The main goal of this project is the establishment, within the restoration work, of a natural ecosystem by creating different habitats underrepresented in the vicinity of the Ivonne quarry. This will enhance the coexistence of a high level biodiversity of fauna and flora which will be able to maintain or even increase the population of a large group of species. Some of these species are under degree of threat worldwide or are endemic in the region. The project won the 1st Prize in National Quarry Life Award in 2012 in Spain. Read more: http://www.quarrylifeaward.com/project/habitat-creation-biodiversity-promotion-ecological-restoration-quarry-creacion-de-habitats

1. HABITAT CREATION FOR BIODIVERSITY
1
PROMOTION IN THE ECOLOGICAL
RESTORATION OF IVONNE’S QUARRY
(SPAIN)
Author: Jaume Vila Clapera
Collaborating institutions:

2. 2
Index
1. Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….3
2. Proposals…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….3
3. Monitoring proposals………………………………………………………………………………………….7
4. Involved group…………………………………………………………………………………………………….9
5. Added value………………………………………………………………………………………………………..9
6. Budget…………………………………………………………………………………………………….………...11
7. Bibliography……………………………………………………………………………………………….………12
8. Chronology…………………………………………………………………………………………………….…..16
9. Annex………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……..19

3. 3
1. Introduction
The main aim of this project is the establishment, within the restoration work, of a
natural ecosystem by creating different habitats underrepresented in the vicinity of
the quarry Ivonne. This will enhance the coexistence of a high level biodiversity of
fauna and flora which will be able to maintain or even increase the population of a
large group of species. Some of these species, such as the western spadefoot
(Pelobates cultripes, Cuvier, 1829) are under degree of threat worldwide or are
endemic in the region.
The importance of the recreation of a natural ecosystem provided with a high diversity
of habitats that makes possible the existence and development of high biodiversity
might be, in the future, a solid argument for the inclusion of the restored area in the
Natural Park of “El Montnegre i el Corredor” (PNMC), a fact that can benefit
biodiversity in the area and in the Natural Park (and Heidelberg Cement as well).
In addition, another important objective of this project is to share good practices with
the scientific community and the people of the area which will enjoy educationally and
environmentally the restored site. This means involving civil society in the process of
restoration and publicizing the benefits and opportunities posed to the different actors
of the territory.
Finally, concerning the quarry company, the most direct benefit is the contribution to
the creation of a corporate image that respects the environment, especially interesting
in the context of Catalonia where the company is poorly known at this level. Another
indirect benefit is the proof to the competent authority that an effective restoration
can be a good mechanism of correction and compensation of damage, which may
facilitate the authorization to operate within the boundaries of lands included in
Natura 2000.
2. Proposals:
Actions proposed in this project for biodiversity promotion can be divided in two
groups: those scheduled during the extraction phase (section A) and those executed
during the restoration phase (section B).
Section A: Biodiversity promotion during the extraction phase
1. Store the topsoil or edaphic soil from extraction areas. This good environmental
practice, already used by Heidelberg Cement (Rademacher, 2010), intended to keep
the seed bank and soil with characteristics similar to pre-extraction conditions
(Bradshaw et al., 1989; Alcaniz, et al., 2008, Jorba et al., 2010). This practice achieve
also reduce or prevent the risk of invasion by foreign species, a commom phenomenon
when external soils are used. External soils tend to have different physical and
chemical properties and therefore tend to hinder the natural restoration process. The
soils extracted by topsoiling must be carefully stored in order to avoid the major risks
of degradation: (i) destruction of soil structure, (ii) loss of organic matter by
mineralization and fertility decline by the leaching of nutrients.

4. 2. Maintain a part of a cliff in order to facilitate the colonization of rupicolous wildlife.
This measure tends to favor biodiversity by allowing the establishment of rare species
(Castillo I. et al., 2008; Federación de Áridos, 2010), or species with a certain degree of
protection. This is often an overlooked aspect in restoration projects (Madroño, A., et
al., 2004; Castillo I. et al. 2008). Moreover, this is a minimal intervention action which
aims to leave a rock face with small irregularities and landings where some birds can
establish . Active or restored quarries containing this habitat type have proved
conducive to the establishment of different rock-dwelling birds (I. Castillo et al., 2008).
An example of this is the nesting of Bubo bubo in a granite quarry in Llinars del Vallès,
near the Ivonne quarry.
3. Make small holes in the cliff in order to create refuges that serve as rupicolous bird
nesting points. These holes can be created using a drilling machine at an approximate
height of about 10 to 20 m, with a diameter of about 20 to 30 cm and with a distance
between them of about 40 to 50 cm. This is a practical example to encourage nesting
of birds, such as Petronia petronia, which nests on cliffs, rocks and quarries. This
measure reduces the lack of availability of nesting cavities, which is a critical factor for
the nesting of these species (Baucells, J. et al., 2007).
Different experiences of restoration (Estrada, 2008) have proved the effectiveness of
this type of simple actions to promote colonization of cliff-nesting birds, some of which
have been sighted in the landscape context of the quarry. Creation of these nesting
sites (along the scrubland that is intended to generate) enables the establishment of a
considerable variety of birds native to these environments.
4. Keep existing temporary ponds. These ponds will be located depending on the
requirements of the extraction process, in order to preserve breeding points and
wildlife refuges, especially for amphibious species, as the western spadefoot
(Pelobates cultripes). This is an endemic and threatened toad (NT category,
International Union for Conservation of Nature, IUCN) (see Annex. Figure 1), whose
ecological requirements are compatible with the environmental characteristics of this
quarry, and above all, with the temporary ponds promoted in this project. According to
various studies, Pelobates cultripes individuals have been found near quarry, but in
small populations (Campeny, R., 1997; Ballesteros, T., et al 2000; Campeny, R., et al.,
2004).
5. Creation of five piles of stones that can generate a multipurpose habitat for a variety
of different species of arthropods, reptiles (snakes, snakes, lizards), rabbits and birds,
some of which are already present around the quarry (Ballesteros, T., 2000; previous
observations. See section B, paragraph 3). It is proposed to make piles of stones of
different sizes, with height between 1 to 2 m and diameter between 2 to 5 m. These
piles may move according to the requirements during extraction.
6. Seed collection of woody species identified in the quarry flora inventory: Lavandula
stoechas, Cistus salviifolius, Cistus albidus, C. monspeliensis, Sarothamnus scoparius,
Erica arborea and Calicotome spinosa.. Once collected, these will be planted in a small
nursery within the quarry. This aims to create a simple and small nursery in which the
4

5. workers themselves can carry out maintenance tasks under the supervision of the
members of this project. Besides getting some plants better adapted at microclimate
conditions of the area, this work will serve to instill in the workers good environmental
practices and respect for the environment. This will result in benefits for the workers
and for the company itself. The nursery consists on small containers filled with topsoil
of the quarry where seeds collected will be sown. After one year the different species
will be planted in the area to restore the area as a siliceous woodland (see Annex I.
Figure 2).
7. Harvesting and planting Sarothamnus arboreus subsp. catalaunicus seeds. This
fabaceae is endemic to the region and its presence has been documented in the
vicinity of the quarry (Bolós et al., 1984-2001; Font, 2012) (Annex I. Figure 3). We
propose to collect seeds of the nearest Sarothamnus colony that will be planted in the
nursery with the supervision of the members of this project. After one year
Sarothamnus saplings will be planted in the area to be restored (see Annex. Figure 2).
5
Section B. Biodiversity promotion during restoration:
1. Maintain a rock cliff to favor rupicolous species, as well as reduce the need of filler
land, that could reduce substantially the cost of the project. The rest of the zone will
be morphologically adapted with slow slopes to minimize erosion risk. Runoff will be
controlled with a drainage web that will collect water in the water ponds.
2. Topsoil reposition that will facilitate spontaneous revegetation of the restored area.
A previous characterization of the soil will be done in order to detect edaphic
limitations and to amend it is necessary.
3. Establishment of interconnected temporary ponds to promote biodiversity (Gómez,
2009) on multi-scale dimension. This habitat is scarce in the area and represents an
Habitat of Community Interest (HCI) listed by the European Union in Annex I to
Directive 97/62/EC (European Commission, 2007). The main purpose of the ponds is
the preservation of amphibian populations, because they are a group threatened
worldwide (Houlahan et al., 2000, Stuart, S., 2004) and particularly in the Iberian
Peninsula (Rivera, M., et al. 2009; Galan, P., et al. 2010; Maso, A., 2011). Primarily, the
western spadefoot (Pelobates cultripes) is expected to establish in this habitat.
According to different studies, this specie is present in the ecological environment of
the quarry (Campeny, R., 19 97; Ballesteros, T., et al 2000; Campeny, R., et al. , 2004)
and requires for its reproduction and development environments with sandy materials
and temporary ponds. So, the quarry Ivonne has a good aptitude for its establishment.
Pelobates cultripes is considered a Franco-Iberian endemism, near threatened (NT)
worldwide according to the IUCN. In the Iberian Peninsula are some endangered
(Maso, A., 2011) or declining populations (Galan, P., et al., 2010), as also in the
metropolitan area of Barcelona (Rivera, M., 2009) near the quarry.
It is proposed to construct four temporary ponds of different sizes, shapes and depths
that allow partial settlement of hydrophilic vegetation in order to increase the
ecological niches and therefore biodiversity (Whitehouse, AT, 2008, Sancho, V., et al.

6. 2010, M. Rademacher, 2010; Aggregates Federation, 2010; Pond Conservation, 2001,
INULA, 2011). Sizes will be approximately 10 to 30 m 3, with depths of no more than
two feet. Ponds will be waterproof using fine materials available on the quarry. These
ponds serve as a breeding refuge for several amphibian like Pelophylax perezi, Bufo
bufo and Epidalea Calamintha (= Bufo Calamintha), invertebrates, Lepidoptera,
Diptera, amongst others. All of them were observed during the surveys in the quarry.
For ponds vegetation planting includes Phragmites australis, Thypha angustifolia and
Holoschoenus romanus, species that favor wildlife development as they are used as
points of feeding, mating, breeding, egg laying and shelter, among others. In case
Pelobates cultipres does not colonize in the ponds, reintroduction is proposed as there
is evidence that in similar cases this has been successful (Rivera, 2011). In this sense
the Catalan Society of Herpetology has expressed interest in following up the results of
the project in relation to the establishment of this species in the quarry, and to assist
in their reintroduction if deemed necessary.
4. Creation of five permanent piles of stones of different sizes (see the measures
proposed in Section A, proposal 5) made of materials from the quarry itself and at
various distances between them, within the restored area. Its main objective is the
creation of microhabitats for nesting, shelter, basking or hunting points for a number
of species such as barn owl (Tyto alba), lizards, snakes, rabbits, among others. Some of
the species adapted to these environments are protected by current legislation (Cosa,
2009), which adds value to the conservation and promotion of this biodiversity.
Moreover, this measure will help to reconnect the food chain of the restored area of
the quarry with their environment, favouring the resistance and resilience of the
ecosystem created (a good example of ecological restoration).
5. Creation of a low open siliceous scrubland. Revegetation will be done by planting
seedlings from the nursery (see section A, proposal 6). By using seedlings from the
same quarry, adapted to microclimatic conditions, the survival ratio will be optimized
and intraspecific diversity maintained.
The main goal of this proposal is to preserve underrepresented habitats around the
quarry Ivonne (MCSC, 2009) (see Annex I. Figure 4). It also favours a mosaic of forest,
scrubland and farmland which is beneficial for the coexistence of a large number of
species (Valecillo, S. et al., 2008). Some authors have documented that an effective
agroforestry promotion nurtures hymenoptera populations such as bees (Dafni et al.,
1994, Petanidou et al., 1996; Petanidou et al., 2005a; Petanidou et al., 2005b). In
addition, other authors suggest that open scrubland may favor the installation of
different bird species (Valecillo, S. et al., 2008 ). This action promotes an
underrepresented habitat within a mosaic that can accommodate and foster a high
number of species.
If it is considered that the spontaneous entry of pollinators in the restored area is
insufficient, installation of beehives by contact with a beekeeper to the area is
proposed. Placement of hives in strategic areas of the restored zone will minimize any
inconvenience caused by these and optimize its pollination function.
6

7. This action may increase the benefits of the restoration offered by providing different
ecosystem services while also supporting the pollination in the restored area, thereby
accelerating the process of restoration.
6. Planting Sarothamnus arboreus spp. catalaunicus in the siliceous shrub community.
This endemic species to this region (Bolós et al., 1984-2001) and has been identified in
the area adjacent to the quarry (Font, X., 2012). Currently its distribution is restricted
to areas of acidic soils in the catalan coastal mountains. Consequently, this
introduction represents a significant added value to global biodiversity. Seeds planted
in the quarry will be collected from individuals that grow nearby (see Phase A,
proposal 7).
7. Creation of an interpretative circuit along the restored area of the quarry Ivonne,
with connection to the area of the romanesque church of Sant Sadurní of Collsabadell
and the service area of the motorway AP-7. This service area has a large influx, which
will favour the circuit visitation and its use as a rest area, recreation area and
educational area.
This initiative promotes the visualization of the restoration process proposed in this
project to the population of the area and to other parts of the state, and even abroad,
as the AP-7 is an artery of communication within the Mediterranean corridor. It should
be mentioned that there are already examples of the success of this type of initiatives
along the same motorway: Llobateras old gravel pit, located in Hostalric, now
converted in wetland accessible from a rest area, or El Mèdol ancient Roman quarry, in
Tarragona, accessible from the homonymous service area.
7
3. Monitoring proposals
Tracking project results are expected at two levels. In a first level, there is monitoring
of ecological restoration using the new protocol RESTOCAT (Carabassa et al., 2012)
prepared by the members of this team on behalf of the department of Evaluation and
Restoration extractive activities of the Government of Catalonia. It is a tool available to
companies in order to assess and monitor the results of ecological restoration in
mining activities. This new protocol makes it possible to assess different ecosystem
functions, such as maintenance of biodiversity, both at slope and landscape scale, by
monitoring the presence and development of flora and fauna in the different areas
that are proposed in this project, especially in the Mediterranean siliceous scrubland.
This protocol is specifically designed to facilitate the involvement of the staff in
monitoring the restoration process as it is this same staff responsible for
implementation of the protocol in the restored area periodically. Furthermore,
information obtained from the application of the RESTOCAT protocol can be used to
calculate some of the biodiversity indicators of HeildelbergCement and the Cement
Sustainability Initiative (CSI).
There is a second level of monitoring specifically for each proposal part so as to
evaluate its effectiveness:

8. -To evaluate the effectiveness of keeping a rock face five samplings are proposed
during the two following springs, from March to June, from sunrise to sunset, to assess
whether bird nesting is sedentary or seasonal. In the case of rock flora, there will be
monitoring during the following two springs, two random samples of rock faces in
order to assess the presence / absence of such species. There will also be collaboration
in monitoring with Ivonne’s staff.
- To evaluate the effectiveness of the holes in the rock face as bird nests the same
method will be used as in the previous proposal.
- To evaluate the effectiveness of temporary ponds during the operational phase
monitoring is proposed, once a month, from March to late September. In order to
assess ponds, direct and indirect sampling of amphibians will be done to monitor
different species at different stages, from larval to juvenile levels to know the
population status.
- An analysis of abundance and biodiversity of arthropod population and other groups
will be made according to the characteristics of each group. Monitoring will take place
once a month between March to September. Biodiversity indices of HeidelbergCement
will be used, too.
- The piles of rocks will be monitored throughout the year, once a month, to assess the
presence / absence of visual wildlife, trails, etc. of whole classes of animals which can
take refuge in it.
- The siliceous shrubs will be evaluated during the next two years, by individual’s
survival in late summer and seed development depending on each species.
- Sarothamnus arboreus subsp. catalaunicus will be evaluated during the next two
years, using individual’s survival in late summer and seed development in early
summer.
- To evaluate the effectiveness of the scrubland as favouring biodiversity, it will be
sampled by different techniques, according to wildlife groups. Here the biodiversity
indicators of HeildelbergCement will be used as well.
- The effectiveness of the circuit is assessed based on the frequency of people during
the next two years, after completion the project. The entrance area will be monitored
to assess people frequenting two weekends a month, during the period from March to
September. Visitors will also be surveyed to provide feedback on the project.
Monitoring results will be included in an annual report that will be delivered to the
company.
- It is expected to involve Ivonne’s staff in the follow-up of wildlife parallel to the
implementation of the protocol RESTOCAT, especially during the operational phase, as
their knowledge to asses the different habitats created can be a valuable source of
information.
8

9. - Finally, there will be an annual report to disseminate the project results of the quarry
Ivonne.
9
4. Involved groups in the project
The author of this project is Biologist from the Autonomous University of Barcelona
and has formed in the field of ecological restoration. He has successfully completed the
Master in Management and Restoration of Natural Environment taught at the University
of Barcelona. The project will be done in collaboration with the Centre for Ecological
Research and Forestry Applications (www.creaf.cat) and the Department of Animal
Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology of the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, two
institutions with a long and recognized expertise in the field of the ecological
restoration and the promotion of the biodiversity. CREAF is considered a centre of
excellence at the international level, with numerous publications in prestigious
scientific journals. These institutions will facilitate valuable help to achieve the
objectives set out in this project.
5. Added value
This project has, in our opinion, a high added value, which can differentiate it from
other proposals. First of all, we incorporate the four topics discussed: promoting
biodiversity during the operational phase, increasing knowledge about biodiversity in
selected mining areas, supporting biodiversity in restored lands, and establishing links
between the development of the mining activity and the social benefits derived from
the rehabilitation of the mined areas and the increase of biodiversity. Thus, our
proposal provides an holistic and multidisciplinary view, necessary in any project with
an ecological perspective (SER, 2004).
Proposals are not limited to the promotion of biodiversity, but will imply the creation
of needed habitats and the introduction of endemic or threatened species, with a
limited worldwide distribution, or who have suffered a significant loss of habitats, such
as Pelobates cultripes. It should be additionally kept in mind that the potential
distribution of P. cultripes is also negatively affected by climatic change, so that
different national and international institutions indicate the need to establish
measures for their conservation in situ (Araújo et al. 2011), as raised in the present
project. Although the area surrounding the mining area is mainly dominated by cork,
shrub promotion during the restoration phase will also be a measure of adaptation to
climate change, as a decline of the abundance of cork is expected in the next 50 years
due to the increase in aridity (Felicísimo et al., 2010).
Another added value of the project is the generation of knowledge related to quarry
rehabilitation, as different measures will be tested concerning building habitats,
managing flora and fauna, and nursery development. This kind of knowledge will be
first of all useful to the mining company, but it will also improve the scientific
understanding of ecological processes that are involved in the restoration and the
promotion of the biodiversity of heavily degraded areas.

10. Regarding biodiversity, another value of the project is that it increases not only the
biological diversity, but also the diversity at the landscape, creating habitats sparsely
represented in the landscape of the quarry, as temporary ponds or walls of siliceous
rock. This would enhance the establishment of a mosaic of agricultural, forestry and
grazing areas which are increasingly rare in Spain. Among the several advantages of
the development of a patched landscape, it must be remarked the large reduction of
vulnerability to forest fires.
Last, but not least, our proposal discloses to the society the restoration activities and
the environmental policy of the company by the nature loop. Furthermore, it
promotes the imperative collaboration between the private companies and the public
institutions.
10

11. 11
6. Budget
Stages Actions
Price (Without
taxes)
Block A
Carry out small holes in the rocky face 3.000 €
Maintain temporary ponds 450 €
Temporary piles of rocks establishment 500 €
Shrubs seed collection 250 €
Nursery creation and maintenance 2.400 €
Sarothamnus seed collection 200 €
Block B
Establishment of ponds 5.000 €
Piles of rocks establishment 500 €
Plantation of shrubs 2.500 €
Plantation of Sarothamnus 800 €
Interpretative circuit creation 5.500 €
Rocky face maintenance 800 €
Monitoring
Establishment of fauna in small holes 800 €
Establishment of flora and fauna in ponds 980 €
Establishment of fauna in piles of rocks 1.800 €
State of scrubland 600 €
Use of interpretative circuit 3.900 €
TOTAL 29.980 €

12. 12
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14

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15

16. 16
8. Chronology
Actions during quarrying
Actions Autumn Winter Spring Summer
Topsoil storage
Rock face drilling
Piles of rocks creation
Temporary ponds maintenance
Shrub seeds collection
Sarothamnus seeds collection

17. 17
Actions during restoration
Actions Autumn Winter
Topsoil reposition
Definitive piles of rocks
creation
Definitive ponds creation
Scrubland species
plantation
Sarothamnus plantation
Interpretative circuit
creation

18. 18
Actions during monitoring
Actions (1st year) Summer Autumn Winter Spring Summer
RESTOCAT protocol
Rocky face colonization
Rocky holes colonizations
Use of piles of rocks
Ponds colonization
Shrubland development
Sarothamnus' s survival
Interpretative circuit afluence
Action (2nd year) Summer Autumn Winter Spring Summer
RESTOCAT protocol
Rocky face colonization
Rocky holes colonizations
Use of piles of rocks
Ponds colonization
Shrubland development
Sarothamnus' s survival
Interpretative circuit afluence

19. 19
9. Annex.
Figure 1. Pelobates cultripes distribution area in the world.
Source: http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/search. Visited on August 4, 2012.

20. 20
Figure 2a. Location of proposals during quarrying.

21. 21
Figure 2b. Quarry zonification according restoration proposals.

22. 22
Figure 3. Sarothamnus arboreus subsp. catalaunicus distribution area in the world.
Source: http://biodiver.bio.ub.es/biocat/. Visited on August 4, 2012.

23. 23
Figure 4. Soil cover in Ivonne’s vicinity
Legend Forest Shrub Meadow Nude areas Field Urban Quarries
Colour
Source: www.creaf.uab.es/mcsc/. Visited on 4th August, 2012.