Renewable source of energy

1. BY : SHARANJEET KAUR
ROLL NO : 32
M.Sc (P ) EVS

2. CONTENTS
1. Introduction
2. Geothermal reservoirs
3. Geothermal energy generation
4. How Geothermal works
5. Types of Geothermal energy
6. History
7. Cost, price & challenges
8. Agencies and companies working on it
9. worldwide use of Geothermal energy
10. Geothermal energy in India
11. Can Geothermal run out
12. Advantages
13. Disadvantages
14. Conclusion
15. References

3. Geothermal Energy :
Introduction
 What is geothermal energy ?
 Geothermal energy – energy that comes from
the ground; power extracted from heat stored in
the earth.
 Geo : earth
 Thermal : heat

5. Geothermal Reservoirs
 Reservoirs can be suspected in the areas
where we find :
 Geyser
 Boiling mudpot
 Volcano
 Hot springs

6. Geothermal Reservoirs
(Contd.)
• The rising hot
water & steam is
trapped in
permeable and
porous rocks to
form a
geothermal
reservoirs.
• Reservoirs can
be discovered by
:
 testing the soil.
 analysing
underground
temperature.
Most geothermal activity occurs in an
area called “ RING OF FIRE “.

7. Geothermal Energy Generation
Direct Uses (Non Electrical)
 Heating homes
 Hot springs
 Greenhouse heating
 Industry
 Aquaculture
 Agriculture
Indirect Uses ( Electrical)
 Dry steam
 Wet or Flash steam
 Binary cycle

8. Direct uses

9. How Geothermal works ?
 Earth’s core heat
 Water -> steam -> drive electrical
generators
 Turbines
 Area specific
 Geothermal energy localized

10. Types of Geothermal
Energy
• There are 3 types of power plants :
a) Dry steam power plant
b) Wet steam power plant
c) Binary cycle power plant
• Each uses the heat from underground in some
manner to generate energy.
• Different combinations of water temperatures
create different effects.

11. Dry steam power plant
 Here the steam shoots directly through a
rock catcher &into the turbine.
 First geothermal power plant was a dry
steam power plant.
 Operating at California, Italy and Japan.

12. Flash steam power plant
 Commonly used geothermal power plant.
 Pressure changing system is required.
 Operating at Hawaii, Nevada, Utah, & some
other places.

13. Binary cycle power plant
Does not use steam directly to spin the turbines.
 Only the heat of the underground water is used.
 Vaporised hydrocarbon is used to spin the
turbine.
 This is the worldwide accepted power plant.

14. Geothermal Energy : History
• Used for bathing in Paleolithic times.
• Ancient Romans used it as a central heating system
for bathing and heating homes and floors.
• 1852 : the Geyser’s resort hotel in san fransisco,
CA opened.
• 1892 : America’s first district heating system was
put into place.
• 1962 : A deep geothermal well was used to heat
greenhouses.
• 1904 : A group of Italians first used it as a natural
steam erupting from the earth to power a turbine
generator.
• 1960 : Pacific Gas and Electric has first successful
geothermal electric power plant in US at the

16. Unites States and
Geothermal
• The US is now the world’s largest geothermal
producer.
• Current bills are being processed to give
research towards geothermal projects $500
million.

17. Cost, Price and Challenges
• Direct use of geothermal energy is absolutely cheaper
than other energy sources.
• Cost of electricity generation depends upon certain
factors:
Temperature
Type of resource (steam, liquid, mix)
Available volume of resource
Size and technology of plant
• New geothermal plants currently are generating
electricity from 0.05$ to 0.08$ per kWh in U.S.
• Most of the cost is related to resource exploration and
plant construction.
• Price is declining compared to price of fossil fuels, which is
increasing.
• Geothermal power plants must be located near a
reservoir because it is difficult to transport steam and hot

18. Agencies and Companies
working on Geothermal Energy
AGENCIES COMPANIES
International Energy Agency
(IEA)
Panx Geothermal
European Geothermal
Energy Council (EGEC)
LNJ Bhilwara
Tata Power
Thermax
NTPC
Avin Energy System
Geo Syndicate Power Private
Limited

19. Worldwide use of Geothermal
Energy
• Geothermal production of energy is 3rd highest among
renewable energies. It is behind hydro and biomass, but
before solar and wind.
• Geothermal Power Plants operated in atleast 24 countries
in world & geothermal energy is used directly for heat in
atleast 78 countries.
• Total capacity of these countries is 10.715GW, but 88% of
its is generated in just 7 countries: United States,
Philippines, Mexico, Italy, New Zealand, Iceland &
Turkey.
• Iceland is one of the successful country in using
geothermal energy(approx-25%)

21. Geothermal Energy in India
• Geothermal provinces are estimated to produce 10,600
MW of power.
• Geothermal provinces in India: the Himalayas, Sohana,
West coast, Cambay, Son-Narmada-Tapi , Godavari,
and Mahanadi.
• First operational commercial geothermal power plant is
likely to come up in AP with a capacity of 25 MW by
Geosyndicate Pvt Ltd.
• NTPC signed a Memorandum of understanding with
Chhattisgarh State for Renewable Energy Development.

23. Can Geothermal Energy run
out ??
100% renewable
• Earth’s core is always going to be heated
• As long as there is a way to extract the energy from the
heat, the energy will always be available

24. Advantages of Geothermal
Energy
 Does not produce greenhouse gases.
 Energy source is free and comes from the
earth.
 Power stations are smaller than other power
plants.
 Energy does not run out.
 Conservation of resources.
 No outside fuel source is needed to keep the
power plants running.

25. Disadvantages of Geothermal
Energy
 Not all places in the world have geysers.
 High installation costs.
 Earthquake.
 Transportation.
 Noise.

26. Conclusio
n Overall, geothermal appears to be a sound
solution to energy needs
 Geothermal energy has the ability to expand
 Few environmental effects
 Very cost efficient
 Geothermal is RENEWABLE

27. References
Books :
1) Godfrey, Boyle, Renewable Energy: power for a sustainable future,
Second edition, Indian Edition, Oxford University Press,2004,, pp.
342-381.
2) Tasneem Abbasi & S.A. Abbasi, Renewable Energy Sources:Their
impacts on global warming and pollution, Eastern Economy
Edition, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi,, pp.168-190.
 Sites:
1) http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/global-
warming/geothermal-profile/
2) http://www.eai.in/ref/ae/geo/geo.html
3) http://mnre.gov.in/file-manager/akshay-urja/july-august-2013/EN/14-18.pdf
4) http://www.geothermal.org/what.html
5) http://www.nea.is/geothermal/direct-utilization/
 Images:
1) http://www.britannica.com/science/geothermal-energy
2) http://energy.gov/science-innovation/energy-sources/renewable-
energy/geothermal
3) http://www.nrdc.org/energy/renewables/geothermal.asp

28. THANKYOU