The document discusses the origins and development of early human civilizations. It notes that early humans originated in Africa and spread across the globe as nomadic hunter-gatherers. The first civilizations emerged around 5000 years ago along major river valleys, including Mesopotamia, Egypt, the Indus Valley, and China. These civilizations developed organized governments, social hierarchies, religion, art, and systems of writing.
Created by María Jesús Campos Fernández, teacher of Geography and History in a bilingual section in Madrid.
learningfromhistory.wikispaces.com
learningfromgeography.wikispaces.com
Developed by María Jesús Campos Fernández, teacher of History, Geography and Art at a bilingual section in Alcorcon (Madrid, Spain)
learningfromhistory.wikispaces.com
learningfromgeography.wikispaces.com
Covers Sumer- the first civilization. Details early farming, government, societal hierarchy, technologies, arts, written language, embedded relevant YouTube videos.
I used images from google search images.
Objectives:
1. Identify significant world events from ancient China and India.
2. Identify example of the humanities in ancient civilizations, such as art, architecture, and philosophy.
3. Identify major key examples from the humanities that reflect developments in world events and cultural patterns in ancient China and India.
The Cold War, United States, USSR, Vietnam War, Korean War, Space Race, Nuclear Arms Race, Cuban Missile Crisis, Bay of Pigs, Berlin Wall, Iron Curtain, Containment Policy, Marshall Plan, John F. Kennedy, Nikita Khrushchev, Detente, Red Scare, Ronald Reagan, Perestroika, Glasnost
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
2. Fossil evidence
shows that the
earliest humans
originate in Africa.
People were
nomads who
moved from place
to place in search
of food and spread
across the globe.
3. Prehistory is known as the time before the
invention of writing around 5,000 ago. (3000 BC)
Archaeologists and anthropologists use clues from
fossils and artifacts to tell a story rather than go
by written record.
4. Breakthroughs came
about 10,000 years
ago when humans
learned how to farm
and abandoned the
hunter-gatherer
lifestyles.
From here, farming
villages would start
to sprout up.
5.
6. Civilizations start to emerge. Civilizations
are complex societies with cities,
government, religion, jobs, public works,
social classes, arts and writing.
The four main civilizations develop on fertile
river plains in:
Mesopotamia (Tigris, Euphrates)
Egypt (Nile)
Indus Valley (Indus)
China (Huang He)
7. Organized
Religion
Central Social
Government Classes
Job
What is a Art &
Special-
civilization? Architecture
ization
System
of Cities
Roads,
writing
bridges,
temples,
etc
8.
9. Huang-He River Indus River
Tigris-Euphrates River Nile River
10. It was not soon
thereafter that ancient
rulers gained more
power and conquered
villages, cities and
territories beyond their
own thus creating
empires.
An empire is a group of
states, territories
and/or people ruled by
one person.
11. The first
civilizations in
Egypt arise along
the 4,100-mile
Nile River on
narrow strip of
fertile land
12. Yearly flooding
brings water and
fertile black mud
—silt
Farmers build
irrigation system
for wheat and
barley crops
Egyptians worship
the Nile as a god
The blue figure is the Nile god Hapi
13.
14. Religion plays a major role in
Egyptian society.
Egyptians are polytheistic,
belief in many gods.
Egyptians believe in over
2,000 gods and goddesses
Believe in life after death;
person judged by deeds at
death
Develop mummification,
process that prevents body
from decaying
Book of the Dead contains
prayers and spells, guides
soul after death
16. Osiris – God of the Afterlife
Isis – Goddess of Protection
Horus– Son of Osiris and Isis,
God of the Sky
17. Society shaped like
pyramid, from pharaoh
down to farmers,
laborers
Few people at top have
great power; most
people at bottom
People move into higher
social classes through
marriage or merit
Women have many of
the same rights as men
18.
19. To the Egyptians,
kings are gods;
Egyptian god-kings
called pharaohs
Pharaohs control
religion,
government, army,
well-being of
kingdom
Government based
on religious authority
-theocracy
20. Kings were believed to rule
even after death and had
an eternal life force called
the ka
Egyptians build elaborate
tombs and pyramids to
meet needs after death.
Pyramids made with blocks
of stone, 2−15 tons each
21. The pyramid is estimated Every angle in the base is
to have about 2,300,000 exactly 90 degrees,
stone blocks weighing forming a perfect square.
from 2-30 tons each with Even though it is located in
some weighing as much as Egypt, where
70 tons. temperatures can get well
The mortar used is of an over 100 degrees
unknown origin. It has Fahrenheit, the
been analyzed and it's temperature inside The
chemical composition is Great Pyramid remains
known but it can't be constant at 68 degrees F.
reproduced. It is stronger This is the same as Earth’s
than the stone and still average temperature.
holding up today
22. The pyramid was once covered
with a smooth mantel stone
that would reflect the sun up Egyptians wrote
to 100 miles away.
about and kept
Even though the builders of
the great pyramid did not have records of
accurate measuring devices, EVERYTHING!
great pyramid is within 1 However, there is
centimeter of being perfectly no written record
level. of them ever
The Great Pyramid is located building the
at exactly 31 degrees north pyramids.
and 31 degrees east.
23.
24.
25. By 3000 B.C., the Sumerians
build cities in the Fertile
Crescent or Mesopotamia
(land between rivers)
Each is a city-state—an
independent political unit
Sumer city-states Uruk, Kish,
Lagash, Umma, and Ur
Each city has temple and
ziggurat; priests appeal to
gods
26.
27.
28. Sumerians invent the wheel, sail, and plow;
first to use bronze
Make advances in arithmetic and geometry
Develop arches, columns, ramps and pyramids
for building
Have complex system of writing—cuneiform
Study astronomy, chemistry, medicine
29.
30. Other civilizations living in
the Fertile Crescent were
the Akkadians and the
Babylonians.
Sargon was the Akkadians
ruler and he created the
first ever empire.
King Hammurabi of Babylon
gave us the first major
collection of laws known as
Hammurabi’s Code.
Hammurabi’s Code
31.
32. Also living in the Fertile
Crescent were the
Hebrews, a group of
nomadic people.
The Hebrews developed a
religion known as Judaism
which is monotheistic
(the belief in a one, true
God).
Judaism is the oldest,
monotheistic religion to
survive to the present
33. Prophets, or spiritual leaders
such as Abraham, told the
people to obey God and also
preached a strong code of ethics
(moral standards to live by).
An example of these ethics would
be the Ten Commandments,
which is a covenant (an
agreement between God and
man) to obey.
34. God told Abraham to
move his people from
Ur in Sumeria to
Canaan (modern day
Palestine/Israel).
This is the land that
the Hebrews
believed that God
had promised them.
35. Eventually invading
armies, such as the
Egyptians, captured
Canaan and imprisoned
the Hebrews (now called
the Jews).
They lived in captivity for
nearly 1,000 years until
they were forced to
leave.
Moses leads the Jews out
of captivity in Egypt
during the Exodus.
36. Following the
exodus, Jewish
people experience
diaspora, the
scattering of
people, which
causes Jews to
settle all over the
world.
This helps make
Judaism a major
religion worldwide.
37. With over 3,000 years of history,
Judaism is the oldest continuous
monotheistic (just one god)
religion in the world.
Basic laws and teachings come
from the holy text, the Torah.
The Torah establishes claim to
Canaan, (Jerusalem/Palestine,
the Holy Land)
Jews believe the Holy Land was
gift from Yahweh (God) to Jewish Synagogue: King Solomon’s Temple
Abraham.
Jewish King Solomon built a great
temple to God in Jerusalem.
38. The first Indian
civilizations build
well-planned cities on
the banks of the Indus
and Ganges Rivers.
Two main rivers:
Indus and Ganges
(Ganga)
39. By 2500 B.C.,
people build cities
of brick laid out on
a grid system
Engineers create
plumbing and
sewage systems
Indus Valley called
Harappan
civilization after
Harappa, a city
40.
41. City built on mud-brick platform to
protect against flood waters
Brick walls protect city and citadel—
central buildings of the city
Streets in grid system are 30 feet wide
Lanes separate rows of houses (which
featured bathrooms)
42. Signs of decline begin
around 1750 B.C.
Earthquakes, floods,
soil depletion may
have caused decline
Around 1500 B.C.,
Aryans enter area and
become dominant
43. Typically we associate
Aryan’s with Nazis.
However, Hitler
misunderstood what
Aryan’s were.
Aryans are actually
people of Indo-Iranian
heritage and have
dark hair, dark eyes
and a darker skin
complexion.
44. Aryans develop a complex
class society in India
which still exists today.
These classes are known
as castes.
In the caste system you
are born into a certain
class which you can never
leave.
You are expected to take
on the jobs and
responsibilities of your
family.
45.
46. Dates back 5,000 years.
Is a polytheistic religion with the
belief in many gods but also
believe in a spiritual force called
brahman.
Religious requirements of the
caste system shape many aspects
of Hindu’s lives and culture.
Animals play an important role in
religion and culture.
Hindus also believe in
reincarnation, or the rebirth of
the soul into another bodily form
such as an animal.
47. Another major religion to form in
India is Buddhism.
Created around 500 B.C.,
Buddhism shares many Hindu
traditions, however, it urged
people to seek enlightenment
through meditation rather than
priests, rituals and the many gods
of Hinduism.
Siddhartha Gautama, also known
as Buddha, taught people to live
their lives correctly.
Buddhists seek nirvana, harmony
with the universe.
48. The swastika has been
used in many cultures
around the world for
thousands of years
prior to the use by the
Nazis.
In fact, it is considered
a good luck symbol in
Buddhism and
Hinduism.
49. The first Chinese
civilizations arose on the
Haung He (Yellow) River.
Because China is
surrounded by great
barriers such as the Gobi
Desert to the North, the
Himalaya Mountains to the
West and South, and the
Pacific Ocean to the East,
the Chinese believe their
civilization is the center of
the earth.
50. Around 1650 B.C. Chinese
people called the Shang
came to power.
The Shange created the
first dynasty – a time
period of a series of
rulers from the same
family.
The Shang are eventually
overthrown by the Zhou
and so starts thousands of
years of the dynastic
cycle, the rise and fall of
dynasties.
51. During the time of the Shang, the
Chinese developed complex religious
views.
They prayed to different gods, spirits
and nature.
Important aspects of religion was
balance and harmony with the universe
and the respect and honor for
ancestors.
Having honor and respect for one’s
ancestors was said to give good fortune
to your family.
Confucius, a scholar, preached about
the importance of respect to maintain
balance in the society.
52. Everything has its beauty but not everyone
sees it.
It does not matter how slowly you go so long as
you do not stop.
Our greatest glory is not in never falling, but in
getting up every time we do.
When anger rises, think of the consequences.
Have no friends not equal to yourself.