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The effect of tillage practice and residue management on wheat yield and yield stability in two agro-ecological environments in Mexico. Bram Govaerts
1. The effect of tillage practice and residue management
on wheat yield and yield stability in two agro-
ecological environments in Mexico
2. Two cropping systems
Cd. Obregón (39 m):
Irrigated wheat-based system
El Batán (2249 m)
Mexico
Rainfed highland system
City
3. Strategic research
● Long-term and component technology trials
● Different environments
Contrasts and similarities => process level
Keeps thinking flexible
Obregon => mimic environments
● Network of excellence
● Center of training => on farm trials
4.
5.
6.
7. El Batán: Characteristics
● Non-equatorial semi-arid highlands (2240 masl)
● Rain fed agriculture
● Periodical drought
● Periodical water excess
● Wind and water erosion
● Grain yield < 2 ton ha-1
10. Treatments
● Zero tillage
● Conventional tillage
after harvest
One pass with a chisel plough to 30 cm depth
Two passes with a disk harrow to 20 cm depth and two passes
with a spring tooth harrow to 10 cm.
The spring tooth harrow was used when needed for weed
control (typically twice) during the winter fallow season.
the seed bed preparation
One pass with a chisel plough to 30 cm depth
Two passes with a disk harrow to 20 cm depth and one pass
with a spring tooth harrow to 10 cm
17. El Batán: results
Management Average yield Coefficient of
practice (t ha-1 at 12% H2O) variation (%)
CT-Keep 5.31 BC 22.3 B
CT-Remove 5.04 C 23.2 B
ZT-Keep 5.96 A 19.0 B
ZT-Remove 3.92 D 35.8 A
ZT-Keep M1/3W 4.93 C 33.8 A
ZT-Keep1/2 5.59 AB 24.7 B
CT: conventional tillage; ZT: zero tillage
22. Treatments
● Permanent beds
● Conventional tillage
after harvest of each crop
disk harrow to 0.20 m depth (2–3 passes)
the seed bed preparation
Remaking the beds => weed control
24. Cd. Obregón: results
Management Average yield Coefficient of
practice (t ha-1 at 12% H2O) variation (%)
CTB-Keep 7.01 BC 10.69 A
PB-Burn 6.65 C 11.66 A
PB-Remove 7.24 AB 9.53 A
PB-Partial 6.91 BC 10.28 A
PB-Keep 7.42 A 8.65 A
CTB: conventionally tilled beds; PB: permanent beds
25. Cd. Obregón: results
8.5
Treatment yield (Mg/ha at 12% H2O)
8.0
Management Slope Inter- R²
7.5
practice cept
7.0 CTB-Keep 1.07 -0.52 0.95
PB-Burn 1.09 -0.98 0.91
6.5
PB-Remove 0.96 0.42 0.96
6.0
PB-Partial 1.00 -0.11 0.93
5.5 PB-Keep 0.85 1.44 0.91
5.0 CTB: conventionally tilled beds; PB: permanent
5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 beds
Year mean yield (Mg/ha at 12% H2O)
CTB-Keep PB-Burn
PB-Remove PB-Partial
PB-Keep Linear (CTB-Keep)
Linear (PB-Burn) Linear (PB-Remove)
Linear (PB-Partial) Linear (PB-Keep)
26. Conclusion
● CA highest yielding in both environments
● Differences in stability were only found in rain
fed, more adverse conditions
● Straw fully removed or burned combined with ZT
is not sustainable
● More research is needed to design optimal
systems with partial residue retention