Fuga nel mondo della computazione quantistica e di come questo potrebbe cambiare per sempre la nostra società come oggi la conosciamo, vista dagli occhi di uno sviluppatore di codice. Inoltre con il Microsoft Quantum Developer Kit, Visual Studio Code e Q# scriveremo qualche riga di codice per far muovere "virtualmente" i primi Qbit.

1. Welcome to the Quantum Age
A lap around Microsoft Quantum Developer Kit and
Q#
ⅼ Giancarlo Sudano>

2. (FeMoCo)

3. 1 billion years
1 million years
1 thousand years
100 years
10 years
one year
one month
one day
one hour
100 seconds
one second
Complexity
Quantum
Classical
ExecutionTime
(FeMoCo)
Intractable problems

4. Nature computes using quantum
Niels Bohr Albert Einstein by Ehrenfest

5. Addressing classically intractable problems
251959084756578934940271832400483985714292821262
040320277771378360436620207075955562640185258807
844069182906412495150821892985591491761845028084
891200728449926873928072877767359714183472702618
963750149718246911650776133798590957000973304597
488084284017974291006424586918171951187461215151
726546322822168699875491824224336372590851418654
620435767984233871847744479207399342365848238242
811981638150106748104516603773060562016196762561
338441436038339044149526344321901146575444541784
240209246165157233507787077498171257724679629263
863563732899121548314381678998850404453640235273
81951378636564391212010397122822120720357
RSA-2048
Challenge
Problem
Classical
1billion
years
Quantum
10
0
seconds

6. C L A S S C I A L B I T S v s Q U A N T U M B I T S
QUANTUM COMPUTING IS DIFFERENT

7. 01 10

8. 01 10 0110

10. Simulating quantum computers on classical computers
Qubits Memory
203050 16MB16GB16PB
2 qubits – 4 bit strings
Machine
To simulate a quantum program, we can track all possible bit strings.
3 qubits – 8 bit strings

11. 250 qubits … more states than atoms in the visible universe

12. A sequence of operations,
on each bit string.
Conventional Program Quantum Program
00
A sequence of operations,
on all bit strings simultaneously.
IN
00 01 10 11
OUT
00 01 10 11
ex:
IN
OUT
00 01 10 11
00 01 10 11
ex:01 10 11 00 01 10 11

13. Practical sample: Find the card

15. O U R Q U B I T S A R E N O T L I K E O T H E R P E O P L E ’ S Q U B I T S
MICROSOFT’S UNIQUE APPROACH

16. Microsoft’s
unique approach
FULL-STACK ENTERPRISE-GRADE
QUANTUM SYSTEM
THE ONLY SCALABLE QUANTUM TO SOLVE
REAL-WORLD PROBLEMS
QUANTUM READY WITH
MICROSOFT AZURE
SUSTAINED CUSTOMER SUCCESS WITH BOLD
INVESTMENTS AND A GLOBAL QUANTUM TEAM

17. Majorana Fermions
Predicted by Ettore
Majorana in 1937

18. ErrorRate
Number of Qubits
High
Low
All qubits are not created equal
10 100 1000 10000

19. A complete, scalable
quantum system
APPLICATIONS + SW
CRYOGENIC COMPUTER
CONTROL SW
QUANTUM COMPUTER
300K
100
30
10
3
1
0.3
0.1
0.03
0.01K
Helium
Deep
Space
Quantum
Computer -459.65F
-459.65
-459.49
-459.13
-457.87
-454.27
-441.67
-405.67
-279.67
80.33F
Nitrogen
Cryogenic
Computer
Quantum
World
Room temp

21. • Single qubit can be one of an
infinite combinations of |0> and |
1> at one time. This is called
“superposition”.
• An n qubit system requires a
vector of dimension 2n to describe
it. Put another way, n qubits can
store 2n combinations of |0> and
|1> simultaneously.
• We cannot know which
combinations of |0> and |1> are
present in an arbitrary state.
• Observing the qubit
probabilistically collapses it to |0>
or |1>.

22. Information Encoding
Classical Computing
• Bit
• Binary System (0/1)
• Bit Vectors
• Boolean Logic Operations
• Can trivially make exact
copies of arbitrary state
Quantum Computing
• Qubit
• Two Level System ( |0>, |1> )
• Quantum State Vector
• Linear Algebra Operations
• Cloning arbitrary state is not
physically possible

23. Operations
Classical Computing
• 1 bit: NOT
• 2 bit: NAND/NOR
All operations on n bits can be
performed with a finite number
of n-input NAND gates
Quantum Computing
• 1 qubit: H gate + T gate
(Other gate-sets may be more convenient)
• {H, X, Y, Z, S, CNOT} + {T}
A finite number of gate
operations can generate any
arbitrary state to any specified
precision.

24. Microsoft
Quantum Development Kit
Great tools enable the quantum leap
OPTIMIZE YOUR CODE WITH
LOCAL AND AZURE SIMULATORS
BUILD WITH A QUANTUM-
FOCUSED LANGUAGE
LEARN FROM THE EXPERTS
WITH SAMPLES AND LIBS

25. Q#: Language Features
!Familiar Block Style Syntax
!Functional Programming Inspired
!Immutability By Default
!First Class Functions
!Partial Application
!Strong Type System
!Generics
!Quantum Specific Concepts
!Functors (adjoint, controlled)
!Resource Management (allocate, borrow)

26. Applications And Software
Local
Simulator
Azure Simulator Quantum Computer
Classical Runtime Cryo-Control
Quantum Algorithm Libraries
Q# Code
Classical Host Program
Tracer

27. P R O G R A M Q U A N T U M T E L E P O R T A T I O N
QUANTUM “HELLO, WORLD!”

29. Security
Provably secure
communications
Chemistry
Cheap fertilizer
Mitigate global warming
Materials
Lossless power lines
Better batteries
Smart materials
Optimization
Healthcare diagnostics
Traffic reduction
Imagine the quantum future…

31. Optimization
Example:
healthcare diagnostics
Quantum-inspired algorithms
Leverage quantum principles to improve
conventional algorithms
Algorithms that can be implemented and run
on conventional computers

32. Optimization
Example:
healthcare diagnostics
Magnetic Resonance Technologies
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
• Non-invasive way to view inside the entire
body
• Challenges: expensive, slow, false-positives
Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting (MRF)
• Each tissue has a unique “fingerprint”
• More accurate and faster than MRIs, but
could be possible to improve much more
• “optimal” pulses sequence hard to find

33. Learn more
Quantum Katas
aka.ms/quantum-katas
Documentation
docs.microsoft.com/quantum
Open Source Library
github.com/Microsoft/Quantum
Microsoft Quantum Site
microsoft.com/quantum
Social Media
#qsharp • @MsftQuantum

35. Thank you!