Ke jia’s Hist4 midterm reading report
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The document summarizes the Neolithic Revolution and the domestication of plants and animals in the Fertile Crescent. It then discusses three ancient Eurasian empires - Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome, and the Qin Dynasty of China. Finally, it outlines three cultural traditions that emerged in Eurasia: Legalism which emphasized laws and order, Confucianism which focused on ethics and social relationships, and Daoism which promoted harmony with nature.
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Ways of the worldmidtermpp
1) Humans migrated out of Africa starting 100,000 years ago, reaching the ends of the Earth by 1500 years ago.
2) An Agricultural Revolution began after the last Ice Age, where humans settled and began growing plants and domesticating animals, developing small settlements.
3) The first civilizations emerged around 3500-3000 BC in Sumer, Egypt, China, and Peru, marked by developments like writing, trade, pyramids, and organized governments.
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The document summarizes the early history of humans from their origins in Africa around 250,000 years ago through the rise and fall of early civilizations and empires. It discusses how early humans migrated throughout the world, evidence of religious ceremonies in Paleolithic societies, the development of more settled lifestyles including early art and rituals, the origins of agriculture around 12,000 years ago, formation of the first civilizations near major water sources with domesticated animals, and the rise and interactions of the Persian and Greek empires and Roman and Chinese empires before concluding with reasons for the collapse of these empires including their large sizes and wars.
World histmidtermppt
This document summarizes world history from the last Ice Age through the collapse of early empires. It describes the agricultural revolution around 10,000 BCE which led to settled civilizations. The first civilizations like Sumer developed around 4,000 BCE due to the need for large-scale irrigation and food production. They established governments, writing systems, slavery, and patriarchal societies. Later empires like Persia and Greece expanded before collapsing because they became too large and expensive to sustain given the available resources at the time.
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This document provides an overview of early world history from the emergence of humankind to the development of civilizations. It discusses how hominids evolved in Africa around 5-6 million years ago and began migrating from Africa around 2 million years ago. Around 11,000 years ago, the agricultural revolution began as some hominid groups started domesticating plants and animals, allowing for population growth and division of labor. Some of the first complex civilizations emerged around 3500 BCE in river valleys and dominated the globe until the post-1000 CE era. Civilizations laid the foundations for modern empires, religions, technologies, and social inequalities.
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The document summarizes the early history of humans from their origins in Africa around 250,000 years ago through the rise and fall of early civilizations and empires. It discusses how early humans migrated throughout the world, evidence of religious ceremonies in Paleolithic societies, the development of more settled lifestyles including early art and rituals, the origins of agriculture around 12,000 years ago, formation of the first civilizations near major water sources with domesticated animals, and the rise and interactions of the Persian and Greek empires and Roman and Chinese empires before concluding with reasons for the collapse of these empires including their large sizes and wars.
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This document provides an overview of early world history from the emergence of humankind to the development of civilizations. It discusses how hominids evolved in Africa around 5-6 million years ago and began migrating from Africa around 2 million years ago. Around 11,000 years ago, the agricultural revolution began as some hominid groups started domesticating plants and animals, allowing for population growth and division of labor. Some of the first complex civilizations emerged around 3500 BCE in river valleys and dominated the globe until the post-1000 CE era. Civilizations laid the foundations for modern empires, religions, technologies, and social inequalities.
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Civilization began in ancient Egypt along the fertile Nile River Valley, where two kingdoms later united. The Nile River provided life to the desert and enabled the development of agriculture and civilization. During the Old Kingdom, the Egyptian social and political structure was established, and many pyramids were built. Egyptian society was highly stratified, with pharaohs ruling as gods at the top. Egypt's power peaked during the New Kingdom, though daily life remained largely the same despite changes in ruling dynasties.
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Where did western culture come from?
How is it different from Chinese culture?
How should I deal with these differences at work?
See more on www.randomwire.com
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The Aztecs lived in the Valley of Mexico, a high plateau with fertile soil from volcanoes. They were skilled engineers and architects, building cities on islands in lakes connected by causeways and aqueducts. The Aztec empire grew through warfare to control Mesoamerica by 1500. Their absolute monarchy was advised by councils but the king had ultimate power and collected tribute. The Aztecs were very religious and sacrificed people to please the gods. Society consisted of nobles and commoners who farmed or worked as artisans. The Aztecs excelled at engineering, arts, jewelry, and oratory despite having no strong written language.
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Global cuisine/Culinary culture
Today: Sidney W. Mintz, “Asia’s Contributions to World Cuisine,” japanfocus.org (2009)
Thurs. Feb. 8: Matthew Allen & Rumi Sakamoto, “Sushi reverses course: consuming American sushi in Tokyo.” japanfocus.org (2011)
Wed. Feb. 14 Recitation
Upload response paper to Sakai Assignments
Deadline: Tues. Feb. 13, 10:oo PM
Review:
Steger Chap. 2 “Globalization in history: is globalization a new phenomenon?”
Stages of globalization defined by humanity crossing through technological “thresholds”
Stages of globalization
What technological breakthrough does Steger identify that allowed humanity to cross into each new stage of globalization?
1. Prehistoric (10,000-3500 BCE)
2. Premodern: Age of Empires (3500 BCE-1500 CE)
3. Early modern (1500-1750)
4. Modern (1750-1980s)
5. Contemporary (from 1980s)
Globalization dynamic (Steger)
Prehistoric: divergence
Globalization dynamic
Prehistoric: multidimensional divergence
Steger: Pre-Modern Era (Age of Empires) 3500 BCE-1500 CE
The Chinese Empire was the most enduring and technologically advanced of the world’s empires
The most extensive trade route in the world was the “Silk Road,” which Steger calls a land route.
What is the Silk Road?
A combined overland & overseas trade route that crossed the Eurasian landmass and linked its ports
Shosoin 正倉院 Imperial storage house 701-760, Nara, Japan
Close-up of log structure
Shosoin History: “time capsule”
Holds items donated by Empress Komyo between 756-760 in memory of her late husband, Emperor Shomu.
Located on the grounds of Todai-ji Temple in Nara, where the Daibutsu (Great Buddha) is located.
Some items originated in India, Greece, Rome, Egypt, Persia, Korea, and Tang Dynasty China; others were manufactured domestically.
Shosoin crystal bowl (Roman) 8th c.
Atlantic Ocean
Pacific Ocean
Steger: Early modern period (1500-1750)
“During these two centuries, Europe and its social practices emerged as the primary catalyst for globalization after a long period of Asian predominance.” (p. 28)
3. Early Modern (1500-1750)
European powers could not spread overland into Africa or Asia due to Muslim powers that blocked their way.
Instead, they turned westward by sea to find a new trade route to India.
Objective: Trade in spices
During these 250 years, Europe was the leader in globalization.
Why wasn’t China the leader of globalization?
Steger, p. 26: “By the 15th century CE [1405-1433], enormous Chinese fleets consisting of hundreds of 400-foot-long ocean-going ships were crossing the Indian Ocean and establishing short-lived trade outposts on the east coast of Africa.
“However, a few decades later, the rulers of the Chinese Empire’s series of fateful political decisions to turn .
Presentation1
The document summarizes key events and periods in human history, including the Ice Age, emergence of Homo sapiens, beginnings of agriculture in the Fertile Crescent, pros and cons of agriculture, China's Qin Dynasty, the Roman Empire, and the Persian religion founded by Zarathustra. It provides brief descriptions of these topics in bullet point form with dates and key details about each historical era or civilization.
Top 10 civilization of the world
The document provides a summary of the top 10 civilizations of the world. It describes each civilization's name, time period, original and current locations, and major highlights. The civilizations summarized are the Incan, Aztec, Roman, Persian, Ancient Greek, Chinese, Mayan, Ancient Egyptian, Indus Valley, and Mesopotamian civilizations. For each civilization there are 2-4 bullet points describing key aspects of the civilization such as important rulers, locations of power, cultural achievements, and factors in their decline.
Prehistory and the Earliest Civilizations
During prehistory, humans lived as nomadic hunter-gatherers with basic tools and language. The Agricultural Revolution between 10,000-7,000 BC led people to farm and domesticate animals, allowing permanent settlements to form. These early farming villages grew into cities and eventually empires as populations increased and cities conquered each other. Two early civilizations were Sumer and Egypt, which both developed near rivers for irrigation around 3,200 BC. They established some of the first systems of writing, wheeled vehicles, law, architecture, calendars, and trade networks.
Evolution of man
Our species evolved over 250,000 years ago in Africa, where early humans learned to hunt and gather food. Agricultural developments in the Fertile Crescent revolutionized farming and domestication of animals. This led to the rise of civilizations like Mesopotamia, where societies flourished with laws, culture, literacy and economies. Successful agriculture also resulted in social hierarchies and the use of slave labor. The spread of civilization into Eurasia and the Americas influenced cultures like Greece, Rome, China and India, establishing influential religions such as Christianity, Confucianism, Daoism and Buddhism.
History 140 Big History
This document provides a summary of big historical events and theories about how small phenomena can have large scale effects on humanity. It discusses the development of knowledge over thousands of years from oral traditions to modern computers. Key events and theories summarized include the genetic origins of humanity in Africa 60,000 years ago; a potential global catastrophe in 535 AD from a large volcano that weakened societies like Rome and contributed to the rise of Islam; European exploration in the 1400s including Columbus' voyage; and Jared Diamond's theory from Guns, Germs, and Steel about how geography influenced the diffusion of resources and technology between societies.
Lesson-3-Early-Civilization-students.pptx
Early civilizations first appeared in locations favorable for agriculture along major rivers like the Nile, Tigris-Euphrates, Indus, and Yellow. Governments and states emerged as rulers consolidated power over larger populations using writing, religion, and control of resources. Writing allowed laws and records to be codified, spreading shared cultural practices. Major early civilizations discussed include Mesopotamia, Egypt, the Maya, Indus Valley, China, Persia, Greece, and Rome, each making significant cultural and technological contributions to modern society. A state is defined as a community exercising power over a territory with key elements including people, land, government, and sovereignty.
Assignment 4 - Mid-term Report and Power Point
1. The document discusses the globalization of agriculture over 10,000 years through processes like diffusion and colonization which spread farming techniques, plants, and animals.
2. It describes how agriculture led to greater populations and the emergence of civilizations like Sumer, Egypt, Indus Valley, and Olmec between 3500-1200 BCE which had cities, writing systems, and specialized economies.
3. The origins of early civilizations are debated but many developed gradually from earlier competing chiefdoms as population density increased and competition for land intensified in some places.
History of western civilization
This document provides a history of Western civilization, beginning with its origins in the Middle East around 9000 BCE as humans transitioned to agricultural societies. It then traces the development and influence of classical Greek, Roman, and early Christian civilizations on the foundations of Western thought, including democracy, intellectual inquiry, law, and Christianity. The document outlines major historical periods and events in Western history from antiquity through the modern era, including the fall of Rome, medieval era, Renaissance, Reformation, industrial revolution, world wars, and Cold War. It discusses the global spread and influence of Western empires and culture.
Structural Components of Time in History
The document summarizes the major periods of prehistory and history based on archaeological and written records. It outlines three main divisions: the Prehistoric period characterized by the Stone, Bronze, and Iron Ages; the period of Ancient History defined by the earliest civilizations and the emergence of writing around 3500 BCE; and the period of Recorded History from around 3000 BCE to the present day, broken into further subdivisions.
Structural Components of Time in History
The document summarizes the major periods of prehistory and history based on archaeological and written records. It outlines three main divisions: the Prehistoric period characterized by the Stone, Bronze, and Iron Ages; the period of Ancient History defined by the earliest civilizations and the emergence of writing systems around 3500 BCE; and the period of Recorded History from around 3000 BCE to the present day, discussing some of the major transitions and developments within this timeframe.
Cradle of civilizations
The cradle of civilization is a term referring to locations where, according to current archaeological data, civilization is understood to have emerged.
Current thinking is that there was no single "cradle", but several civilizations that developed independently; with the Fertile Crescent, Mesopotamia and Egypt, understood to be the earliest.
Theme 1 science history & trade powerpoint
The document summarizes information from several documentary sources about human migration and civilization. It describes how modern genetic evidence traces all humans back to a small tribe in Africa around 50,000 years ago, and how descendants from this tribe migrated throughout Africa, Asia, Europe, and the Americas over thousands of years. It also discusses the impact of climate change on human history, as well as evidence that advanced civilizations existed along the Amazon River in South America over 1,500 years ago.
Theme 1 science history & trade powerpoint
The document summarizes information from several documentary sources about human migration and the state of the world in 1492. It describes how genetic evidence traces all humans today back to a small tribe in Africa that was forced to migrate 50,000 years ago due to climate change. It then discusses the two major waves of human migration out of Africa across Asia, Europe and the Americas over 35,000 years. Finally, it provides an overview of the major civilizations, religions and political structures that existed in different regions of the world in 1492.
TCW lesson 1.pptx
This a lesson about contemporary world, you will learn a lot from this, so better download it, or you will let yourself a knowledge that you need,
Theme 1 science history & trade powerpoint
The document summarizes information from several documentary sources about human migration and the impact of climate change on history. It describes how genetic evidence shows all humans originated in Africa and migrated throughout the world in two waves over 35,000 years. It also discusses how a major volcanic eruption in the 16th century caused global climate change that impacted societies through famine, disease and migration. Finally, it outlines the state of the world in 1492 and the major civilizations and empires that existed prior to European exploration and colonization.
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Asia’s Contributions to World Cuisine”Sidney W. Mintz (2009).docx
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Ke jia’s Hist4 midterm reading report
- 1. KeJia’s Hist4 Reading Report 1. The Revolution of Agriculture (1)Introduction of what is the “The Revolution of Agriculture” (2) The agriculture in the Fertile Crescent (3) domestication of plants and animals 2. Eurasian Empires (1)Ancient Greece (2)Ancient Rome (3)The Qin Dynasty 3. Eurasian Cultural Traditions (1) Legalism (2)Confucianism (3) Daoism
- 2. Neolithic Revolution Map of the world showing approximate centers of origin of agriculture and its spread in prehistory: eastern USA (4000–3000 BP), Central Mexico (5000–4000 BP), Northern South America (5000–4000 BP), sub-Saharan Africa (5000–4000 BP, exact location unknown), the Fertile Crescent (11000 BP), the Yangtze and Yellow River basins (9000 BP) and the New Guinea Highlands (9000–6000 BP).[
- 3. The agriculture in the Fertile Crescent The full agriculture apparently first arose in the Fertile Crescent because of many f actors. For example, the Mediterranean climate had a long dry season with a short period of rain, which made it suitable for small plants with large seeds, like wheat and barley.
- 4. Domestication Many societies made use of both, but in regions where farming was difficult or impossible, the animals were important just likes the Central Asia, the Arabian Peninsula, the Sahara. The particular animals central to pastoral economies differed from region to region.
- 5. Ancient Greece Ancient Greece is the civilization belonging to the period of Greek history, lasting from the Archaic period of the 8th to 6th centuries B.C to the end of antiquity and beginning of the Early Middle Ages with the rise of the Byzantine era following Justinian I.
- 6. Ancient Rome Ancient Rome was a civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century B.C. Located along the Mediterranean Sea and centered on the city of Rome.
- 7. The Qin Dynasty The Qin Dynasty was the first imperial dynasty of China, lasting from 221 to 207 B.C. During its reign over China. However, the Qin Dynasty collapsed unmourned in 206 B.C.E.
- 8. Eurasian Cultural Traditions 1.Legalism Legalism was a utilitarian political philosophy that did not address higher questions like nature and purpose of life. The school's most famous proponent and contributor, Han Feizi, believed that laws should reward those who obey them and punish accordingly those who dared to break them; thus it guaranteed that actions taken were systematically predictable. 2. Confucianism Confucianism is a Chinese ethical and philosophical system developed from the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Confucius. Confucianism originated as an "ethical-sociopolitical teaching" during the Spring and Autumn Period. 3.Daoism Daoism or Taoism refers to a philosophical or religious tradition in which the basic concept is to establish harmony with the Tao, which is everything that exists, the origin of everything and because of the latter it is also nothing. Han Feizi (280 BC – 233 BC) Confucius (551BC – 479 BC) Laozi (604BC – Unknown)