A presentation from the WCCA 2011 event held in Brisbane, Australia.

1. Laik R, Saharawat Y, Singh SS, Ladha JK
ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region
Patna (Bihar), India
WCCA 2011, Brisbane, Australia

2. Carbon Footprint
 The total amount of greenhouse gases produced to
directly and indirectly support human activities,
usually expressed in equivalent tons of carbon
dioxide (CO2).
 A carbon foot print is the total amount of CO2 and
other green house gases emitted over the full life
cycle of a process or product. It is expressed as
grams of CO2 equivalent per kilowatt hour of
generation
Ref.: Postnote October 2006 Number 268 Carbon footprint of electricity
generation. www.parliament.uk/post
WCCA 2011, Brisbane, Australia

3. Equivalent CO2 emission
CO2 emitted per
Unit
Fuel type unit
One gallon (UK) 10.4 kg
Petrol
Petrol One liter 2.3 kg
One gallon (UK) 12.2 kg
Diesel
One gallon (USA)
Diesel 9.95 kg
Diesel One liter 2.7 kg
WCCA 2011, Brisbane, Australia

4. Approach in Experiment for CA practices
 Saving conventional source of energy in crop
production
 Curtailing energy consumption by
new/improved management practices
 Intensification and diversification with best
management.
 Estimating energy consumption on the basis
of carbon footprint principle.
WCCA 2011, Brisbane, Australia

5. Experimental detail
 Location – ICAR Research Farm
Patna (Bihar), India
 Soil – Alluvial, Clay loam
 Rainfall – 1000 mm annual
 Project – Platform Research
(CSISA) – BMGF
WCCA 2011, Brisbane, Australia

6. Experimental detail…
Four scenarios of crop production in 3 replications with
large plot size each of 1900 m2
Scenario - Drivers of change Crop Mgt (CM)
Business as usual Farmers practice
Increasing food demand Best Available
Increasing food demand, Degrading natural Conservation
resources, energy and labor crises Agric
Food and nutritional security, Intensification Diversification
and Diversification, farm profitability Best practice
WCCA 2011, Brisbane, Australia

7. Scenario 1 – Farmer practice
Rice – Wheat
Tillage CT-CT
Residue Removal
management
Crop health As usual
Nutrient As usual
management
WCCA 2011, Brisbane, Australia

8. Scenario 2 : Best Available Practice
Rice – Wheat - Mungbean
Tillage CT-ZT-CT
Residue Anchored-
management removal -
incorporation
Crop health Best Available
Nutrient Best Available
management
WCCA 2011, Brisbane, Australia

9. Scenario 3 : Conservation Agriculture
Rice – Wheat - Cowpea
Tillage ZT-ZT-ZT
Residue Retention -
management Anchored-
Retention
Crop health Best Available
Nutrient SSNM based
management
WCCA 2011, Brisbane, Australia

10. Scenario 4:Best Practices & Diversification
Rice – Maize + Potato -
Cowpea
Tillage ZT-CT-ZT
Residue Retention -
management Anchored-
Retention
Crop health Best Available
Nutrient SSNM based
management
WCCA 2011, Brisbane, Australia

11. Wheat grain/equivalent yield (t ha-1) during 2009-10
WCCA 2011, Brisbane, Australia

12. Rice grain yield (t ha-1) during kharif 2010
CD (5%): 0.88
WCCA 2011, Brisbane, Australia

13. Irrigation water (mm) applied - winter 2009-10
WCCA 2011, Brisbane, Australia

14. Net income (US $ per ha) - winter 2009-10
WCCA 2011, Brisbane, Australia

15. Distribution of cost of production (US $ /ha)
WCCA 2011, Brisbane, Australia

16. Net income (US $ per ha) in rice cultivation (2010)
WCCA 2011, Brisbane, Australia

17. Distribution of cost of production (US $
per ha) for rice cultivation (2010)
WCCA 2011, Brisbane, Australia

18. Irrigation water (mm) applied for
rice cultivation(kharif 2010)
WCCA 2011, Brisbane, Australia

19. Estimation of carbon footprint
 Tillage practice –diesel consumed
~ CO2 emission (3.15 kg per litre)
Ref : G. Trümper et.al. 2010 Carbon dioxide emissions of different soil tillage systems
ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meetings, Oct. 31-Nov. 3, Long Beach, CA
 Irrigation – electricity consumed (kwh)
~ CO2 emission (1000 g per kwh)
Ref.: Postnote October 2006 No. 268 Carbon footprint of electricity
generation. www.parliament.uk/post
WCCA 2011, Brisbane, Australia

20. 400 378
a
350 b
315
300
250
200
150
c c
100
63 63
50
0
S1 S2 S3 S4
Equivalent CO2 (kg ha-1) required for tillage by diesel in
winter crop production during 2009-10
WCCA 2011, Brisbane, Australia

21. 1400
1200 a
1000 b
800 c c
600
400
200
0
S1 S2 S3 S4
Equivalent CO2 (kg ha-1) required for irrigation by electricity during
winter crop production in different scenarios (2009-10)
WCCA 2011, Brisbane, Australia

22. 450
400 a a
350
300
250
200
150
100 b
b
50
0
S1 S2 S3 S4
Equivalent C02 (kg ha-1) required for tillage by
diesel in rice production during 2010
WCCA 2011, Brisbane, Australia

23. 2300
a
2200
2100 a
2000
1900
b b
1800
1700
1600
S1 S2 S3 S4
Equivalent CO2 (kg ha-1) required for irrigation by
electricity in rice production during 2010
WCCA 2011, Brisbane, Australia