This study investigated the effects of adding different percentages of cumin oil (0%, 15%, 30%, 45%) to broiler diets on growth patterns and curves. Profile analysis showed the growth curves were not parallel, indicating the treatments had different effects. Birds receiving diets with 45% cumin oil had significantly higher weekly and final body weights than the control group. Various growth curve models (Gompertz, Verhulst, weighted least squares, linear) were fitted to the data, and the weighted least squares model provided the best fit with the lowest error. This suggests adding 45% cumin oil to broiler diets may improve profitability by increasing final body weight.
Effect of In ovoInjection of Various Nutrients on the Hatchability, Mortality...iosrjce
The main goal of this paper is to study the effect of injectingthe eggs embryos with certain levels of
nutrient solutions (vitamin E 1.5 mg / egg, the amino acid lysine 1.5 mg / egg, the amino acid methionine 1.5 mg
egg and a mixture of vitamin E and lysine and methionine 1.5 mg / egg) in the proportion of mortality of
embryonic and hatchability and initial weight 1 g / day. Results wereindicated a significant decrease (P <0.05)><0.05)><0.05)
in case of vitamin E, lysine, and methionine mixture injection treatment. We conclude from this study, the in ovo
possibility of injecting eggs embryoswith 1.5 mg / egg of vitamin E solution to improve hatchability and initial
weight, methionine solution and lysine - methionine – vitamin E solution to reduce the proportion of embryonic mortality.
A Study on Effect of Anti Toxic Nutrient (ATN) in productive and reproductive...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal edited by the International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The journal provides a common forum where all aspects of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences are presented. The journal invites original papers, review articles, technical reports and short communications containing new insight into any aspect Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences that are not published or not being considered for publication elsewhere.
The document summarizes a study on the comparative efficacy of different growth enhancers on broilers. 96 day-old broiler chicks were divided into 4 treatment groups: a control group given plain water, and groups given Atovi, aloe vera, or sorghum syrup supplements. Results showed no significant differences in weekly weight gain, feed consumption, or feed conversion ratio among treatments. The sorghum syrup group had the highest final weight, while the aloe vera group had the lowest. The Atovi group yielded the highest return on investment. In conclusion, using growth enhancers can increase profits compared to plain feed, though higher supplement concentrations may be needed to see effects.
The study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with coriander seeds on food intake and microbial populations in the ceca of Japanese quail. 360 female quail chicks were divided into 6 treatment groups with varying levels of coriander seed supplementation (0-4%) or an antibiotic control. Food intake was measured weekly for 5 weeks, and bacterial populations in the ceca were analyzed after 35 days. Results showed that groups with 1% and 2% coriander supplementation had the highest food intake in the first two weeks. Bacterial analysis found the 4% coriander group had the highest E. coli levels, while the antibiotic group had the lowest levels. The study suggests coriander seeds can increase early food intake
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the effects of different levels of protexin probiotic supplementation in the diets of male geese on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and blood parameters. 98 male geese were fed diets with 0, 50, 75, or 100 g/ton of protexin probiotic and evaluated at days 15, 30, and 45. Probiotic supplementation significantly improved weight gain and feed efficiency but did not affect feed intake. Carcass and breast weights were also higher with probiotic. Blood parameters like cholesterol, triglycerides, calcium, phosphorus, and total protein were unaffected. In conclusion, protexin probiotic improved growth performance and carcass yield in male geese.
This document discusses evaluating a broiler growth model. It begins by stating that simulation models of broiler growth are useful tools for both scientific and commercial purposes, but must be transparent "glass box" models.
It then outlines a multi-step process for model evaluation: 1) Consider the model boundaries 2) Evaluate the theoretical structure 3) Test against experimental data 4) Evaluate practical predictions. Specific aspects of evaluating the EFG Broiler Growth Model are then presented, including validating the underlying growth theory and comparing predictions to experimental results.
Effects of restricted feeding, low energy diet, and implantationNia Nia
This document describes a study that examined the effects of restricted feeding, a low-energy diet, and implantation of trenbolone acetate plus estradiol on growth, carcass traits, and circulating concentrations of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGF-binding protein-3 in finishing barrows. Sixty-four barrows were divided into groups subjected to different feeding regimens, diets, and implantation. Blood samples were taken every 3 weeks and animals were slaughtered at approximately 105 kg. Restricted feeding decreased average daily gain, the low-energy diet reduced backfat thickness but decreased feed efficiency, and implantation decreased average daily gain, feed intake and backfat thickness while increasing feed efficiency. Serum I
Dr. Abhijit Mitra, Associate Professor and former Head, Dept. of Marine Science, University of Calcutta (INDIA) has been active in the sphere of Oceanography since 1985. He obtained his Ph.D as NET qualified scholar in 1994. Since then he joined Calcutta Port Trust and WWF (World Wide Fund), in various capacities to carry out research programmes on environmental science, biodiversity conservation, climate change and carbon sequestration. Presently Dr. Mitra is serving as the advisor of Oceanography Division of Techno India University, Kolkata. He has to his credit about 388 scientific publications in various National and International journals, and 34 books of postgraduate standards. Dr. Mitra has successfully completed about 16 projects on biodiversity loss in fishery sector, coastal pollution, alternative livelihood, climate change and carbon sequestration. Dr. Mitra also visited as faculty member and invited speakers in several foreign Universities of Singapore, Kenya, Oman and USA. In 2008, Dr. Mitra was invited as visiting fellow at University of Massachusetts at Dartmouth, USA to deliver a series of lecture on Climate Change. Dr. Mitra also successfully guided 29 Ph.D students. Presently his domain of expertise includes environmental science, mangrove ecology, sustainable aquaculture, alternative livelihood, climate change and carbon sequestration.
Effect of In ovoInjection of Various Nutrients on the Hatchability, Mortality...iosrjce
The main goal of this paper is to study the effect of injectingthe eggs embryos with certain levels of
nutrient solutions (vitamin E 1.5 mg / egg, the amino acid lysine 1.5 mg / egg, the amino acid methionine 1.5 mg
egg and a mixture of vitamin E and lysine and methionine 1.5 mg / egg) in the proportion of mortality of
embryonic and hatchability and initial weight 1 g / day. Results wereindicated a significant decrease (P <0.05)><0.05)><0.05)
in case of vitamin E, lysine, and methionine mixture injection treatment. We conclude from this study, the in ovo
possibility of injecting eggs embryoswith 1.5 mg / egg of vitamin E solution to improve hatchability and initial
weight, methionine solution and lysine - methionine – vitamin E solution to reduce the proportion of embryonic mortality.
A Study on Effect of Anti Toxic Nutrient (ATN) in productive and reproductive...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal edited by the International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The journal provides a common forum where all aspects of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences are presented. The journal invites original papers, review articles, technical reports and short communications containing new insight into any aspect Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences that are not published or not being considered for publication elsewhere.
The document summarizes a study on the comparative efficacy of different growth enhancers on broilers. 96 day-old broiler chicks were divided into 4 treatment groups: a control group given plain water, and groups given Atovi, aloe vera, or sorghum syrup supplements. Results showed no significant differences in weekly weight gain, feed consumption, or feed conversion ratio among treatments. The sorghum syrup group had the highest final weight, while the aloe vera group had the lowest. The Atovi group yielded the highest return on investment. In conclusion, using growth enhancers can increase profits compared to plain feed, though higher supplement concentrations may be needed to see effects.
The study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with coriander seeds on food intake and microbial populations in the ceca of Japanese quail. 360 female quail chicks were divided into 6 treatment groups with varying levels of coriander seed supplementation (0-4%) or an antibiotic control. Food intake was measured weekly for 5 weeks, and bacterial populations in the ceca were analyzed after 35 days. Results showed that groups with 1% and 2% coriander supplementation had the highest food intake in the first two weeks. Bacterial analysis found the 4% coriander group had the highest E. coli levels, while the antibiotic group had the lowest levels. The study suggests coriander seeds can increase early food intake
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the effects of different levels of protexin probiotic supplementation in the diets of male geese on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and blood parameters. 98 male geese were fed diets with 0, 50, 75, or 100 g/ton of protexin probiotic and evaluated at days 15, 30, and 45. Probiotic supplementation significantly improved weight gain and feed efficiency but did not affect feed intake. Carcass and breast weights were also higher with probiotic. Blood parameters like cholesterol, triglycerides, calcium, phosphorus, and total protein were unaffected. In conclusion, protexin probiotic improved growth performance and carcass yield in male geese.
This document discusses evaluating a broiler growth model. It begins by stating that simulation models of broiler growth are useful tools for both scientific and commercial purposes, but must be transparent "glass box" models.
It then outlines a multi-step process for model evaluation: 1) Consider the model boundaries 2) Evaluate the theoretical structure 3) Test against experimental data 4) Evaluate practical predictions. Specific aspects of evaluating the EFG Broiler Growth Model are then presented, including validating the underlying growth theory and comparing predictions to experimental results.
Effects of restricted feeding, low energy diet, and implantationNia Nia
This document describes a study that examined the effects of restricted feeding, a low-energy diet, and implantation of trenbolone acetate plus estradiol on growth, carcass traits, and circulating concentrations of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGF-binding protein-3 in finishing barrows. Sixty-four barrows were divided into groups subjected to different feeding regimens, diets, and implantation. Blood samples were taken every 3 weeks and animals were slaughtered at approximately 105 kg. Restricted feeding decreased average daily gain, the low-energy diet reduced backfat thickness but decreased feed efficiency, and implantation decreased average daily gain, feed intake and backfat thickness while increasing feed efficiency. Serum I
Dr. Abhijit Mitra, Associate Professor and former Head, Dept. of Marine Science, University of Calcutta (INDIA) has been active in the sphere of Oceanography since 1985. He obtained his Ph.D as NET qualified scholar in 1994. Since then he joined Calcutta Port Trust and WWF (World Wide Fund), in various capacities to carry out research programmes on environmental science, biodiversity conservation, climate change and carbon sequestration. Presently Dr. Mitra is serving as the advisor of Oceanography Division of Techno India University, Kolkata. He has to his credit about 388 scientific publications in various National and International journals, and 34 books of postgraduate standards. Dr. Mitra has successfully completed about 16 projects on biodiversity loss in fishery sector, coastal pollution, alternative livelihood, climate change and carbon sequestration. Dr. Mitra also visited as faculty member and invited speakers in several foreign Universities of Singapore, Kenya, Oman and USA. In 2008, Dr. Mitra was invited as visiting fellow at University of Massachusetts at Dartmouth, USA to deliver a series of lecture on Climate Change. Dr. Mitra also successfully guided 29 Ph.D students. Presently his domain of expertise includes environmental science, mangrove ecology, sustainable aquaculture, alternative livelihood, climate change and carbon sequestration.
Influence of Different Levels of Adsorbent “Vitacorm Reo-M” on the Morphologi...IJAEMSJORNAL
This document summarizes a study that investigated the effects of different levels of an adsorbent additive called "Vitacorm REO-M" on the growth, hematology, and serum biochemistry of pigs. Forty pigs were divided into four groups: a control group and three experimental groups that received the additive at levels of 2, 4, and 6 kg per ton of feed. Results showed that pigs receiving 4 kg per ton of feed had the highest average daily weight gain and overall body weight. Blood tests found increases in red blood cells and leukocytes in the experimental groups compared to the control. The group receiving 4 kg also had the highest levels of total protein and indicators within normal ranges for AST and ALT, suggesting
An experimental study was carried over a
period of 42 days using 160 day-old commercial broiler chicks
(Ven Cobb) to study the effect of copper and flavomycin as feed
additives on growth performance in broiler chicken. The birds
were divided into four groups with four replicates of ten chicks in
each replicate. The treatment (T1) was control with standard
broiler ration and Cu as CuSO4 at 100 ppm, 200 ppm and
flavomycin at 10 ppm were supplemented in the basal diet to
form treatment 2 (T2), treatment 3 (T3) and treatment 4 (T4)
respectively.
The chemical composition of T1, T2, T3 and T4 rations
contained 15.43, 106.49, 212.54 and 18.69 ppm of Cu in broiler
starter and 12.67, 101.13, 202.72 and 20.20 ppm of Cu in broiler
finisher, respectively. The results of the present study revealed
that the supplementation of Cu as CuSO4 (100 and 200 ppm) or
flavomycin (10 ppm) showed no significant difference among the
treatment groups with regard to the feed consumption, body
weight gain and feed conversion ratio up to six weeks of age. The
carcass weight, slaughter weight, dressing percentage and giblet
yield were not influenced by dietary supplementation of either
Cu or flavomycin. It was concluded that dietary supplementation
of broiler chicken with Cu up to 200 ppm and flavomycin at 10
ppm did not have any adverse effect on production performance
of broiler chicken.
This study examined the residues of the pesticide endosulfan in the milk of goats following ingestion of endosulfan through their diet. 12 goats were divided into 3 groups - a control group and two treatment groups that received either 15 mg or 30 mg of endosulfan per goat, daily, for 25 days. Milk samples were collected and analyzed for endosulfan residues. Residues gradually increased during treatment and peaked on the last day, then declined after treatment ended. The half-life of decline was approximately 8.67-8.88 days. There were no significant effects on feed intake, milk yield, milk composition or blood parameters in the treated goats.
Comparative Effect of Different Organic Acids (Benzoic, Acetic and Formic) on...My Own Business
Comparative Effect of Different Organic Acids (Benzoic, Acetic and Formic) on Growth Performance, Immune Response and Carcass Traits of Broilers
by Dr. Rashid Sohail
Concept paper, Effect of dietary selenium supplementation on follicular in goatMubasher Solangi
This concept paper proposes a study on the effects of dietary selenium supplementation on follicular growth in goats. The study aims to improve reproductive performance in small ruminants by achieving early maturity and maximizing fertilization through improved follicular growth. Thirty female goats will be divided into three groups - one control group fed a low concentrate diet through grazing, one treatment group also grazing but with selenium supplementation, and one treatment group confined with a high concentrate diet and selenium supplementation. Ovarian morphology, follicular development, hormone levels, and antioxidant status will be analyzed and compared between the groups both during and outside the breeding season to evaluate the effects of selenium supplementation.
Evaluation of heat treated small ruminants dropping as an alternative feedstu...Alexander Decker
This study evaluated heat-treated small ruminant droppings (SRD) as an alternative feedstuff in weanling pig diets. 144 crossbred piglets were fed one of four diets: a control diet with 0% SRD or test diets with 10%, 30%, or 50% SRD. Results showed SRD contains protein, fat, fiber and ash. Feed intake increased with SRD level, while weight gain and protein efficiency decreased at 30-50% SRD. Carcass characteristics were unaffected except for thigh weight. Digestibility of nutrients improved in test diets compared to control. The study concludes SRD is a potential feedstuff for pigs up to 50% dietary level.
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the feed intake and carcass characteristics of Bunaji bulls fed diets containing varying levels of raw or parboiled rice offal. Twenty bulls were assigned to one of five dietary treatments containing either 0%, 20%, or 30% raw or parboiled rice offal and fed for 90 days. Carcass evaluation of 15 bulls showed some carcass characteristics like legs, spleen, empty stomach, empty intestine, fat deposits varied significantly depending on the type of rice offal, with parboiled generally higher. Inclusion level of rice offal also significantly affected some carcass traits like dressing percentage and fat levels. The study concluded diets with 30% raw or par
Goat milk contains higher amounts of calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus than cow and human milk, but less vitamin D, vitamin B12, and folate. The fat and protein content is slightly lower in goat milk than cow milk, but the difference is not significant. The fat globules are smaller in goat milk, making it more easily digestible. Goat milk is recommended for infants, older people, and those recovering from illness. A study found no significant difference in the nutritional value of goat and cow milk proteins based on intake, growth rates, and protein efficiency ratios in rats. However, nitrogen digestibility and balance were higher in the rats consuming goat milk protein. Goat milk is thus concluded to have similar nutritional
Meat Quality of Broiler Chickens Fed Diets Containing some Tropical Leaves as...AI Publications
Meat quality, carcass and organ characteristic of arbo acre breed of broiler chicken fed diets containing moringa, fluted pumpkin and African spinach meals and their composites as replacement for 50% synthetic methionine in diets were examined using a completely randomized experimental design involving two hundred and forty (240) chicks. Which were randomly distributed into eight dietary treatments of three replicates per treatment and ten birds per replicate. This study lasted for six weeks. At the end of the experiment, three (3) birds per replicate were randomly selected and slaughtered. The carcass and the organs characteristic were measured and thigh, breast and drumstick were separated for meat quality analysis. The carcass characteristic were all significantly (P≥0.05) differ with moringa having the highest. The organ characteristic shows that there were no significant (p≤0.05) difference in all the parameters except for the belly fat. The meat quality (P≤0.05) affected. There was improvement in thaw loss, tenderness, juiciness and overall acceptability of the meats with the inclusion of the leaf mills. The composite leaf meal inclusion gave the overall best result. It was concluded that the selected leaf meals and their composite could be used to replacement 50% synthetic methionine in poultry diet.
This document discusses residual feed intake (RFI) in cattle. It defines RFI as the difference between an animal's actual feed intake and its expected intake based on size and growth. RFI values are obtained through long-term feeding trials and provide a measure of feeding efficiency. Selection for low RFI cattle that are more efficient is shown to reduce methane emissions by 15-30% and manure production by 15-20%, providing economic and environmental benefits. However, the high costs of RFI testing and measuring individual pasture intake present barriers to widespread adoption by cattle producers.
3 2011-comparative study of functional properties of commercial and membrane ...Bảo Dung Phan
Membrane processing of yellow pea protein isolates resulted in 28-68% lower phytic acid levels and generally enhanced functional properties compared to a commercial pea protein isolate. The membrane processed isolates had superior solubility, lower viscosity, better heat-induced gel formation, and lower gelling temperatures than the commercial isolate. Membrane purification using ultrafiltration and diafiltration is an effective way to improve the functional qualities of pea protein for use in foods.
This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ivermectin, fenbendazole and albendazole against gastrointestinal nematodes in naturally infected goats of government goat development farm, Sylhet, Bangladesh. The study included 50 black Bengal breed of which 30 were naturally infected and randomly selected 20 on the basis of their weight and egg count. Twenty black Bengal goats of 13-15 month old irrespective of sex infested with gastrointestinal nematodes were selected for this experiment and randomly divided into four equal groups (group A, B, C and D) where each group consisted of 5 goats and goats of group D were kept as control group. One injectable ivermectin (200μgkg-1 body weight, S/C) preparations (Techno Drugs Limited, Bangladesh) and two solid fenbendazole, albendazole (7.5 mgkg-1 body weight, orally) preparations (Techno Drugs Limited and Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Bangladesh) were used for positive control of gastrointestinal nematodes as group A, B and C. Goats of group D was kept as control without giving any treatment. Before trials (day 0), total egg count, blood samples and initial body weight were recorded. During the study period the faecal and blood samples were collected directly from rectum and examined on 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day using McMaster fecal egg counting method. Body weight were recorded on day 28 following the treatments. The results of the comparative efficacies of different anthelmintic of ivermectin was 100%, followed by fenbendazole 95.33% and albendazole 90.11%. McMaster fecal egg counting method disclose the percentage of Haemonchus spp. (15.38%), with Trichostrongylus spp, Strongyloides spp., and Cooperia spp. also present. The body weight of the treated animals were slightly increased which were significant (p<0.05). After treatment with ivermectin, fenbendazole and albendazole, Total Erythrocyte Count (TEC), Hemoglobin (Hb) content and Packed Cell Volume (PCV) were increased significantly (p>0.05 and p<0.01) in goats but Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) and Total Leukocyte Count (TLC) were decreased significantly (p>0.05) in all treated goat and body weight was increased significantly (p<0.01) on day 28. The farm management practices along with results of the present study revealed the efficacy of multiple anthelmintics against gastrointestinal nematodes in goats. Additional detailed studies are required to clarify the current status of the efficacy of the anthelmintics widely used in different agro ecologies, animal species, and livestock management systems in Bangladesh
This study examined the effects of varying dietary crude protein levels on indices of lipid metabolism and gene expression in broiler chickens. Male broiler chickens were fed diets containing 12%, 21%, or 30% protein, or were subjected to daily changes between 12% and 30% protein. Birds fed higher protein diets (21-30%) had lower rates of in vitro lipogenesis and lower malic enzyme activity compared to those fed lower protein diets (12%). Expression of genes for malic enzyme, fatty acid synthase, and acetyl-CoA carboxylase were constant with 12-21% protein but decreased when fed 30% protein (acute or chronic). The results demonstrate that dietary protein regulates lipid metabolism and gene expression
Assessment of Ginger and Black Pepper as Feed Additives on Growth Performance...Premier Publishers
This study examined the growth and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens fed diets with ginger (Zingiber officinale L) and black pepper (Piper guineense Schum & Thonn) additives. A total of 240 day old unsexed Anak-2000 broiler chicks were allotted to four treatments in a completely randomized design. Treatment 1 was the control with no additive, Treatment 2 had 0.5% ginger powder, Treatment 3 had 0.5% black pepper powder, while Treatment 4 had a mixture of 0.25% ginger and 0.25% black pepper. From the results obtained, the ginger, black pepper and their combination diets were significantly different (p<0.05) in weight gain from the control diet, with the ginger diet recording the highest value of 2299.09g per bird, as against 1821.77g per bird from the control. Average feed intake was highest in the ginger diet with 5130.14g as against the control diet that had the least with 4420.71g. The ginger and combination diets gave better feed conversion ratio of 2.23 and 2.28 respectively, which was also significantly different from the control. Mortality recorded in the control treatment was highest with 5.00% and significantly different from the other treatments. Plucked weight of experimental birds was highest in diet 2 with 2165.53g and least in the control diet with 1710.31g. It can be concluded that the addition of the natural plant additives improved the measured parameters in comparison to the control diet and thus suggest that they hold considerable potential as growth promoting agents in broiler production.
This study aims to investigate the direct and residual effects of dietary brewer's dried grain (BDG) on broiler performance, nutrient retention, feed intestinal transit time, and economics. Specifically, the study will:
1) Evaluate the direct effects of feeding BDG at 0-3 weeks on performance, nutrient retention, and feed transit time.
2) Assess the residual effects of BDG fed at 0-3 weeks on subsequent performance, nutrient retention, and economics at 4-6 weeks when birds are fed a standard diet.
3) Determine the correlation between feed transit time and nutrient retention, performance, and economics when broilers are fed different levels of BDG.
Comparative Effect of Some Proprietary Vitamins and Trace Mineral Mixtures on...iosrjce
The research study was carried out to evaluate the comparative effect of some proprietary
vitamins/trace mineral mixtures on the performance and egg quality of laying hens. Two hundred and fifty- six
fifty weeks old Yaffa strain laying birds were used. The birds were randomly allotted to four premixes fortified
experimental diets; PPGODOMIX, PPOMIX, PPROCHE and PPWRITEX with each diet containing isocaloric
and isoproteinous. Sixty four birds were randomly assigned to each of the dietary treatments. The birds were
further sub- divided into four replicates with sixteen birds per replicate. The four dietary treatments elicited no
significant (P>0.05) influence on the overall performance of birds. Percentage hen day egg production was
equally not significantly (P>0.05) affected by any of the dietary treatments examined. The average daily feed
intake was significantly (P<0.05)><0.05)>0.05) influenced by PPOMIX. Birds fed PPOMIX obtained a significantly (P<0.05) higher
value of egg weight, albumen weight and blood spot which were statistically similar to other experimental
premixes examined. The results generated from this study revealed that premix of similar profile will give
similar result which could be used to improve ration management towards enhanced feed utilization and egg
internal/external quality.
For a human body to function properly it is essential to have a certain amount of body fat. Fat serves to
manage body temperature, pads and protects the organs. Fat is the fundamental type of the body's vitality
stockpiling. It is important to have a healthy amount of body fat. Overabundance of fat quotient can build
danger of genuine wellbeing issues. Anthropometry is a broadly accessible and basic strategy for the
appraisal of body composition. Anthropometry measures are weight, height, Body Mass Index (BMI),
waist, boundary, biceps, skinfold etc. The human fat percentage is figured by taking anthropometric
variables. We proposed a methodology to determine the body fat percentage using R programming and
regression formula. We analyzed 10 anthropometric variables and 3 demographic variables. Our study
shows that the impact of certain variables has an edge over other in predicting body fat percentage.
A Simple, Practical Method for Measurement of Fat in Milk, Applied to Mid- to...CrimsonpublishersNTNF
A Simple, Practical Method for Measurement of Fat in Milk, Applied to Mid- to Late-Lactating Working Elephants in Myanmar by Ellen S Dierenfeld in Food science journal
This study aims to investigate the direct and residual effects of dietary maize milling waste (MMW) on broiler performance, nutrient retention, feed intestinal transit time (FITT), and economics. Ninety-six broiler chicks will be fed either a control diet or diets with 5%, 10%, or 15% MMW from 0-3 weeks. At 3 weeks, all birds will receive the control diet to 6 weeks. FITT and nutrient retention will be measured at 3 and 6 weeks. Data will be analyzed to determine the effects of MMW on performance, nutrient retention, FITT, and the correlation between FITT and nutrient retention. The results will provide information on how MMW impacts broiler production
This study evaluated 24 roosters based on a semen index (SI) score that incorporated several semen traits. Mass motility had the highest correlation (0.71) with SI scores. The study found mass motility could be used instead of the full SI to evaluate roosters for fertility and hatchability. Mass motility alone significantly impacted fertility and hatchability percentages. This provides evidence that mass motility can be used for genetic evaluation of roosters aimed at improving reproductive performance.
- The study analyzed records of 19090 calvings from 3181 Holstein cows in Iraq from 1990 to 2004.
- A logistic regression found that odds of dystocia were affected by year, season, calf sex, parity, and birth weight. Specifically, odds decreased 5% per year and were 27% higher in winter, 39% higher for males, 2.04 times higher for first-parity cows, and increased 16% per kg of birth weight.
- The heritability of dystocia was estimated to be 0.12, indicating dystocia is moderately influenced by genetics.
Influence of Different Levels of Adsorbent “Vitacorm Reo-M” on the Morphologi...IJAEMSJORNAL
This document summarizes a study that investigated the effects of different levels of an adsorbent additive called "Vitacorm REO-M" on the growth, hematology, and serum biochemistry of pigs. Forty pigs were divided into four groups: a control group and three experimental groups that received the additive at levels of 2, 4, and 6 kg per ton of feed. Results showed that pigs receiving 4 kg per ton of feed had the highest average daily weight gain and overall body weight. Blood tests found increases in red blood cells and leukocytes in the experimental groups compared to the control. The group receiving 4 kg also had the highest levels of total protein and indicators within normal ranges for AST and ALT, suggesting
An experimental study was carried over a
period of 42 days using 160 day-old commercial broiler chicks
(Ven Cobb) to study the effect of copper and flavomycin as feed
additives on growth performance in broiler chicken. The birds
were divided into four groups with four replicates of ten chicks in
each replicate. The treatment (T1) was control with standard
broiler ration and Cu as CuSO4 at 100 ppm, 200 ppm and
flavomycin at 10 ppm were supplemented in the basal diet to
form treatment 2 (T2), treatment 3 (T3) and treatment 4 (T4)
respectively.
The chemical composition of T1, T2, T3 and T4 rations
contained 15.43, 106.49, 212.54 and 18.69 ppm of Cu in broiler
starter and 12.67, 101.13, 202.72 and 20.20 ppm of Cu in broiler
finisher, respectively. The results of the present study revealed
that the supplementation of Cu as CuSO4 (100 and 200 ppm) or
flavomycin (10 ppm) showed no significant difference among the
treatment groups with regard to the feed consumption, body
weight gain and feed conversion ratio up to six weeks of age. The
carcass weight, slaughter weight, dressing percentage and giblet
yield were not influenced by dietary supplementation of either
Cu or flavomycin. It was concluded that dietary supplementation
of broiler chicken with Cu up to 200 ppm and flavomycin at 10
ppm did not have any adverse effect on production performance
of broiler chicken.
This study examined the residues of the pesticide endosulfan in the milk of goats following ingestion of endosulfan through their diet. 12 goats were divided into 3 groups - a control group and two treatment groups that received either 15 mg or 30 mg of endosulfan per goat, daily, for 25 days. Milk samples were collected and analyzed for endosulfan residues. Residues gradually increased during treatment and peaked on the last day, then declined after treatment ended. The half-life of decline was approximately 8.67-8.88 days. There were no significant effects on feed intake, milk yield, milk composition or blood parameters in the treated goats.
Comparative Effect of Different Organic Acids (Benzoic, Acetic and Formic) on...My Own Business
Comparative Effect of Different Organic Acids (Benzoic, Acetic and Formic) on Growth Performance, Immune Response and Carcass Traits of Broilers
by Dr. Rashid Sohail
Concept paper, Effect of dietary selenium supplementation on follicular in goatMubasher Solangi
This concept paper proposes a study on the effects of dietary selenium supplementation on follicular growth in goats. The study aims to improve reproductive performance in small ruminants by achieving early maturity and maximizing fertilization through improved follicular growth. Thirty female goats will be divided into three groups - one control group fed a low concentrate diet through grazing, one treatment group also grazing but with selenium supplementation, and one treatment group confined with a high concentrate diet and selenium supplementation. Ovarian morphology, follicular development, hormone levels, and antioxidant status will be analyzed and compared between the groups both during and outside the breeding season to evaluate the effects of selenium supplementation.
Evaluation of heat treated small ruminants dropping as an alternative feedstu...Alexander Decker
This study evaluated heat-treated small ruminant droppings (SRD) as an alternative feedstuff in weanling pig diets. 144 crossbred piglets were fed one of four diets: a control diet with 0% SRD or test diets with 10%, 30%, or 50% SRD. Results showed SRD contains protein, fat, fiber and ash. Feed intake increased with SRD level, while weight gain and protein efficiency decreased at 30-50% SRD. Carcass characteristics were unaffected except for thigh weight. Digestibility of nutrients improved in test diets compared to control. The study concludes SRD is a potential feedstuff for pigs up to 50% dietary level.
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the feed intake and carcass characteristics of Bunaji bulls fed diets containing varying levels of raw or parboiled rice offal. Twenty bulls were assigned to one of five dietary treatments containing either 0%, 20%, or 30% raw or parboiled rice offal and fed for 90 days. Carcass evaluation of 15 bulls showed some carcass characteristics like legs, spleen, empty stomach, empty intestine, fat deposits varied significantly depending on the type of rice offal, with parboiled generally higher. Inclusion level of rice offal also significantly affected some carcass traits like dressing percentage and fat levels. The study concluded diets with 30% raw or par
Goat milk contains higher amounts of calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus than cow and human milk, but less vitamin D, vitamin B12, and folate. The fat and protein content is slightly lower in goat milk than cow milk, but the difference is not significant. The fat globules are smaller in goat milk, making it more easily digestible. Goat milk is recommended for infants, older people, and those recovering from illness. A study found no significant difference in the nutritional value of goat and cow milk proteins based on intake, growth rates, and protein efficiency ratios in rats. However, nitrogen digestibility and balance were higher in the rats consuming goat milk protein. Goat milk is thus concluded to have similar nutritional
Meat Quality of Broiler Chickens Fed Diets Containing some Tropical Leaves as...AI Publications
Meat quality, carcass and organ characteristic of arbo acre breed of broiler chicken fed diets containing moringa, fluted pumpkin and African spinach meals and their composites as replacement for 50% synthetic methionine in diets were examined using a completely randomized experimental design involving two hundred and forty (240) chicks. Which were randomly distributed into eight dietary treatments of three replicates per treatment and ten birds per replicate. This study lasted for six weeks. At the end of the experiment, three (3) birds per replicate were randomly selected and slaughtered. The carcass and the organs characteristic were measured and thigh, breast and drumstick were separated for meat quality analysis. The carcass characteristic were all significantly (P≥0.05) differ with moringa having the highest. The organ characteristic shows that there were no significant (p≤0.05) difference in all the parameters except for the belly fat. The meat quality (P≤0.05) affected. There was improvement in thaw loss, tenderness, juiciness and overall acceptability of the meats with the inclusion of the leaf mills. The composite leaf meal inclusion gave the overall best result. It was concluded that the selected leaf meals and their composite could be used to replacement 50% synthetic methionine in poultry diet.
This document discusses residual feed intake (RFI) in cattle. It defines RFI as the difference between an animal's actual feed intake and its expected intake based on size and growth. RFI values are obtained through long-term feeding trials and provide a measure of feeding efficiency. Selection for low RFI cattle that are more efficient is shown to reduce methane emissions by 15-30% and manure production by 15-20%, providing economic and environmental benefits. However, the high costs of RFI testing and measuring individual pasture intake present barriers to widespread adoption by cattle producers.
3 2011-comparative study of functional properties of commercial and membrane ...Bảo Dung Phan
Membrane processing of yellow pea protein isolates resulted in 28-68% lower phytic acid levels and generally enhanced functional properties compared to a commercial pea protein isolate. The membrane processed isolates had superior solubility, lower viscosity, better heat-induced gel formation, and lower gelling temperatures than the commercial isolate. Membrane purification using ultrafiltration and diafiltration is an effective way to improve the functional qualities of pea protein for use in foods.
This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ivermectin, fenbendazole and albendazole against gastrointestinal nematodes in naturally infected goats of government goat development farm, Sylhet, Bangladesh. The study included 50 black Bengal breed of which 30 were naturally infected and randomly selected 20 on the basis of their weight and egg count. Twenty black Bengal goats of 13-15 month old irrespective of sex infested with gastrointestinal nematodes were selected for this experiment and randomly divided into four equal groups (group A, B, C and D) where each group consisted of 5 goats and goats of group D were kept as control group. One injectable ivermectin (200μgkg-1 body weight, S/C) preparations (Techno Drugs Limited, Bangladesh) and two solid fenbendazole, albendazole (7.5 mgkg-1 body weight, orally) preparations (Techno Drugs Limited and Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Bangladesh) were used for positive control of gastrointestinal nematodes as group A, B and C. Goats of group D was kept as control without giving any treatment. Before trials (day 0), total egg count, blood samples and initial body weight were recorded. During the study period the faecal and blood samples were collected directly from rectum and examined on 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day using McMaster fecal egg counting method. Body weight were recorded on day 28 following the treatments. The results of the comparative efficacies of different anthelmintic of ivermectin was 100%, followed by fenbendazole 95.33% and albendazole 90.11%. McMaster fecal egg counting method disclose the percentage of Haemonchus spp. (15.38%), with Trichostrongylus spp, Strongyloides spp., and Cooperia spp. also present. The body weight of the treated animals were slightly increased which were significant (p<0.05). After treatment with ivermectin, fenbendazole and albendazole, Total Erythrocyte Count (TEC), Hemoglobin (Hb) content and Packed Cell Volume (PCV) were increased significantly (p>0.05 and p<0.01) in goats but Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) and Total Leukocyte Count (TLC) were decreased significantly (p>0.05) in all treated goat and body weight was increased significantly (p<0.01) on day 28. The farm management practices along with results of the present study revealed the efficacy of multiple anthelmintics against gastrointestinal nematodes in goats. Additional detailed studies are required to clarify the current status of the efficacy of the anthelmintics widely used in different agro ecologies, animal species, and livestock management systems in Bangladesh
This study examined the effects of varying dietary crude protein levels on indices of lipid metabolism and gene expression in broiler chickens. Male broiler chickens were fed diets containing 12%, 21%, or 30% protein, or were subjected to daily changes between 12% and 30% protein. Birds fed higher protein diets (21-30%) had lower rates of in vitro lipogenesis and lower malic enzyme activity compared to those fed lower protein diets (12%). Expression of genes for malic enzyme, fatty acid synthase, and acetyl-CoA carboxylase were constant with 12-21% protein but decreased when fed 30% protein (acute or chronic). The results demonstrate that dietary protein regulates lipid metabolism and gene expression
Assessment of Ginger and Black Pepper as Feed Additives on Growth Performance...Premier Publishers
This study examined the growth and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens fed diets with ginger (Zingiber officinale L) and black pepper (Piper guineense Schum & Thonn) additives. A total of 240 day old unsexed Anak-2000 broiler chicks were allotted to four treatments in a completely randomized design. Treatment 1 was the control with no additive, Treatment 2 had 0.5% ginger powder, Treatment 3 had 0.5% black pepper powder, while Treatment 4 had a mixture of 0.25% ginger and 0.25% black pepper. From the results obtained, the ginger, black pepper and their combination diets were significantly different (p<0.05) in weight gain from the control diet, with the ginger diet recording the highest value of 2299.09g per bird, as against 1821.77g per bird from the control. Average feed intake was highest in the ginger diet with 5130.14g as against the control diet that had the least with 4420.71g. The ginger and combination diets gave better feed conversion ratio of 2.23 and 2.28 respectively, which was also significantly different from the control. Mortality recorded in the control treatment was highest with 5.00% and significantly different from the other treatments. Plucked weight of experimental birds was highest in diet 2 with 2165.53g and least in the control diet with 1710.31g. It can be concluded that the addition of the natural plant additives improved the measured parameters in comparison to the control diet and thus suggest that they hold considerable potential as growth promoting agents in broiler production.
This study aims to investigate the direct and residual effects of dietary brewer's dried grain (BDG) on broiler performance, nutrient retention, feed intestinal transit time, and economics. Specifically, the study will:
1) Evaluate the direct effects of feeding BDG at 0-3 weeks on performance, nutrient retention, and feed transit time.
2) Assess the residual effects of BDG fed at 0-3 weeks on subsequent performance, nutrient retention, and economics at 4-6 weeks when birds are fed a standard diet.
3) Determine the correlation between feed transit time and nutrient retention, performance, and economics when broilers are fed different levels of BDG.
Comparative Effect of Some Proprietary Vitamins and Trace Mineral Mixtures on...iosrjce
The research study was carried out to evaluate the comparative effect of some proprietary
vitamins/trace mineral mixtures on the performance and egg quality of laying hens. Two hundred and fifty- six
fifty weeks old Yaffa strain laying birds were used. The birds were randomly allotted to four premixes fortified
experimental diets; PPGODOMIX, PPOMIX, PPROCHE and PPWRITEX with each diet containing isocaloric
and isoproteinous. Sixty four birds were randomly assigned to each of the dietary treatments. The birds were
further sub- divided into four replicates with sixteen birds per replicate. The four dietary treatments elicited no
significant (P>0.05) influence on the overall performance of birds. Percentage hen day egg production was
equally not significantly (P>0.05) affected by any of the dietary treatments examined. The average daily feed
intake was significantly (P<0.05)><0.05)>0.05) influenced by PPOMIX. Birds fed PPOMIX obtained a significantly (P<0.05) higher
value of egg weight, albumen weight and blood spot which were statistically similar to other experimental
premixes examined. The results generated from this study revealed that premix of similar profile will give
similar result which could be used to improve ration management towards enhanced feed utilization and egg
internal/external quality.
For a human body to function properly it is essential to have a certain amount of body fat. Fat serves to
manage body temperature, pads and protects the organs. Fat is the fundamental type of the body's vitality
stockpiling. It is important to have a healthy amount of body fat. Overabundance of fat quotient can build
danger of genuine wellbeing issues. Anthropometry is a broadly accessible and basic strategy for the
appraisal of body composition. Anthropometry measures are weight, height, Body Mass Index (BMI),
waist, boundary, biceps, skinfold etc. The human fat percentage is figured by taking anthropometric
variables. We proposed a methodology to determine the body fat percentage using R programming and
regression formula. We analyzed 10 anthropometric variables and 3 demographic variables. Our study
shows that the impact of certain variables has an edge over other in predicting body fat percentage.
A Simple, Practical Method for Measurement of Fat in Milk, Applied to Mid- to...CrimsonpublishersNTNF
A Simple, Practical Method for Measurement of Fat in Milk, Applied to Mid- to Late-Lactating Working Elephants in Myanmar by Ellen S Dierenfeld in Food science journal
This study aims to investigate the direct and residual effects of dietary maize milling waste (MMW) on broiler performance, nutrient retention, feed intestinal transit time (FITT), and economics. Ninety-six broiler chicks will be fed either a control diet or diets with 5%, 10%, or 15% MMW from 0-3 weeks. At 3 weeks, all birds will receive the control diet to 6 weeks. FITT and nutrient retention will be measured at 3 and 6 weeks. Data will be analyzed to determine the effects of MMW on performance, nutrient retention, FITT, and the correlation between FITT and nutrient retention. The results will provide information on how MMW impacts broiler production
This study evaluated 24 roosters based on a semen index (SI) score that incorporated several semen traits. Mass motility had the highest correlation (0.71) with SI scores. The study found mass motility could be used instead of the full SI to evaluate roosters for fertility and hatchability. Mass motility alone significantly impacted fertility and hatchability percentages. This provides evidence that mass motility can be used for genetic evaluation of roosters aimed at improving reproductive performance.
- The study analyzed records of 19090 calvings from 3181 Holstein cows in Iraq from 1990 to 2004.
- A logistic regression found that odds of dystocia were affected by year, season, calf sex, parity, and birth weight. Specifically, odds decreased 5% per year and were 27% higher in winter, 39% higher for males, 2.04 times higher for first-parity cows, and increased 16% per kg of birth weight.
- The heritability of dystocia was estimated to be 0.12, indicating dystocia is moderately influenced by genetics.
This document summarizes a study on the genetic evaluation of rams for total milk yield in Iraqi Awassi sheep. The study analyzed 344 milk records collected from 2006-2007 to investigate the effects of non-genetic factors like year, parity, litter size, and lamb sex on total milk yield, average daily milk yield, and lactation period. The results showed that parity and production year significantly affected all three traits, while litter size only affected lactation period. Heritability estimates for total milk yield, average daily milk yield, and lactation period were 0.47, 0.44, and 0.33 respectively. Best Linear Unbiased Prediction values for rams' total milk yield ranged from 48.49 kg
The study analyzed records of 17,787 Holstein cows from 1999 to 2004 to investigate the effects of environmental factors on abortion rates and offspring sex ratios. The overall abortion mean was 5.80% and was significantly affected by season and year of calving, with higher rates in spring and summer. The overall offspring sex ratio mean was 51.05% male. Year of conception and calving interval significantly affected sex ratio, with ratios skewed in some years and intervals. The document provides background on abortion and sex ratio in cattle before presenting results of the statistical analysis of the data, which found some environmental factors had significant impacts on the two traits studied.
Longevity is a highly desirable trait that considerably affects overall profitability. With increased longevity, the mean production of the herd increases because a greater proportion of the culling decisions are based on production. Longevity did not receive adequate attention in breeding programs because genetic evaluation for this trait is generally difficult as some animals are still alive at the time of genetic evaluation. Therefore, three basic strategies were suggested to evaluate longevity for cows: Firstly, cow survival to a specific age, which can be analyzed as a binary trait by either linear or threshold models. Secondly, estimating life expectancy of live cows and including these records in a linear model analysis. Thirdly, survival analysis: a method of combining the information of dead (uncensored) and alive (censored) cows in same analysis. This review represents an attempt to shed a light on different strategies of genetic evaluation of longevity in dairy cattle in most of developed countries.
This study investigated the effects of adding different levels of dried kefir milk (0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%) to the diet of 240 Ross 308 broiler chicks on their serum protein ratios. The results showed that adding 0.4% and 0.6% dried kefir milk significantly improved albumin, post-albumin, and γ-globulin ratios compared to the control diet. There were no significant differences found in pre-albumin, α-globulin, or β-globulin ratios between treatments. The study concluded that adding 0.4-0.6% dried kefir milk to the diet can improve some serum protein ratios in broiler chicks.
The effect of corn oil in sperm parameters and levels of some hormone, elemen...Alexander Decker
This study investigated the effects of corn oil on sperm parameters, hormone levels, biochemical parameters, and trace elements in male rabbits. Fifteen male rabbits were divided into three groups: a control group given water and two experimental groups given 2 ml/day or 2.5 ml/day of corn oil. The results showed corn oil significantly increased sperm parameters but insignificantly affected hormone levels, biochemical parameters, and trace elements. Corn oil may improve semen quality in animals and humans by optimizing fatty acid levels important for sperm membrane structure and function.
This document summarizes a study that investigated the associative effects of non-starch polysaccharide enzymes and probiotics on the performance, nutrient utilization, gut health, and economics of broilers fed sub-optimal energy diets. 150 broiler chicks were fed one of five diets: a standard diet, a basal diet with 225 kcal/kg less ME than the standard, or the basal diet supplemented with NSP enzymes, probiotics, or both. Supplementing the basal diet with NSP enzymes and probiotics significantly improved body weight gain and feed conversion ratio compared to the basal diet alone. Nutrient retention was also higher with supplementation. Gut pH, viscosity and E. coli counts decreased with supplementation,
Assessment of the broilers performance, gut healthiness and carcass character...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract—The objectives of the current study were to evaluate the performance responses, guts healthiness, and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens fed on formulated diets included dried coriander, turmeric and thyme. Unsexed commercially available chicks were enrolled into five experimental treatments each of eighty birds with four replicates per treatment. The birds were housed in deep litter clean pens. The experimental groups were as follow: Control; coriander; thyme; turmeric, and mixed. Two formulated diets (starter & finisher) to which all the dietary additives were added in a dried powdered form and at the level of 0.75% expect for the mixed group as each additive was used at level 0.25%. Performance parameters including weekly body development, body weights gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio were recorded during the 35-d experimental period. Also, representative samples from each replicate were gathered for the detection of carcass traits, consumer acceptability, and the gut morphometric changes. The data revealed that coriander, and turmeric significantly (p<0.05) increased the villus heights and crypt depths as compared to control which is concomitant with the improvement of performance results when incorporated solely in broilers diet at 0.75% level , but consumer acceptability was lowered specifically for the turmeric –fed group.
This document summarizes a study that investigated the effects of aged black garlic extract (ABG) on obesity and hyperlipidemia in rats fed a high-fat diet. The study found that ABG extract significantly lowered body weight and fat pad weight in rats compared to controls. It also improved lipid profiles by decreasing serum triglycerides and hepatic total cholesterol. ABG extract increased the glutathione to oxidized glutathione ratio in serum and the liver, and decreased serum lipid peroxidation levels. The results suggest that ABG extract may help reduce obesity and dyslipidemia by decreasing body fat accumulation and regulating lipid profiles and antioxidant defenses.
Comparative Study of Feeding Different Levels of Black Cumin (Nigella sativa)...BRNSS Publication Hub
The present work was aimed to determine the comparative effect of feeding different levels of black cumin
on growth, feed consumption, and feed efficiency of COBB-500 broiler. Three hundred and twenty, daysold straight run COBB-500 chicks from a lot of the same hatch were brooded in an electrically operated
battery brooder for a period of 7 days, where pre-experimental diet was offered. On the 8th day, chicks
having uniform body weight were randomly allocated into four dietary treatments with four replications
(20 chicks in each). The isoproteinous and isocaloric formulated standard starter (1–10 days), grower
(11–20 days), and finisher (21–42 days) diets were supplemented with different levels of black cumin of
T1 – control, T2 – 0.25% black cumin, T3 – 0.5% black cumin, and T4 – 0.75% black cumin, respectively.
The chicks were offered ad libitum treatment diets and clean drinking water. The desired data were
recorded weekly, which included live weight, weight gain, feed consumption, and feed efficiency of
broiler birds. The obtained data were subjected to statistical analysis under completely randomized design
as per the methods of MSTAT. Final live weight of the birds was found highly significant (P < 0.01) for
all treatment groups. Highest final weight gain (2244.59 g) was found in birds fed ration supplemented
with 0.5% black cumin. Daily live weight of the birds was also found highly significant (P < 0.01) for all
treatment groups. Highest daily live weight gain (60.27 g) was found in birds fed ration supplemented
with 0.5% black cumin. Supplementation of black cumin in the broiler rations did not exhibit any
significant effect (P > 0.05) on the total feed consumption. Feed conversion ratio was found significantly
different (P < 0.01) for all treatment groups. It is, therefore, concluded that inclusion of black cumin in
the broiler rations could be economical and efficient production of broilers
Effect of different fermentation methods on growth indices and serum profile ...Alexander Decker
This study compared the effects of different fermentation methods of soybeans on growth indices and serum profiles of broiler chickens. 240 day-old broilers were divided into 4 groups fed diets with soybeans processed using different methods: lactobacillus fermentation (control), cooking and fermenting, daddawa fermentation, or cooking with potash before fermentation. Growth was measured over 8 weeks. Fermentation methods significantly increased specific growth rate and growth efficiency compared to the control during the starter phase. Feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio, and energy efficiency ratio were also significantly affected by diet. Variations in serum profiles were significant except for cholesterol. The results suggest that fermentation improves growth indices, protein and energy
To avoid diseases resulting from high pathogenic pressure in intensive broiler and turkey housing systems, antibiotic growth promoters have been used in many cases in the past. Since the EU-prohibition of these products, an increasing interest exists for alternatives to support the microbiota in the intestine and for the maintenance of animal health.
Performance by Layer upon Substitution of Soybean Meal with Mung Bean Protein...Premier Publishers
This study assessed the effects of substituting soybean meal with mung bean protein concentrate (MBPC) in layer diets. 180 laying hens were fed one of 9 experimental diets containing 0-100% substitution of soybean meal with either 70% or 75% CP MBPC over 4 periods. Results showed that egg production, egg mass, and feed conversion ratio were not significantly different for the first 3 periods but egg production was significantly lower in the 4th period for diets with higher MBPC substitution levels. It was concluded that MBPC can substitute up to 25% of soybean meal without negatively impacting performance or economic benefit returns.
The document discusses developments in nutrient requirements of chickens over the past five decades. Genetic selection has contributed 85-90% of production improvements, while advances in nutrition have contributed 10-15%. Precise nutrient requirements depend on bird genetics, sex, production stage, and environmental factors. Requirements have been defined by several agencies and continue to be refined. Advances include defining requirements for individual amino acids using the ideal protein concept, determining digestible nutrient levels in feed ingredients, and formulating least-cost diets. Future areas of focus are feed additives, alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters, and improving nutrient utilization efficiency.
This document summarizes a study that evaluated replacing methanol extracts of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) for antibiotics in broiler chicken feed. Sixty broiler chicks were divided into three treatment groups: control, 0.1% alfalfa extract, and 0.15% alfalfa extract. Liver enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP) and weight gain were measured. The alfalfa treatments increased ALP levels significantly compared to the control. Weight gain increased significantly in both treatment groups compared to the control. The study concludes that replacing methanol extracts of alfalfa in broiler feed at the listed doses can increase weight gain without antibiotics and without causing liver problems.
Effect of dietary lipid level on growth, feed utilizationHafez Mabrouk
1) Juvenile giant croaker (Nibea japonica) were fed 5 experimental diets containing graded levels of fish oil from 5% to 21% lipid to determine the effects on growth performance, feed utilization, and body composition.
2) Fish fed diets with 5-13% lipid showed significantly higher weight gain and growth rate than those fed 17-21% lipid diets. Based on a regression analysis, 8.22% lipid provided maximum growth.
3) Fish fed 9-13% lipid diets had improved protein utilization and feed conversion efficiency compared to other lipid levels. Higher lipid diets decreased feed intake.
4) Lower lipid diets (5-9%) resulted in
Effect of tocopherol extraction of lepidium sativum seeds in sperm parameters...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that investigated the effects of tocopherol extracted from Lepidium sativum (garden cress) seeds on sperm parameters in male rabbits. The study found that orally administering 33.6 mg/kg of body weight per day of the tocopherol extract for 50 days significantly increased testicular and epididymal sperm concentration, sperm motility, viability and reduced abnormal morphology. This suggests the tocopherol extract from garden cress seeds has the potential to enhance human fertility.
This study evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation of soapnut shell powder on the performance and immune response of broiler breeders. Ninety-six female and twenty-four male broiler breeders aged 38 weeks were fed one of four diets: a control diet or the control diet supplemented with graded levels of soapnut shell powder equivalent to 0, 50, 75, or 150 ppm of saponin. Dry matter intake and serum protein levels were not significantly different between treatments. Cell-mediated and humoral immune responses were significantly higher in birds fed higher levels of soapnut shell powder supplementation compared to the control, indicating improved immunity. The results suggest that dietary supplementation of soapnut shell powder up to a level equivalent to 150
seminar in poultry nutrion by food additives.pptxmidoelzoghbfs94
The document discusses the effects of alpha-lipoic acid supplementation on broiler performance and physiology. It provides background on alpha-lipoic acid, including its forms, functions, and sources. It then reviews literature which has found that supplemental alpha-lipoic acid can improve broiler growth performance, antioxidant status, and serum biomarkers. Specifically, studies have shown increased weight gain, feed intake, antioxidant enzymes, glutathione levels, and decreased fat deposition and malondialdehyde levels with optimal supplemental levels of 50-100 mg/kg alpha-lipoic acid.
Production of shell eggs enriched with n-3 fatty acidsiosrphr_editor
Unsaturated long chain fatty acids (n-3 FAs) have been proposed in a human diet to reduce the risk of atherosclerosis and therefore the risk of stroke. N-3 FAs also play an important role in retinal and brain tissue development in the neonate. The main natural source of n-3 FA is marine fish. The aim of this work was to create shell egg enriched with n-3 FAs using natural golden marine algae (MA) as a supplement in hen's diet. Three experiments were conducted: (1) hundred hens from the hybrid Lohmann Brown were fed with diet containing 1.27% MA; (2) hundred hens from the same hybrid were fed with diet containing 1.77% MA; (3) hundred hens were the control group. The duration of the experiments was 4 weeks. Slight enriching of the shell egg yolk at the both groups fed with diet containing MA happened after the end of the second week. The concentration of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; C22:6, n=3) at the 1st experimental group was 90.3 mg/100 g of egg mass, and 112.1 mg/100 g of egg mass at the 2nd experimental group. The concentration of DHA at the control group was 54.5 mg/100 g of egg mass. After the 3rd week the concentration of DHA at the 1st group increased to 201.2 mg/100 g of egg mass and to 304.9 mg/100 g of egg mass at the 2nd group. At that time the concentration of the DHA at the control group remained unchanged. At the end of the 4th week the concentration of DHA reached the maximum level: 224.5 mg/100 g of egg mass at the 1st group and 328.4 mg/ 100 g of egg mass at the 2nd group. The concentration of the DHA at the control group was 51.9 mg/100 g egg mass. It is interested to note that eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; C20:5, n=3) appeared in low concentrations of 10-15 mg/100g of egg mass at the end of the 4th week of the experiment at the 2nd experimental group.
Performance and Blood Profiles of Finisher Broilers Fed Diets Containing Grad...BRNSS Publication Hub
A 4-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the performance and blood profiles of finisher broilers fed cashew pulp meal (CPM) based diets. 135 finisher broilers, “Arbor acre” strain was randomly allocated to five dietary treatments consisting of three replicates of 9 finisher broilers each. Five on-farm diets containing 0 (control), 10, 20, 30, and 40% CPM replacing maize coded as T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5, respectively, were formulated. All performance parameters measured were significantly different (P < 0.05). Final weight, daily weight gain (DWG), daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio, mortality, feed cost/kg gain (feed cost/kg gain), and cost of 1 kg feed ranged from 1042.54 to 1305.55g, 16.31 to 28.51g, 91.86 to 110.54g, 3.26 to 5.56, 0 to 22.22%, 115.43 to 135.46, and 414.23 to 611.43, respectively. Hematological profile show that packed cell volume varied from 28.67 to 31.00%, hemoglobin (Hb) 9.07 to 10.60g/dl, red blood cell 1.80 to 2.31 × 106/μl, white blood cell 213.13 to 223.67 × 103/μl, mean corpuscular volume 132.27 to 134.87 fl, means corpuscular Hb (MCH) concentration 29.80 to 31.63 g/dl, and MCH 40.10 to 41.87 pg, respectively, and were significantly (P < 0.05) different. Treatments showed significant difference (P < 0.05) all serum parameters, the obtained values were total protein 4.25–4.92 g/dl, albumin 1.73–2.37 g/dl, aspartate aminotransferase 102.33–135.67 μ/l, alanine aminotransferase 4.00–7.33 μ/l, and total cholesterol 2.37–3.73 Mmol/l. The study showed that CPM depressed live weight but did not affect birds’ health even at 40% replacement of maize.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
Physiology and chemistry of skin and pigmentation, hairs, scalp, lips and nail, Cleansing cream, Lotions, Face powders, Face packs, Lipsticks, Bath products, soaps and baby product,
Preparation and standardization of the following : Tonic, Bleaches, Dentifrices and Mouth washes & Tooth Pastes, Cosmetics for Nails.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Assessment and Planning in Educational technology.pptxKavitha Krishnan
In an education system, it is understood that assessment is only for the students, but on the other hand, the Assessment of teachers is also an important aspect of the education system that ensures teachers are providing high-quality instruction to students. The assessment process can be used to provide feedback and support for professional development, to inform decisions about teacher retention or promotion, or to evaluate teacher effectiveness for accountability purposes.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
1. G.J.B.B., VOL.2 (3) 2013: 326-330
ISSN 2278 – 9103
EFFECT OF USING CUMIN OIL (Cuminum cyminum) AS FEED ADDITIVES
ON PROFILE ANALYSIS AND GROWTH CURVE OF BROILER
Eman H. Al- Anbari1, Ahmed A. Abbas2, Firas R. Al-Samarai3, Jenan S. Al-Shamire4 & Falah H. Al-Zaidi5
1, 4
Department of Animal Resources/College of Agriculture/University of Baghdad/Iraq
Department of Animal Resources/College of Agriculture/University of Anbar/Iraq
3
Department of Veterinary /Public Health/College of Veterinary Medicine/University of Baghdad/Iraq
5
Department of Animal Resources / Directorate of Baghdad Agriculture /Ministry of Agriculture/ Iraq
2
ABSTRACT
An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of adding different percentages of cumin oil in diet (0% (control),
15%, 30% and 45%) on weekly and final body weight of Ross 308 broiler. Profile analysis was applied to detect the
parallelism between growth curves of all groups, whereas nonlinear regression and linear regression were used to fit
growth curves. The groups’ profiles were found not parallel in terms of cumulative weekly body weight. Two ways
analysis of variance with interaction (ANOVA) was performed and t-test was used to identify the differences between
studied traits. Results revealed that adding cumin oil to diet has increased significantly (P < 0.05) the weekly and final
weight in treated groups as compared with control. In order to describe the growth curve, four statistical methods were
used: simple linear regression and Gompertz, Verhulst, and Weighted Least Square (WLS) nonlinear regression. Results
obtained that WLS function was more powerful for fitting the data as compared with other functions. As there are
significant differences in weekly and final body weight in addition to that the growth curves were no parallel, the adding of
cumin oil (45%) to diet of broiler may play an important role in profitability by increasing the final body weight.
KEY WORDS: growth curve, nonlinear regression, cumin, broiler etc.
Growth curve models provide a set of parameters that are
using to describe growth pattern over time, and to estimate
the expected weight of animals at a specific age (Tzeng
and Becker, 1981; Yakupoglu and Atil, 2001). In addition,
the parameters obtained from growth curve functions are
highly heritable and have been used in selection studies
(Merrit, 1974; Mignon-Grasteau et al., 2000).There is a set
of growth curve functions used to determine age-weight
relationship of poultry. The functions have different
properties and different mathematical limitations. The
present study was conducted to determine the effect of
adding different levels of cumin oil in broiler diets as feed
additives on the shape of growth curve in addition to use
linear and some non-linear functions to fit the growth
curve.
INTRODUCTION
It was well known that using antibiotics as promoters had
a substantial role in poultry industry as the growth rate of
broiler chickens has been improved greatly. The World
Health Organization (WHO) has recently identified
antibiotic resistance as a major problem for public health.
For this reason, several studies were conducted to looking
for and evaluate suitable alternatives for antibiotics.
Medicinal plants and their products including plant
extracts or essential oils are adopted as suitable candidates
for use in broiler diets due to their beneficial effects as
phytogenic feed additives (Bolukbasi & Erha, 2007;
Soltan et al., 2008 and Dalkiliç et al., 2009). Such
compounds influence poultry productivity and health
mainly by stabilization of normal gut microflora,
prevention of pathogens colonization (Tekeli et al., 2006)
and digestive enzymes production and activities
improvement (Lee et al., 2004). Many studies have been
conducted to investigate the effect of using herbal plants
as feed additives in broiler diets (Halle et al., 1999;
Osman, 2002; Abbas and Ahmed, 2010; AL-Kassie et al.,
2011; Khan et al., 2012). Herbs contain some complicated
mixtures of organic chemicals that may vary depending
upon many factors related to the growth, production, and
processing of the herbal product (Amal et al., 2013).
Though herbs with antimicrobial properties are reported,
their using in broiler diets has not been studied
extensively. However, little or no work has been done on
the effects of plant extracts on poultry growth curve in
Iraq.
MATERIALS & METHODS
An experiment was carried out at poultry farm in College
of Veterinary Medicine /University of Baghdad. A total of
200day old (Ross 308) chicks were used. The experiment
was lasted long for 35 days. Chicks were randomly
divided into four groups with 50 chicks each and located
as follows: (T0) chicks group freely access feed ad libitum
as a control, the remaining treatments (T1, T2, and T3)
chicks were fed diet with adding cumin oil at 15, 30, and
45%. Nipple drinker and round feeder were used to satisfy
the requirements of chickens. Birds were fed with starter
diet between 0-3 weeks and with growth diet at 4th and
5thweeks, Chemical composition of the basal diet is
presented in Table 1. It is formulated to meet nutrient
requirement of broiler chickens. Barn conditions
(temperature, humidity) were kept similar for each group.
326
2. Profile analysis and growth curve as feed additives of Cuminum cyminum on broiler
TABLE 1: Chemical composition of the basal diet in different periods of the experiment
Ingredients%
Starter
1-21 days
51.0
13.8
1.0
2.5
0.1
0.3
0.1
1.2
100
Finisher
22-35 days
53.3
15.0
2.5
2.5
0.1
0.3
0.1
1.2
100
Yellow corn
Wheat
Soybean oil
Premix*
Methionine
Salt
Lysine
Di-calcium phosphate
Total
Calculated chemical analysis
ME(Kcal/kg)
3000
3086
Crude protein
21.30
19.50
Calcium
0.69
0.52
Available phosphate
0.74
0.69
Methionine
0.33
0.31
Lysine
1.19
1.08
Premix (2.5%) Provided the following (Per Kg of complete diets). Vit A. 367500 IU,133500 IU Vit. D3, 1920 mg Vit.E,
84.42 Vit. K3, 50 mg Vit. B1, 150 mg Vit. B2, 500 mg Vit. B3, 177.5 mg Vit. B6, 0.8 mg Vit. B12, 600 mg Vit. PP, 24.5 mg
folic acid, 27 mg biotin, 5767.5 mg choline, 2667 mg Fe, 333.75 mg Cu, 3334.06 mg Mn , 203 mg Co , 2334.38 mg Zn ,
100.75 mg Ca , 10 mg Se, 65446.46 mg Ph, 36667.5 mg DLMithionine, 200.02mg, Ethoxyquin,50mg, Flavophospholipol,
30g Fish meal, 1800g wheat bran
To fitting growth curves, three nonlinear functions
(Gompertz, Verhulst and WLS) and one linear function
were used to investigate the effect of supplementation of
different levels of cumin oil in diet on the shapes of
growth curves of broiler.
Functions were defined as follows:
Gompertz growth function:
W = A exp [-exp (-b (t-k))]
Verhulst growth function:
W= A / (1 + k * exp (-b * t))
Weighted least square growth function:
W = A/ (1+exp (-b-k*t))
Where, W is the body weight (BW) at the day t; A is the
maximum BW at maturity; b is the rate of growth; k is the
age (days) of the maximum daily BW gain. The analysis
was performed separately for each group.
Analysis of data was submitted by SAS program (2000).
Statistical Analysis
Profile analysis and four functions were used in analyzing
data. Profile analysis was used to determine the magnitude
of both within-subjects (week) and between-subject
(group) main effects and interactions. In this study, ksample profile analysis was adapted to compare body
weight of Ross 308 broiler raised under four different
levels of feed additive. This allowed for the assignment of
a level of statistical significant differences and the shapes
of the centroids of four groups. Profile analysis is a
method of comparison of groups that are experimental
units to the same set of p measurements by examining the
p-1 slopes using multivariate analysis of variance
(MANOVA) between adjacent coordinate values for mean
vectors of the groups. Profile analysis is an extension of
the repeated measurement and special case of MANOVA.
The basic of profile analysis is a sequence comparison
method for finding and aligning distantly related
sequences.
There are some reasons for the superiority of profile
analysis to other methods such as repeated measurements
and growth curve (Morrison, 1995; Mendes et al., 2005;
Ersoy et al., 2006).
RESULTS & DISCUSSION
Test of parallel profiles obtained that the null hypothesis
of parallel profiles is rejected as F= 13.24, Wilk’s Lambda
= 0.038 with p-value = 0.0001(Figure 1).
3000
Weight /gm
2500
2000
Control
1500
1000
15%Cumin
500
30%Cumin
0
45%Cumin
1day week 1 week 2 week 3 week 4 week 5
Age
FIGURE 1: Profiles of weekly body weight of all groups
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3. G.J.B.B., VOL.2 (3) 2013: 326-330
ISSN 2278 – 9103
fifth week, the final body weight of group 4 only has been
differed significantly (P < 0.05) compared with control.
These results are in agreement with those results reported
by several researches who confirmed that the final body
weight increased as a result of adding herbal plants to
broiler diet (William & Losa, 2001; AL-Kassie et al.,
2011; Khan et al., 2012).
Two ways analysis of variance with interaction (ANOVA)
was conducted to test the differences between means of
treatments within each period. Results revealed that the
differences between treatments were significant (P < 0.05).
As shown in table (2) the chicks in group 3 and 4 have
higher body weight at first week as compared with control.
The dominance in body weight of group 3 and 4 was
continued through progress age till the fourth week as in
TABLE 2: Means of weekly and final body weight of groups (control, T1, T2, and T3)
Group
Control
15% cumin
30% cumin
45% cumin
1 day
1 weeks
2 weeks
3 weeks
4 weeks
5 weeks
E
E
D
38.50±0.61a
121.10±7.69b
378.50±24.03b C712.90±25.77b B1370.10±56.51b A2102.00±72.36b
E
E
A
38.20±0.07a
123.90±6.29ab D429.50±21.81a C866.80±41.00a B1503.30±0.01b
2149.40±102.20b
E
E
D
39.60±0.49a
135.40±4.44a
454.00±14.62a C876.10±22.40a B1759.70±51.47a A2315.90±59.58ab
E
E
D
A
39.30±0.55a
128.00±3.05a
436.40±11.43a C833.60±22.43a B1835.30±43.07a
2390.90±68.36a
Means with different subscript small letters in the same column differ significantly (P< 0.05)
Means with different subscript capital letters in the same row differ significantly (P< 0.05)
Results indicated that WLS function was the best function
for describing the shape of growth curves for all
treatments; on the other hand the corresponding values of
MSE for linear function were58463.46, 56293.73,
66808.35, and 82387.68 respectively which mean that
linear regression was the worst function to fit growth
curves as compared with nonlinear functions.
Concerning the fitting growth curves, three nonlinear
functions and one linear function were used. In order to
determine goodness of fit for growth curves, the values of
mean square error (MSE) were taken in our consideration.
The values of MSE of WLS function are 637.11, 1005.53,
926.40 and 802.68 for groups: control, 1, 2 and
3respectively (Table 3, 4, 5, 6) which represent the lowest
values as compared to those values of other functions.
TABLE 3: Parameter estimates and growth characteristics of broiler based on Gompertz, Verhulst and WLS functions and
linear regression in control group
Parameter
A
b
K
MSE
Linear
MSE
Gompertz
Mean±SE
8872.96±3863.08
0.03±0.008
44.39±9.71
15874.22
=-278.12+60.30x
58463.46
Verhulst
Mean±SE
3253.86±396.91
0.13±0.01
54.80±8.15
15952.41
WLS
Mean±SE
2874.82±205.11
-4.17±0.10
0.14±0.007
637.11
TABLE 4: Parameter estimates and growth characteristics of broiler based on Gompertz, Verhulst and WLS functions and
linear regression in 15% cumin oil
Parameter
A
b
K
MSE
Linear
MSE
Gompertz
Mean±SE
4836.03±1285.00
0.05±0.01
31.02±5.14
26578.93
=-267.08+55.42x
56293.73
Verhulst
Mean±SE
2825.30±276.22
0.14±0.01
44.38±9.45
27179.98
WLS
Mean±SE
2555.20±152.39
-4.05±0.13
0.16±0.009
1005.53
TABLE 5: Parameter estimates and growth characteristics of broiler based on Gompertz, Verhulst and WLS functions and
linear regression in 30% cumin oil
Parameter
A
b
K
MSE
Linear
MSE
Gompertz
Mean±SE
3925.41±650.36
0.06±0.01
26.00±2.70
24683.74
=-301.92+68.48x
66808.35
Verhulst
Mean±SE
2676.22±156.10
0.17±0.01
68.26±17.93
25008.37
328
WLS
Mean±SE
2681.24±132.91
-4.22±0.13
0.17±0.008
926.40
4. Profile analysis and growth curve as feed additives of Cuminum cyminum on broiler
TABLE 6: Parameter estimates and growth characteristics of broiler based on Gompertz, Verhulst and WLS functions and
linear regression in 45% cumin oil
Parameter
A
b
K
MSE
Linear
MSE
Gompertz
Mean±SE
4175.40±625.40
0.07±0.01
26.54±2.31
24283.50
=-351.12+72.63x
82387.68
Verhulst
Mean±SE
2809.83±131.94
0.18±0.01
106.12±27.64
19711.90
WLS
Mean±SE
2926.63±140.13
-4.44±0.13
0.17±0.008
802.68
According to MSE values it’s obvious that Gompertz
function has lower values as compared with Verhulst
function and linear regression. In other words it was more
appropriate for describing growth carve in control, group 1
and 2 whereas the situation was in contrast for group 3 as
Verhulst function has lower MSE value. These results are
in accordance with the results of no parallelism in growth
curves, that was noticed previously which means that the
power of functions -except WLS- was not same when the
curves have different shapes also these results confirm
other results reported by Narinc et al. (2010) who found
that Gompertz function was more fit for broiler growth
curve in female and male as compared with Bertalanffy
and logistic functions.
Mignon-Grasteau, S., Piles, M., Varona, L., de
Rochambeau, H., Poivey, J. P., Blasco, A., Beaumont, C.
(2000) Genetic analysis of growth curve parameters for
male and female chickens resulting from selection on
shape of growth curve. J. Anim. Sci. 78: 2515-2524.
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