Giant Panda Communication
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Giant pandas use various forms of communication. They use vocalizations like bleating to signal sexual receptiveness and make over 11 different sounds including barking. Tactile communication involves mothers waking cubs to play. Pandas also use scent marking from their anogenital glands to communicate age, sex, and condition to others by rubbing scent glands on trees and leaving scent in poop and by treading the ground. Chemical communication through scents lasts for three months, allowing pandas to identify others over a wide geographic range in their fragmented habitat.
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The document summarizes information about giant pandas. It discusses their physical characteristics such as weight, fur, and poor vision but strong sense of smell. It also covers their reproduction habits including low reproduction rates and difficulty caring for multiple cubs. Additionally, it examines their metabolism including their bamboo-heavy diet and long eating hours needed to digest it. The document also briefly touches on their homeostasis, heredity, evolution, and interdependence on bamboo as their main food source.
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The document summarizes information about giant panda bears, including their living conditions in zoos and reserves, efforts to prevent their extinction, eating and reproductive habits, and research on their dens and the use of in vitro fertilization. It discusses how pandas live in remote areas of China and how the Wolong Nature Reserve protects 10% of the world's panda population but has become fragmented with human development. It also explains pandas' diet of bamboo, reproduction cycle, and research on den selection that can help conservation efforts.
Giant Panda
Giant pandas are rare bears native to China. They have black and white fur and eat bamboo. Fewer than 2,000 giant pandas remain in the wild, living restricted to bamboo forests in the mountains of central and western China. The main threats to giant pandas are loss of habitat due to farming and development, as well as poaching and predation of cubs by leopards. Giant pandas have a low reproductive rate, with females typically giving birth to only one cub every other year, making it difficult for the population to increase without conservation efforts.
Giant Pandas
The document discusses giant pandas, providing information about their habitat, diet, physical characteristics, population trends, conservation efforts, and natural predators. Giant pandas live mainly in central and western China, eat over 99% bamboo, and are endangered due to habitat loss and poaching. Conservation groups aim to increase panda populations and protected habitats in the wild.
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一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
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3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
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一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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Giant Panda Communication
- 1. Giant Panda Communication Leah Evans & Lillian McEntire University of Central Arkansas Vertebrate Zoology - BIOL 3410
- 2. Giant Panda - Ailuropoda melanoleuca Order: Carnivora Family: Ursidae Geographic range: China - Very fragmented range between 2000-3000m Habitat: Does not build permanent dens, but seek shelter in trees in caves. Also, unlike other bears, it does not hibernate, but descends to lower elevations in the winter months. Diet: Very strict energy budget! If they’re moving, they’re typically foraging. Giant pandas can spend >12 hours feeding per day. Bamboo makes up 99% of the panda’s diet, although only 17% of the energy is extracted from the plant’s leaves and stalks. (Their extra digit on hand aids in tearing the bamboo while foraging.) To protect the digestive tract from it’s nutritional source, their stomach walls are very muscular and gut is covered in mucus to protect from splinters).Other foods besides bamboo giant pandas eat: fruits of plants (like kiwi), small mammals, fish, & insects. http://wwf.panda.org/what_we_do/endangered_species /giant_panda/panda/where_panda_lives_habitat/
- 3. More background... Closest relatives in AR: Grizzly Bear & Black Bear Breeding season: March-May Parental investment: Embryonic development lasts 1.5 months. Altricial young (born blind, helpless, and covered in a thin layer of fur.) Following baby panda birth, mothers will position babies into suckling position. Mothers will play with their cubs, and Sometimes mothers will wake up sleeping infants to play. A cub is typically weaned from mother at 46 weeks and may stay with its mother for up to 18 months. Typical lifespan in the wild: 10-15 years Typical lifespan in captivity: 30-34 years Known predators: humans. Enemies in the past may have included animals like tigers. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/a rticle-2195104/How-pandas-like-pee- tree-doing-handstand-mark- territory.html
- 4. Vocal communication ● When sexually receptive, females will increase vocalization (bleating sound) ● They will also increase scent marking ● Can make up to 11 different sounds ● Bark to intimidate ● Some other sounds: ○ Growling ○ Huffing
- 8. Tactile Communication & Communication through Coat-color Mothers will wake infant giant pandas to play with them. Baby pandas will approach moms to play as well. Pandas are pretty solitary besides mother-cub duos in the wild. Tim Caro, Hannah Walker, Zoe Rossman, Megan Hendrix, Theodore Stankowich (2017). Why is the giant panda black and white? Behavioral Ecology. Published online on 28 February 2017 before print. doi:10.1093/beheco/arx008
- 9. Mom & baby giant pandas playing in captivity
- 11. Chemical Communication ● Anogenital gland releases a substance with aromatic compounds ● These waxy secretions of scent will last 3 months
- 12. “...the male that pees the highest wins…”
- 13. Neighboring pandas checking trees for others’ scents and leaving their own behind by rubbing their heads on the trees Treading the ground & poop also left behind as marking Scent reveals age, sex, & condition of neighboring pandas
- 14. References Tim Caro, Hannah Walker, Zoe Rossman, Megan Hendrix, Theodore Stankowich (2017). Why is the giant panda black and white? Behavioral Ecology. Published online on 28 February 2017 before print. doi:10.1093/beheco/arx008 http://wwf.panda.org/what_we_do/endangered_species/giant_panda/panda/where_panda_lives_habitat/ https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Ailuropoda_melanoleuca/#communication http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2195104/How-pandas-like-pee-tree-doing-handstand-mark-territory.html https://sciencing.com/pandas-communicate-4567356.html https://www.forbes.com/sites/grrlscientist/2017/03/08/why-are-giant-pandas-black-and-white/#11b824f9657e http://www.faculty.ucr.edu/~mmaduro/seminarpdf/Swais_04-chem_comm_chapter.pdf https://www.researchgate.net/publication/223922554_Giant_pandas_discriminate_individual_differences_in_conspecific_scent http://www.faculty.ucr.edu/~mmaduro/seminarpdf/Swais_04-chem_comm_chapter.pdf