The document provides information about the beginning of the Modern Age from 1453-1519, including key events like the fall of Constantinople and discovery of America by Columbus in 1492. It then discusses some of the major economic, social, political, and cultural changes that occurred during the 16th century, including the rise of capitalism and new bourgeois class, stronger monarchies and nation-states, and new religious movements like Protestantism. One of the major economic causes of growth was the discovery of rich silver mines in Europe and America, bringing more currency into circulation and stimulating more production.