Quantum computers use quantum states of subatomic particles like qubits that can exist in multiple states simultaneously. This allows quantum computers to massively parallel process information. Traditional computers are approaching their processing limits while quantum computers can efficiently solve complex problems too difficult for classical computers. However, quantum computers also face challenges in stability and scaling up for widespread use.

1. Quantum Computers
Prepared by
Mitul Mohapatra

2. Quantum Computers
 Quantum computers are computational systems which makes direct
use of quantum states of subatomic particles to manipulate data
 Are different from binary digital electronic computers based on
transistors while this uses “Qu-bits”
 It takes advantage of the strange ability of subatomic particles to
exist in more than one state at any time

3. Why Quantum Computers?
 Humans heavily rely on computers to share
information and store data
 Classical computers use lot of power
 Classical computers makes use of transistors which
are approaching towards atomic measures
 Storing data requires lots of memory and space

4. Terms related to quantum computers
 Qubits
 Quantum superposition
 Quantum entanglement

5. Qubits
 The term “Qubit” was coined by Benjamin Schumacher
 Qubit is a unit of quantum information
 A qubit is a two-state quantum-mechanical system, here the two
states are vertical polarization and horizontal polarization
 The qubit is in a superposition of both states at the same time, a
property that is fundamental to quantum computing

6. Superposition
 Quantum superposition is a fundamental principle of quantum
mechanics
 It states that, any two or more quantum states can be added together
(superposed) and the result will be another valid quantum state; and
conversely, that every quantum state can be represented as a sum of
two or more other distinct states
 Qubits work on the same superposition principle

7. Entanglement
 When pairs or groups of qubits interact in ways such that the
quantum state of each particle cannot be described independently of
the each other
 A close connection makes each of the
qubits react to the change in other state
instantaneously
 One can deduce properties of other qubits no matter how far they
are.

8. Achievements
 Last year, a team of Google and NASA scientists
developed a “D-wave quantum computer” which is
100 million times faster than a conventional
computer
 The IBM Quantum Experience (QX) enables
anyone to easily connect to IBM’s quantum
processor via the IBM Cloud

9. Achievements
D- Wave Quantum Computer

10. Advantages
 Efficient use of power
 Greater computational speeds
 Higher accuracy rates
 Less requirement of space
 Compact design and structure

11. Disadvantages
 Quantum processors are quite unstable
 Moving quantum computing to an industrial scale
is difficult
 Can easily decode classical public/private
algorithms
 Very complex operations