The document discusses glass ionomer cement (GIC), including its history, classification, composition, setting reaction, properties, advantages, disadvantages, indications, contraindications, and clinical placement steps. GIC was introduced in 1972 and sets via an acid-base reaction between its powder and liquid components. It has properties like adhesion, fluoride release/recharge, biocompatibility, and is used for applications like pit and fissure sealants, liners, luting agents, and restorations. Its major advantages are fluoride release and adhesion to tooth structure.

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2. PRESENTED BY
DR. METTINA
II MDS
DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY & ENDODONTICS
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3.  Introduction
 History
 Classification
 Composition
 Setting reaction
 Properties of Glass Ionomer Cements
 Advantages/Disadvantages
 Indications/Contraindications
 Clinical steps of placement
 Atraumatic restorative treatment
 Conclusion
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4.  Glass Ionomer Cement was introduced to dentistry in 1972 by Wilson & Kent.
 First commercial GIC was made by De Trey company & distributed by the Amalgamated
Dental Co. in England & Caulk in the U.S.
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5. 1972
Development of GIC in London
1994
Mc lean
Atraumatic restorative technique
1985
Mc Lean discovered
Sandwich technique
1984
Hugh Knight
Tunnel preparation
1980
Simmons-
Miracle mix
1977
Wilson
Development of luting cement
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6. Type 1- For luting cements
Type II- For restorations
Type III- Liners & Bases
Type IV- Fissure sealants
Type V – Orthodontic cements
Type VI- Core build up
Type VII- Fluoride releasing cements
Type VIII- For Atraumatic
restorative treatment
Type IX – Pediatric Glass Ionomer
cements
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7. Component Percentage Purpose
Silica 29% Forms mass of the
cement
Alumina 16%
Aluminium fluoride 5% Acts as flux &
decreases fusion
temperature
Calcium fluoride 34% Improves
translucency
Sodium alumium
fluoride
5% Improves strength
& wearing
characteristics
Aluminium
phosphate
9.9% Adds body to the
mix
Lanthanum/Barium
/Strontium
Trace Radiopacifiers
POWDER
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8. COMPONENT PERCENTAGE PURPOSE
Polyacrylic acid 45% Formation of
cement matrix
Water 50% Reaction medium-
essential part of
cement
structure,helps in
ionic exchange
Modifiers like
itaconic acid
5% Improves reactivity
between liquid &
glass
Maleic acid More carboxylic acid
groups- rapid cross
linking
Tartaric acid Hardener which
controls pH of set
cement
LIQUID
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9.  Metal reinforced GIC
 Sced & Wilson on 1980 incorporated spherical silver amalgam alloys into glass powder in
the ratio 1:7.
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10.  Resin modified GIC
Composition of Resin Modified GIC is
Powder- Fluoroaluminosilicate glass particles along with photoinitiator or chemical initiator.
Liquid- Polyacrylic acid modified with methacrylate groups & HEMA monomer.
Water
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11.  The setting reaction is an Acid –Base reaction between acidic Polyelectrolyte &
Aluminosilicate glass.
 It occurs in three different but overlapping stages.
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12.  Ion Leaching phase- When powder & liquid are mixed, polyacid attacks the glass particles
to release Ca & Al . These ions react with fluorides to form CaF & AlF.
 pH Continues to rise, CaF dissociates & reacts with acrylic copolymer to form a stable
matrix.
 Gelation phase- At a critical pH, precipitation of insoluble polyacrylates takes place.iinitial
st is because of calcium polyacrylate, hardening is due to slow formation of aluminium
polyacrylate.
 Maturation takes place over 24 hours.
 Hardening & slow maturation- This phase occurs when the mix reaches its final set.
 In this stage continued attack of H+ ions causes delayed release of Al ions from silicate
glass in the form of Ca-Al- carboxylate gel. Al ions are responsible for providing strength to
the cement.
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13. • It consists of glass particles surrounded by silica gel in a matrix of polyanions cross linked by
ionic bridges.
• Within the matrix are small particles of silica gel containing fluoride crystallites,
• Further a slow hydration of silica gel & Polycarboxylates occurs , resulting in improvement in
the cement’s physical properties. 5/20/2020 13

14. 1. ADHESION
GIC is adhesive to tooth structure.
Wilson, Prosser, Powis Wilson 5/20/2020 14

15.  2. FLUORIDE RELEASE
 Glass ionomer cement contains 10-23% fluoride which lies free in the matrix
 Sustained fluride release over 3mm radius of the restoration is seen for 18 months.
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16. 3. FLUORIDE RECHARGE
 GIC acts as a rechargeable fluoride releasing system.
 GIC has synergistic effect when used with extrinsic fluorides.
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17. 4. WATER SENSITIVITY
 Conventional GIC cement is sensitive to moisturecontamination as well as dessication.
i) Moisture contamination in first 24 hours.
ii) Dessication during initial setting
iii) Dessication in later stages
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18.  5. BIOCOMPATIBILITY- It is biocompatible as
i) Polyacrylic acid is a weak acid
ii) Long polymer chains tangle with one another & prevent their penetration into
dentinal tubules.
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19.  6. AESTHETICS
 Biomimetic effect, color matching , Translucency.
 7.MARGIN ADAPTATION & LEAKAGE
 COTE of GIC is similar to that of tooth
 8. ABRASION RESISTANCE
 Lower abrasion resistance than composite
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20.  9. RADIOPACITY
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21.  10. SOLUBILITY
 Conventional GIC ha low solubility as compared to RMGIC.
 11. STRENGTH
 Glass ionomers have high compressive strength & modulus of elasticity but low fracture
toughness.
 Paradox- GIC is a Hard but brittle material.
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23. BRITTLE &
LOW
FRACTURE
RESISTANCE
LOW WEAR
RESISTANCE
WATER
SENSITIVITY
DURING
SETTING
OPAQUE
( Less
translucent,less
aesthetic)
RADIOLUCENT
(relatively)
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24.  1. PIT & FISSURE SEALANTS
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25.  2. LINERS & BASES
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26.  3. LUTING AGENTS
 For permanent cementation of crowns, bridges, veneers, orthodontic bands.
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27.  4. RESTORATION OF CLASS I LESIONS
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29.  5.RESTORATION OF CLASS III & CLASS V LESIONS
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30.  6. RESTORATION OF ROOT CARIES
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31.  7. HIGH CARIES RISK PATIENTS
 8 EMERGENCY TEMPORARY RESTORATIONS
 9.FOR INTERMEDIATE RESTORATIONS
 10. CORE BUILD UP
 11. ENDODONTICS
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32. 1.IN STRESS
BEARING AREAS
2.CUSPAL
REPLACEMENT
3.PATIENTS
WITH
XEROSTOMIA
4.MOUTH
BREATHERS
5.AREAS
REQUIRING
EXCELLENT
AESTHETICS
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33.  I .ISOLATION
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34.  CAVITY PREPARATION
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35. Removes smear layer
Promotes ion
exchange
Chemically cleans the
dentin
Increases surface
energy
3. SURFACE CONDITIONING
Surface conditioners used- 50% citric acid, 10%
EDTA , 20% Polyacrylic acid, 3% Hydrogen
peroxide, 25% tannic acid
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36. 4. MANIPULATION OF CEMENT
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37.  5. FINISHING & POLISHING
 Finishing & polishing is delayed for 24 hours due to moisture sensitivity.
 Final finishing done using superfine diamond points
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38.  6.SURFACE PROTECTION
 Surface of restoration coated with petroleum jelly, varnish or bonding agent.
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39.  ART was first introduced in South Africa by Frencken in 1996.
 Originally practiced in Tanzania.
 Allows restorative treatments in places with no electricity & without the aid of
sophisticated dental equipment.
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40.  Glass Ionomer Cements are very versatile in terms of usage.
 GIC has become indispensable in the field of Restorative dentistry.
 Its properties of Adhesion to tooth & Fluoride release are a major boon.
 Continued advancements in Modification of the material are leading to its improved
physical properties.
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