Stephen Loss and Hichem Ben Salem presentation during the event "Conservation Agriculture: Overcoming the challenges to adoption and scaling-up" held by IFAD jointly with the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)
Field Visit Observation Prepared and presented by
Meaza Melkamu (grouped with Birehanu and Sileshi)
ACT, Policy and Strategy Adviser
February 28, 2020
Hawassa, Ethiopia
Field Visit Observation Prepared and presented by
Meaza Melkamu (grouped with Birehanu and Sileshi)
ACT, Policy and Strategy Adviser
February 28, 2020
Hawassa, Ethiopia
Conservation Agriculture in Haryana India: Past Experiences & Future Plans
Ashok Kumar Yadav, Director General (Agriculture), Government of Haryana, India
Presenters: Norman Uphoff and Amir Kassam
Title: Agroecological Strategies for Regenerative, Climate-Smart Agriculture with examples from CA and SRI
Venue: World Bank, Washington, DC
Date: September 29, 2016
Sponsor: The 1818 Society and Agriculture Global Practice, World Bank, Washington, DC
Conservation agriculture for resource use efficiency and sustainability BASIX
The Green Revolution era focused on enhancing the production and productivity of crops. New challenges demand that the issues of efficient resource use and resource conservation receive high priority to ensure that past gains can be sustained and further enhanced to meet the emerging needs. Extending some of the resource-conserving interventions developed for the agricultural crops are the major challenges for researchers and farmers alike. The present paper shares recent research experiences on resource conservation technologies involving tillage and crop establishment options and associated agronomic practices which enable farmers in reducing production costs, increase profitability and help them move forward in the direction of adopting conservation agriculture.
Sustainable describes farming systems that are "capable of maintaining their productivity and usefulness to society indefinitely.
Resource-conserving
Socially supportive
Commercially competitive
Environmentally sound
Bruno Gerard presentation during the event "Conservation Agriculture: Overcoming the challenges to adoption and scaling-up" held by IFAD jointly with the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)
Author: Norman Uphoff
Title: Improving Food Production for Health in a Water-Constrained World: Opportunities from Agroecological Knowledge and Experience (SRI)
Presented at: Water for Health Lecture Series, Nebraska Water Center
Date: February 24, 2016
You've all heard the horror stories: kids going blind for lack of vitamin A, millions stunted by lack of micronutrients, rich country food deserts forcing the poor to eat junk food... It don't have to be this way! Malnutrition is not a curse. It's not even that difficult to fix. And trees are very good friends if you want to fix it!
Conservation Agriculture in Haryana India: Past Experiences & Future Plans
Ashok Kumar Yadav, Director General (Agriculture), Government of Haryana, India
Presenters: Norman Uphoff and Amir Kassam
Title: Agroecological Strategies for Regenerative, Climate-Smart Agriculture with examples from CA and SRI
Venue: World Bank, Washington, DC
Date: September 29, 2016
Sponsor: The 1818 Society and Agriculture Global Practice, World Bank, Washington, DC
Conservation agriculture for resource use efficiency and sustainability BASIX
The Green Revolution era focused on enhancing the production and productivity of crops. New challenges demand that the issues of efficient resource use and resource conservation receive high priority to ensure that past gains can be sustained and further enhanced to meet the emerging needs. Extending some of the resource-conserving interventions developed for the agricultural crops are the major challenges for researchers and farmers alike. The present paper shares recent research experiences on resource conservation technologies involving tillage and crop establishment options and associated agronomic practices which enable farmers in reducing production costs, increase profitability and help them move forward in the direction of adopting conservation agriculture.
Sustainable describes farming systems that are "capable of maintaining their productivity and usefulness to society indefinitely.
Resource-conserving
Socially supportive
Commercially competitive
Environmentally sound
Bruno Gerard presentation during the event "Conservation Agriculture: Overcoming the challenges to adoption and scaling-up" held by IFAD jointly with the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)
Author: Norman Uphoff
Title: Improving Food Production for Health in a Water-Constrained World: Opportunities from Agroecological Knowledge and Experience (SRI)
Presented at: Water for Health Lecture Series, Nebraska Water Center
Date: February 24, 2016
You've all heard the horror stories: kids going blind for lack of vitamin A, millions stunted by lack of micronutrients, rich country food deserts forcing the poor to eat junk food... It don't have to be this way! Malnutrition is not a curse. It's not even that difficult to fix. And trees are very good friends if you want to fix it!
Presentation of Ram Dhan Jat at 2013 Kick-Off workshop of the Climate Food and Farming Network: http://ccafs.cgiar.org/climate-food-and-farming-network
A holistic approach to crop production, which encompasses conservation tillage (CT), and also seeks to preserve biodiversity in terms of both flora and fauna. Activities such as Integrated Crop (ICM), Integrated Weed (IWM) and Integrated Pest (IPM) Management form part of Conservation Agriculture (CA)
Lots of great background info on conservation agriculture including use of cover crops and carbon sequestration rates. Delivered to Project Breadbasket conservation agriculture field workshop in Parana State Brazil by Ademir Calegari, PhD, IAPAR, on July 12, 2011 in Pato Branco.
Soil erosion is the washing or blowing away (by wind or water) of the top layer of soil (dirt).Erosion also leaves large holes in the earth, which can weaken buildings and even cause them to collapse.
Hierarchical matrix approximation of large covariance matricesAlexander Litvinenko
We research class of Matern covariance matrices and their approximability in the H-matrix format. Further tasks are compute H-Cholesky factorization, trace, determinant, quadratic form, loglikelihood. Later H-matrices can be applied in kriging.
CASFESA CLOSURE: SIMLESA progress and achievements in Amhara -- Y. MereneCIMMYT
Presentation at a one-day workshop on February 23, 2015, convened to take stock of the Conservation Agriculture and Smallholder Farmers in East and Southern Africa (CASFESA) pilot project. CASFESA scientists share experience after three years of implementation in South Achefer and Jebitehnan Districts of Amhara Region, Northern Ethiopia, from June 2012, ending in March 2015. Funded by the European Union through the International Fund for Agricultural Development, CASFESA aimed at increasing food security and incomes of poor smallholder farmers through sustainable intensification of mixed, cereal-based systems.
The project will leave a rich legacy, including:
• adaptation and demonstration of CA-based technologies on selected farmer plots;
• enhancing pro-poor and gender-sensitive targeting of CA-based interventions;
• improving the delivery of information, including on technologies and market opportunities to smallholders, as well as developing policy options and recommendations that favor these technologies; and,
• enhancing the capacity of research, and development interventions, for project stakeholders.
Postharvest Loss Reduction and Agro-processing in Nigeria: Current Developmen...Lateef Dimeji
Postharvest Loss Reduction and Agro-processing in Nigeria: Current Development and Trends by Professor Lateef Oladimeji Sanni - Deputy Vice Chancellor (Development)
President, International Society for Tropical Root Crops
Country Manager, Cassava: Adding Value for Africa (CAVAII)-2008-2019
Tawanda Muzhingi presents an overview of Flagship Project 4 'Nutritious food and added value' of the CGIAR Research Program on Roots, Tubers and Bananas (RTB), during the 18th Triennial Symposium of the International Society of Tropical Roots Crops (ISTRC) in October 2018.
Application of the principles of Sustainable Intensification (SI) on smallhol...ILRI
Presented by G.J. Manyawu, P. Thorne, S. Moyo, A. Omore, B. Lukuyu, H. Katjiuongua, I. Wright and I. Chakoma at the 9th African Dairy Conference and Exhibition Harare, Zimbabwe, 24-26 September 2013
Presenter: M. H. Emadi
Title: SRI in Iran
Date: June 15, 2016
Venue: Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
Sponsor: SRI-Rice, International Programs, CALS, Cornell University
Author: Khidhir Abbas Hameed
Title: Iraq - Initiatives to Spread the SRI in the Middle East and Central Asia
Presented at: The Workshop to Enhance Cooperation and Sharing among SRI National Networks in Asia
Date: October 18-19, 2018
Venue: Leverage Business Hotel-Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
Presented By: Tareke Berhe, Ayele G. Ayetenfisu,
Zewdie Gebretsadik, and Norman Uphoff
Title: The System of Tef Intensification:
Opportunities for greater food security in Ethiopia, and elsewhere, through modifications in crop management
Date: October 13, 2015
Venue: 2nd International Conference on Global Food Security, Cornell University
Speakers: Gaoussou Traore and Erika Styger
Title: Improving and Scaling Up SRI in West Africa - A Success Story
Date: September 15, 2015
Venue: SRI-Rice Seminar Series, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
Similar to ICARDA’s Conservation Agriculture Experiences (20)
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
Understanding the Challenges of Street ChildrenSERUDS INDIA
By raising awareness, providing support, advocating for change, and offering assistance to children in need, individuals can play a crucial role in improving the lives of street children and helping them realize their full potential
Donate Us
https://serudsindia.org/how-individuals-can-support-street-children-in-india/
#donatefororphan, #donateforhomelesschildren, #childeducation, #ngochildeducation, #donateforeducation, #donationforchildeducation, #sponsorforpoorchild, #sponsororphanage #sponsororphanchild, #donation, #education, #charity, #educationforchild, #seruds, #kurnool, #joyhome
What is the point of small housing associations.pptxPaul Smith
Given the small scale of housing associations and their relative high cost per home what is the point of them and how do we justify their continued existance
A process server is a authorized person for delivering legal documents, such as summons, complaints, subpoenas, and other court papers, to peoples involved in legal proceedings.
Presentation by Jared Jageler, David Adler, Noelia Duchovny, and Evan Herrnstadt, analysts in CBO’s Microeconomic Studies and Health Analysis Divisions, at the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists Summer Conference.
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
Many ways to support street children.pptxSERUDS INDIA
By raising awareness, providing support, advocating for change, and offering assistance to children in need, individuals can play a crucial role in improving the lives of street children and helping them realize their full potential
Donate Us
https://serudsindia.org/how-individuals-can-support-street-children-in-india/
#donatefororphan, #donateforhomelesschildren, #childeducation, #ngochildeducation, #donateforeducation, #donationforchildeducation, #sponsorforpoorchild, #sponsororphanage #sponsororphanchild, #donation, #education, #charity, #educationforchild, #seruds, #kurnool, #joyhome
PPT Item # 9 - 2024 Street Maintenance Program(SMP) Amendment
ICARDA’s Conservation Agriculture Experiences
1. Stephen Loss and Hichem Ben Salem
Diversified and Sustainable Production Systems, ICARDA
ICARDA’s Conservation Agriculture
Experiences
Presentation Outline
• overview of CA projects
• details of successful Iraq/Syria project
• ongoing constraints to adoption
2. Project title Countries Years Funder
On-farm soil and water management for
sustainable agricultural systems in Central Asia
KZ, KRG, TJK,
TKM, UZB
2000 – 2003 ADB
Improving rural livelihoods through efficient on-
farm water and soil fertility Management in
Central Asia
AZ, KZ, KRG,
TJK, TKM,
UZB
2004 – 2007 ADB
Enabling Communities in the Aral Sea Basin to
Combat Land and Water Resource Degradation
through the Creation of ‘Bright’ Spots
KZ, KRG, TJK,
TKM and UZB
2007 – 2009 ADB
Sustainable agriculture practices in the drought
affected region of Karakalpakstan
UZB 2003 – 2007 FAO
Support Project on Sustainable Land
Management Research
KZ, KRG, TJK,
TKM, UZB
2007 – 2009 ADB
Conservation Agriculture for Irrigated areas in
Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan
AZ, KZ and
UZB
2011 – 2013 GoT
Integrated Crop-Livestock CA for Sustainable
Intensification of Cereal-based Systems in
North Africa and Central Asia
TJK 2013 - 2016 IFAD
CA Projects in Central Asia
3. • Kazakhstan 2.1 million ha,
• Uzbekistan 0.6 million ha min-till wheat (1 yr only),
including 2,450 ha in rainfed area,
• Tajikistan 25,000-50,000 ha min-till wheat,
• Kyrgyzstan 700 ha,
• Turkmenistan no data.
CA Adoption in Central Asia
4. FOOD LEGUMES (lentil, grasspea, chickpea)
Estimated 18 - 20,000ha CA in Madhya Pradesh, Andhra
Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, Assam.
ICRISAT promoting CA technology in chickpea and ICARDA for
lentil & grasspea.
450,000 ha broadcast seeding of
grasspea as a relay crop after rice in
Bangladesh, Nepal and India (Bihar,
Chhattisgarh, eastern Uttar Pradesh,
Assam and West Bengal).
CA Adoption in South Asia
5. Project title Countries Years Funder
Promotion of conservation cropping in the
drylands of northern Iraq
Iraq (Syria) 2005– 2015 ACIAR
Improving the Food Security and Climate Change
Adaptability of Livestock Producers using the
Rainfed Barley-based System
in Iraq and Jordan
Iraq & Jordan 2011 – 2014 IFAD
Adapting CA for Rapid Adoption by Smallholder
Farmers in North Africa
Morocco,
Algeria &
Tunisia
2012 – 2015 ACIAR
Integrated Crop-Livestock CA for Sustainable
Intensification of Cereal-based Systems in North
Africa and Central Asia
Algeria,
Tunisia & TJK
2013 - 2016 IFAD
CRP Dryland Systems Morocco,
Tunisia &
Syria,/Jordan
2013 - CGIAR
CA Projects in Middle East & North Africa
6. Promotion of Conservation Agriculture
in Drylands of Northern Iraq 2005-15
University of Western Australia
University of Adelaide
University of Mosul, Iraq*
State Boards of Agricultural Research, Iraq
Ministry of Agriculture, Iraq
Directorate of Agriculture, Iraq
7. ACIAR CA Project - Target Region
Phase 1: 2005-08
Phase 2: 2008-12
Phase 3: 2012-14
expanded target
area
Used Australian
experience &
knowledge because
of similar agro-
ecologies.
Aleppo
8. Progress: 2005 to 2012Project Impact 2005-2014
Good start in develop promoting zero tillage in Iraq & Syria
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
NumberofFarmers
Areaofzero-tillage(ha)
Iraq Area
Syria Area
Iraq Farmers
Syria Farmers
?
9. Three pivotal strategies were :
1. Focus on adaptive research and development
2. Availability of low cost zero-tillage seeders
3. Participatory extension – farmer testing
How Has Adoption Come About?How Has Adoption Come About?
10. Strategy 1:Tillage R & D
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
Wheat Chickpea Barley Lentil
CT
ZT
MeanGrainYieldkg/ha
Mean yield CT vs ZT over four years* at Tel Hadya, Syria
2008/09 – 2011/12
11. Strategy 1:Tillage R & DMeanGrainYieldkg/ha
Mean yield early vs late over four years* at Tel Hadya
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
Wheat Chickpea Barley Lentil
Sown early
Sown 4 wks later
2008/09 – 2011/12
12. Strategy 1:Tillage R & DMeanGrainYieldkg/ha
Mean yield early ZT vs late CTover four years* at Tel Hadya
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
Wheat Chickpea Barley Lentil
CT Late
ZT Early
18% 20% 12% 15% mean increase
2008/09 – 2011/12
13. Many development projects relied on
imported zero-tillage (ZT) seeders
European or South American seeders
- big, heavy, & expensive.
Imported ZT Indian seeders
– light & fragile
Can we do better locally?
Can we modify existing seeders?
Can we make our own?
Strategy 2: Low cost ZT seeders
14. Dr Jacky Desbiolles
Uni of South Australia
Seeder training Erbil 2013
Strategy 2: Low cost ZT seeders
15. Seeder features: all spring tines, wide-spaced rows, narrow points, seed/fertilizer
delivery, 2 - 4m wide, 3PL or trailed, low cost ≈ $2000-6000.
Seven Syrian village manufacturers: 2008-12: made/sold >100 seeders
Strategy 2: Low cost ZT seeders - Syria
17. Two manufacturers in Mosul planned 24 new seeders
plus kits for 40 conversions in 2014.
Strategy 2: Low cost ZT seeders - Iraq
AlhafidhaRas Alrumh
18. Strategy 2: Low cost ZT seeders - Jordan
First ZT Seeder Prototype - Rama
Made in Amman Jordan - 16 rows x 3.6m, trailed
Nov 2012
10 rows x 2.1m prototype tested in Anbar
Sowing trials in Jordan
19. Strategy 2: Low cost ZT seeders - Iran
Sazek Kesht (Boukan) seeder test in
Garmiyan (Iraq)
Taka seeder test in Ankawa Erbil
20. ACIAR-
ICARDA
GCSAR
Extension
FarmersManufacturers
NGOs
ACIAR-ICARDA Iraq Project
NARES
o Research Commission (GCSAR)
o Directorate of Extension
o Aleppo University
NGO
o Aga Khan Foundation
Private sector
o farmers
o seeder manufacturers
o Syrian Libyan Company (SYLICO)
o private consultants
Stakeholder meeting
6 August 2009
Strategy 3: Participatory Extension
23. • stop plowing
• if needed, kill weeds at sowing with glyphosate
• plant early (November)
• use ZT seeder for all crops
• use good quality seed of best adapted varieties
• reduce seed rates; 50-100kg/ha cereals; 100-150kg/ha pulses
• sow consistently at optimum depth (4-6cm)
• use best fertility & weed/disease/pest management
• include non-cereals in rotation IF POSSIBLE
• keep stubble IF POSSIBLE - don’t burn
• graze stubble IF POSSIBLE - doesn’t cancel ZT benefits
CONSIDERABLE FLEXIBLITY
“Conservation Cropping” Package
24. Strategy 3: Participatory Extension
Season No fields* Mean yield ZT
t/ha
Mean yield CT
t/ha
Increase
%
2008/09 42 2.50 2.14 17
2009/10 163 1.66 1.39 19
2010/11 358 2.29 2.16 6
2010/11 103 0.55 0.00 ∞
Almost all farmers did not change their rotations or crop residue grazing.
Mean farmer yields under ZT plus early sowing and nearby CT fields in Syria.
* Mostly wheat & barley, with some lentil & chickpea
Farmer Evaluation of ZT in Syria
25. Strategy 3: Participatory Extension
A 2011 survey 820 farmer using ZT & early sowing - on average
the ZT farmer produced about 465 kg/ha (31%) more yield,
reduced fuel and labor costs, and net farm income was increased
by US$194/ha.
If 80% of Syrian wheat farmers adopted ZT, extra 630,000 tonnes
and increase incomes by $254 million.
ZT will be an important strategy for Syria
& Iraq to restart their agricultural economies
and food security.
Syrian Farmer Survey (Yigezu et al. 2014)
26. “Conservation Cropping” Package
+earlysowing CONSERVATION
AGRICULTURE
ZeroTillage
SoilCover
DiverseRotations
Increased yield
Decreased fuel cost
Decreased labor cost
Improved soil fertility
Decreased erosion
Less greenhouse gas
Early/timely sowing
Greater Long Term Profits
? ?
?
?
28. Future in Iraq ….
Center for CA Research – Uni of Mosul
Plus MoA Baghdad initiative to expand CA into central and
southern Iraq in irrigated areas.
29. Constraints to Adoption
1) Civil unrest in Syria, Iraq and elsewhere causing disruption.
But there is now a critical mass of experienced farmers,
researchers & manufacturers to
ensure ongoing adoption of ZT
when peace returns.
31. Constraints to Adoption
2) More attention to food and forage legumes – weed
management, yields, harvestability, wheat subsidies.
3) Value of crop residues for the soil and/or livestock – this
critical question is being investigated in Tunisia & Algeria in the
CLCA project funded by IFAD.
32. Constraints to Adoption
4) Ongoing technical support for seeder manufacturers,
especially in North Africa and Central Asia.
5) Lack of motivation & poor farm management skills of
small land holders – agriculture is not their main income source.
6) Poor awareness & knowledge - weak research & extension
services in some countries.
7) Inflexibility & dogmatism –
trying to push the whole CA
package at once.