/US
5th World Congress on Conservation Agriculture, Brisbane, 26-29 September 2011
1970
first no-till demonstration in Brazil
IITA no-till research
Oldrieve/Zimbabwe
1980
adoption Brazil
plantio direto na palha
History and Adoption of CA
1990
Argentina, Paraguay;
experiments in China, Indogangetic Plains
New boost:
2000
Canada, Australia, Kazak
hstan,
Russia, China, Finland...;
Africa
2010
Global Overview of the Spread of
Conservation Agriculture
slide 2/x
8. Global Overview of the Spread of
Conservation Agriculture
CA adoption
distribution by continent
Europe Sub Saharan Africa
Ukraine and Russia
1% 1%
Asia 4% North Africa & Near East
3% 0%
Australia & New Zealand
14%
South America
45%
(36%)
North America
32%
Total CA about 8% of cropland
5th World Congress on Conservation Agriculture, Brisbane, 26-29 September 2011 slide 2/x
9. Global Overview of the Spread of
Conservation Agriculture
Conservation Agriculture globally 124 Million ha
large scale
Russia,
continental, dry Ukraine 5.1
>50% W Canada Kazakhstan > 1
large continental, dry
(30%)
13.5 scale Europe 1 China 3.1
temperate, moist smallholder
USA arid
15%
26.5
irrigated
Africa 1
tropical savannah
large smallholder
scale
Brazil
tropical savannah
25.5
subtropical, dry
79% Paraguay 2.4 smallholder
large scale Australia 17
temperate, moist
other LA 2.4 arid large scale
Argentina 25.5 (10.5)
large 100% West
scale (35%)
5th World Congress on Conservation Agriculture, Brisbane, 26-29 September 2011 slide 2/x
10. Global Overview of the Spread of
Conservation Agriculture
CA adoption in Latin America
Paraguay, 2,400.00 Uruguay, 655.10, 51
Mexico, 41.00 79% %
Venezuela, 300.00
Colombia, 127.00
Chile, 180.00
quality CA
10,500.00
Argentina, 25,553.0
0
76%
Brazil, 25,502.00
43%
Bolivia, 706.00
5th World Congress on Conservation Agriculture, Brisbane, 26-29 September 2011 slide 2/x
11. Global Overview of the Spread of
Conservation Agriculture
CA adoption in North America
Canada >50% in
Canada, 13,48 Western Canada
1.00
30%
United States
of
America, 26,50
0.00
15%
5th World Congress on Conservation Agriculture, Brisbane, 26-29 September 2011 slide 2/x
12. Global Overview of the Spread of
Conservation Agriculture
CA adoption in Europe
United Finland, 160.00 France, 200.00 Germany, 5.00 Hungary, 8.00
Kingdom, 150.00 , 3% 7%
Ukraine, 600.00 Irland, 0.10
Italy, 80.00
Slovakia, Switzerland, 16.30
10.00
4% Portugal, 32.00
Netherlands, 0.50
Spain, 650.00
5%
Russia, 4,500.00
4%
5th World Congress on Conservation Agriculture, Brisbane, 26-29 September 2011 slide 2/x
13. Global Overview of the Spread of
Conservation Agriculture
CA adoption in North Africa and Middle East
Lebanon, 1.20
Morocco, 4.00
Tunesia, 8.00
Syria, 18.00
5th World Congress on Conservation Agriculture, Brisbane, 26-29 September 2011 slide 2/x
14. Global Overview of the Spread of
Conservation Agriculture
CA adoption in Sub Saharan Africa
Kenya, 33.00 Lesotho, 2.00 Malawi, 16.00
Zimbabwe, 139. Ghana, 30.00
30
4% Madagascar, 6.0
0
Namibia, 0.34
Mozambique, 15
2.00
Zambia, 200.00 4%
4%
South
Africa, 368.00
2%
Sudan, 10.00
5th World Congress on Conservation Agriculture, Brisbane, 26-29 September 2011 slide 2/x
15. Global Overview of the Spread of
Conservation Agriculture
CA adoption in Australia and New Zealand and Asia
New
Zealand,
Korea, DP
162.00 R, 23.00
11%
Kazakhstan,
1,300.00
6%
Australia China, 3,1
17,000.00 00.00
2%
35%
Australia 100% in Western Australia
5th World Congress on Conservation Agriculture, Brisbane, 26-29 September 2011 slide 2/x
16. Global Overview of the Spread of
Conservation Agriculture
% average CA adoption by region based on reporting countries
(and on total arable land of the region)
45 42
40
(37) 34
35
30
25
18
20
15
10
4 3
5 2
(3) 0
0 (0.6) (1)
North Latin Europe * North Africa SubSaharan Asia Australia
America America and Middle Africa and New
East Zealand
* Incl. Russia and Ukraine
5th World Congress on Conservation Agriculture, Brisbane, 26-29 September 2011 slide 2/x
17. Global Overview of the Spread of
Conservation Agriculture
Conclusions
• Conservation Agriculture continues spreading around the world
• Originally a farmer’s driven process only attention is increasing
by governments and development organizations
• CA is getting recognized as tool to Save and Grow
• Some regions still struggle with introduction (Europe, South
Asia)
• Other regions struggle with keeping good quality CA (Latin
America with Soya)
• Further policy support is needed for faster adoption AND for
safeguarding quality of CA to ensure environmental services
5th World Congress on Conservation Agriculture, Brisbane, 26-29 September 2011 slide 2/x
18. Type here title of the presentation
Calibri 14 normal white
CA, the Agriculture of the Future – the Future of Agriculture
More information:
Theodor.Friedrich@fao.org Join the CA-CoP!
http://www.fao.org/ag/ca
Date and place – Calibri 10 normal white slide 3/x