This document provides information on multiple power plants owned and operated by EDC in the Philippines. It lists the name, location, generation capacity and type of several geothermal power plants with a total capacity of 1,199 MW. Technical details are also given for some of the larger power plants, including Upper Mahiao, Malitbog, and Mahanagdong A & B, describing the turbine and generator configurations, steam parameters, cooling systems and other key facilities. Process diagrams illustrate the steam cycles used at these plants.
PHILIPPINE PRE-COLONIAL LITERATURE (incomplete)Miss Ivy
1. Meaning of Literature
2. Epic
3. Myth
** Disclaimer:
All of the pictures and pieces of information on this site are the property of the respective owners. I do not hold any copyright in regards to these pictures and information. These pictures have been collected from different public sources including various websites, considered to be in the public domain. If anyone has any objection to display of any picture, image or information, it may be brought to my notice by sending an email (contact me) & the disputed media will be removed immediately, after verification of the claim.
This document provides an overview of folk literature in the Philippines. It discusses the main classifications and types of folk narratives, including myths, legends, folktales, and folk epics. It also covers folk speech such as proverbs and riddles, as well as folk songs. Different genres of folk literature often use oral traditions to pass down stories, convey lessons, or describe aspects of daily life and culture. Motifs in myths commonly involve transformation or tales of faithful lovers. Legends and folktales aim to entertain as well as teach lessons. Folk epics recount heroic deeds and involve supernatural elements. Proverbs, riddles, and poems are concise forms that reflect local perspectives and traditions. Folk songs encomp
This document discusses characteristics of pre-colonial Philippine literature such as chants, proverbs, songs, and folk narratives that were passed down orally before Spanish colonization. It provides examples of different folk literary genres that depict Philippine culture, including folktales about trickster character Juan and animals, fables featuring cunning monkeys, legends explaining natural phenomena, and creation myths about how people came to be.
The document summarizes the development of Philippine literature from the Spanish colonial period through the American colonial period in the early 20th century. It describes how literature was written in Spanish, Tagalog and other local languages initially, but then transitioned to English as the Americans established English as the primary language of education. It outlines the three periods of Philippine literature in English - the Period of Re-Orientation from 1898-1910 as English was introduced, the Period of Imitation from 1910-1924 as writers imitated American and British styles, and the Period of Self-Discovery and Growth from 1925-1941 as Filipino writers established their own voices in English.
PHILIPPINE PRE-COLONIAL LITERATURE (incomplete)Miss Ivy
1. Meaning of Literature
2. Epic
3. Myth
** Disclaimer:
All of the pictures and pieces of information on this site are the property of the respective owners. I do not hold any copyright in regards to these pictures and information. These pictures have been collected from different public sources including various websites, considered to be in the public domain. If anyone has any objection to display of any picture, image or information, it may be brought to my notice by sending an email (contact me) & the disputed media will be removed immediately, after verification of the claim.
This document provides an overview of folk literature in the Philippines. It discusses the main classifications and types of folk narratives, including myths, legends, folktales, and folk epics. It also covers folk speech such as proverbs and riddles, as well as folk songs. Different genres of folk literature often use oral traditions to pass down stories, convey lessons, or describe aspects of daily life and culture. Motifs in myths commonly involve transformation or tales of faithful lovers. Legends and folktales aim to entertain as well as teach lessons. Folk epics recount heroic deeds and involve supernatural elements. Proverbs, riddles, and poems are concise forms that reflect local perspectives and traditions. Folk songs encomp
This document discusses characteristics of pre-colonial Philippine literature such as chants, proverbs, songs, and folk narratives that were passed down orally before Spanish colonization. It provides examples of different folk literary genres that depict Philippine culture, including folktales about trickster character Juan and animals, fables featuring cunning monkeys, legends explaining natural phenomena, and creation myths about how people came to be.
The document summarizes the development of Philippine literature from the Spanish colonial period through the American colonial period in the early 20th century. It describes how literature was written in Spanish, Tagalog and other local languages initially, but then transitioned to English as the Americans established English as the primary language of education. It outlines the three periods of Philippine literature in English - the Period of Re-Orientation from 1898-1910 as English was introduced, the Period of Imitation from 1910-1924 as writers imitated American and British styles, and the Period of Self-Discovery and Growth from 1925-1941 as Filipino writers established their own voices in English.
The document summarizes Philippine pre-colonial literature from before 1564 up until the Spanish colonization. It discusses how pre-colonial literature was orally transmitted and covered topics of common experience. Forms included riddles, proverbs, songs, poems, narratives, dances and epics. Indigenous culture was preserved through resistance, isolation or using perishable materials. The literature expressed Filipino wisdom and identity prior to colonial influences.
This document summarizes different forms of pre-colonial folk speeches used in the Philippines, including poetry, riddles, proverbs, chants, and sayings. Poetry generally consisted of quatrains with 5-12 syllables per line that were chanted. Riddles used images as metaphors to refer to objects to be guessed. Proverbs and sayings provided rules for good behavior or were used for teasing. Chants were used in witchcraft or enchantments. Overall, these forms of folk speeches served as a way to preserve oral knowledge and literature from the pre-colonial period in the Philippines.
Philippine literature during spanish eraTrisha Dizon
During Spanish colonization of the Philippines from 1565-1898, literature began to flourish. The Spanish initially tried to suppress native oral traditions and promote Catholic teachings, but the native traditions survived. They began translating religious materials to local languages, training natives as translators who then began writing original works in Spanish and their native tongues. Notable early writers in Tagalog included Gaspar Aquino de Belen and Francisco Baltazar. Secular Spanish literature also influenced the development of Tagalog poetic drama and novels. The national hero Jose Rizal furthered development of the Filipino novel form with his works critiquing Spanish colonial rule. Other prominent writers arose who were influenced by Rizal and aimed to promote reform
This document provides an overview of literature from the Ilocos region of the Philippines. It discusses several important figures in Ilocano literature such as Pedro Bucaneg, considered the father of Ilocano literature for writing the epic poem Biag ni Lam-ang. It also mentions Leonora Florentino as the mother of Philippine women's literature and her famous poem "Nalpay na Namnama." Additionally, it summarizes the works of writers Carlos Bulosan and F. Sionil Jose who wrote about the Filipino immigrant experience. It concludes with highlights of cultural festivals, icons, tourist spots, and foods from the Ilocos region.
Pre-Colonial Philippine literature originated from various ethnic groups that inhabited the archipelago. Verses were composed in various forms including octosyllabic, dodecasyllabic, riddles, maxims, epigrams, and were used to entertain, educate, curse or preserve culture. Some common pre-colonial poetic forms included tanaga, ambahan, and ancient metrical tales that told stories about heroes and myths. Folk songs were also an important part of pre-colonial literature and expressed the people's lifestyles through various genres.
Music of the philippines during pre spanish erabibashenry
Pre-Spanish Filipinos had a rich musical culture, with each community having its own indigenous instruments like nose flutes, bamboo mouth organs, brass gongs, and xylophones. Some prominent pre-colonial musical forms included the Pasyon, an epic narrative of Christ's passion and death that was adapted from oral traditions; Tagulaylay, a Bicolano folk song used for mourning; and Balitaw, a Visayan folk song traditionally sung and danced as a form of courtship between men and women. Indigenous music was conservative and played on simple instruments, focusing on religious themes and self-expression through a recitative style.
Literary History of the Philippines (Pre-Colonialism Period)Jessa Irinco Cerbito
The document outlines three periods in the literary history of the Philippines: pre-colonial, colonial, and post-colonial. In the pre-colonial period, early forms included epics, legends, riddles and proverbs which were orally transmitted. Literary works were preserved on materials like bark and bamboo. Common forms included riddles, proverbs, chants, poems and epics which taught lessons and explained natural phenomena. The colonial period saw the introduction of Spanish religious works and the development of a formative language. The post-colonial period marked the rise of nationalist literature after independence.
Review of Related Literature-Thesis GuideRachel Khan
This document provides guidance on conducting a review of related literature. It discusses the purpose of an RRL from the perspectives of the researcher and reader. Key points include helping shape the research, justifying the approach and methods, demonstrating what is new, and providing context for readers. The document offers tips for gathering sources, evaluating online sources, delimiting the scope, outlining approaches, and writing the review. It emphasizes relating all discussed literature to the research topic.
This document provides information about pre-colonial Philippine folk songs. It discusses how traditional Philippine folk music reflects the country's history as a melting pot of cultures. Songs are often classified according to the cultural divisions of the various Philippine languages and regions. Many songs share the same tune across different languages. The document presents lyrics and background for three example folk songs: "Magtanim ay di biro" from the Tagalog tribe of Luzon, "Li-li Tulog Anay" from the Illonggo tribe of the Visayas, and "Bahay Kubo" also from the Tagalog tribe of Luzon.
The document provides a literature review on import products in hardware establishments. It discusses foreign literature on international trade and how trade differs between domestic and international markets. Local literature examines issues like parallel imports in the pharmaceutical industry and import substitution strategies. The theoretical framework discusses the conditionally-free import theory. There are also definitions of key terms like importing problems and ownership knowledge.
Alonzo Saclag is a master of Kalinga dance and music from Lubuagan, Kalinga who has helped preserve his people's culture. He founded the Kalinga Budong Dance Troupe and tours the world with them. He was awarded by the National Commission for Culture and the Arts in 2000. After receiving the award, he established the Awichon Village in Lubuagan to showcase Kalinga culture, including traditional houses, instruments, and performances for visitors. The village helps promote and pass on Kalinga customs to new generations.
During the Spanish colonial period in the Philippines, Spanish colonizers introduced the Roman alphabet and banned the native Alibata script. They also brought European literature and established the first printing presses. This period saw the development of oral literature, religious drama, songs, and poetry in Tagalog as a form of resistance. The American period was characterized by the introduction of free public education in English, which led to the emergence of a new educated class and literature in English, including novels, short stories, poems, and works that imitated American models. Significant works during this time included Banaag at Sikat, the first Tagalog novel, and "How My Brother Leon Brought Home a Wife", one of the earliest short stories in
1. The document provides an outline for a lesson on the universe and the solar system. It includes an introduction to motivate students by relating the vast scale of billions of years to human timescales, and images showing the relative sizes of the solar system, Milky Way galaxy, and observable universe.
2. The instruction section involves a 30 minute lecture covering the structure, composition and age of the universe, the evidence for an expanding universe from redshift measurements, and an explanation of the Big Bang theory.
3. Assessment involves assignment questions and a report/summary to evaluate students' understanding of key topics like the origin and evolution of the universe.
The document discusses Pakistan's energy crisis and hydropower potential. It notes that Pakistan has faced chronic energy shortages for years due to insufficient power generation capacity compared to rising demand. Hydropower accounts for about 31% of Pakistan's current energy mix but there is significant untapped hydropower potential, including from major dam projects, that could help address the energy shortfall if developed. The document provides details on existing and planned hydropower capacity across Pakistan with the most potential located in the provinces of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Gilgit-Baltistan.
I have prepared this presentation based on the report submitted by committee setup by Power ministry of India. This presentation talks about the reasons behind the power blackout that happened on 30th & 31st July 2012.
The document summarizes Philippine pre-colonial literature from before 1564 up until the Spanish colonization. It discusses how pre-colonial literature was orally transmitted and covered topics of common experience. Forms included riddles, proverbs, songs, poems, narratives, dances and epics. Indigenous culture was preserved through resistance, isolation or using perishable materials. The literature expressed Filipino wisdom and identity prior to colonial influences.
This document summarizes different forms of pre-colonial folk speeches used in the Philippines, including poetry, riddles, proverbs, chants, and sayings. Poetry generally consisted of quatrains with 5-12 syllables per line that were chanted. Riddles used images as metaphors to refer to objects to be guessed. Proverbs and sayings provided rules for good behavior or were used for teasing. Chants were used in witchcraft or enchantments. Overall, these forms of folk speeches served as a way to preserve oral knowledge and literature from the pre-colonial period in the Philippines.
Philippine literature during spanish eraTrisha Dizon
During Spanish colonization of the Philippines from 1565-1898, literature began to flourish. The Spanish initially tried to suppress native oral traditions and promote Catholic teachings, but the native traditions survived. They began translating religious materials to local languages, training natives as translators who then began writing original works in Spanish and their native tongues. Notable early writers in Tagalog included Gaspar Aquino de Belen and Francisco Baltazar. Secular Spanish literature also influenced the development of Tagalog poetic drama and novels. The national hero Jose Rizal furthered development of the Filipino novel form with his works critiquing Spanish colonial rule. Other prominent writers arose who were influenced by Rizal and aimed to promote reform
This document provides an overview of literature from the Ilocos region of the Philippines. It discusses several important figures in Ilocano literature such as Pedro Bucaneg, considered the father of Ilocano literature for writing the epic poem Biag ni Lam-ang. It also mentions Leonora Florentino as the mother of Philippine women's literature and her famous poem "Nalpay na Namnama." Additionally, it summarizes the works of writers Carlos Bulosan and F. Sionil Jose who wrote about the Filipino immigrant experience. It concludes with highlights of cultural festivals, icons, tourist spots, and foods from the Ilocos region.
Pre-Colonial Philippine literature originated from various ethnic groups that inhabited the archipelago. Verses were composed in various forms including octosyllabic, dodecasyllabic, riddles, maxims, epigrams, and were used to entertain, educate, curse or preserve culture. Some common pre-colonial poetic forms included tanaga, ambahan, and ancient metrical tales that told stories about heroes and myths. Folk songs were also an important part of pre-colonial literature and expressed the people's lifestyles through various genres.
Music of the philippines during pre spanish erabibashenry
Pre-Spanish Filipinos had a rich musical culture, with each community having its own indigenous instruments like nose flutes, bamboo mouth organs, brass gongs, and xylophones. Some prominent pre-colonial musical forms included the Pasyon, an epic narrative of Christ's passion and death that was adapted from oral traditions; Tagulaylay, a Bicolano folk song used for mourning; and Balitaw, a Visayan folk song traditionally sung and danced as a form of courtship between men and women. Indigenous music was conservative and played on simple instruments, focusing on religious themes and self-expression through a recitative style.
Literary History of the Philippines (Pre-Colonialism Period)Jessa Irinco Cerbito
The document outlines three periods in the literary history of the Philippines: pre-colonial, colonial, and post-colonial. In the pre-colonial period, early forms included epics, legends, riddles and proverbs which were orally transmitted. Literary works were preserved on materials like bark and bamboo. Common forms included riddles, proverbs, chants, poems and epics which taught lessons and explained natural phenomena. The colonial period saw the introduction of Spanish religious works and the development of a formative language. The post-colonial period marked the rise of nationalist literature after independence.
Review of Related Literature-Thesis GuideRachel Khan
This document provides guidance on conducting a review of related literature. It discusses the purpose of an RRL from the perspectives of the researcher and reader. Key points include helping shape the research, justifying the approach and methods, demonstrating what is new, and providing context for readers. The document offers tips for gathering sources, evaluating online sources, delimiting the scope, outlining approaches, and writing the review. It emphasizes relating all discussed literature to the research topic.
This document provides information about pre-colonial Philippine folk songs. It discusses how traditional Philippine folk music reflects the country's history as a melting pot of cultures. Songs are often classified according to the cultural divisions of the various Philippine languages and regions. Many songs share the same tune across different languages. The document presents lyrics and background for three example folk songs: "Magtanim ay di biro" from the Tagalog tribe of Luzon, "Li-li Tulog Anay" from the Illonggo tribe of the Visayas, and "Bahay Kubo" also from the Tagalog tribe of Luzon.
The document provides a literature review on import products in hardware establishments. It discusses foreign literature on international trade and how trade differs between domestic and international markets. Local literature examines issues like parallel imports in the pharmaceutical industry and import substitution strategies. The theoretical framework discusses the conditionally-free import theory. There are also definitions of key terms like importing problems and ownership knowledge.
Alonzo Saclag is a master of Kalinga dance and music from Lubuagan, Kalinga who has helped preserve his people's culture. He founded the Kalinga Budong Dance Troupe and tours the world with them. He was awarded by the National Commission for Culture and the Arts in 2000. After receiving the award, he established the Awichon Village in Lubuagan to showcase Kalinga culture, including traditional houses, instruments, and performances for visitors. The village helps promote and pass on Kalinga customs to new generations.
During the Spanish colonial period in the Philippines, Spanish colonizers introduced the Roman alphabet and banned the native Alibata script. They also brought European literature and established the first printing presses. This period saw the development of oral literature, religious drama, songs, and poetry in Tagalog as a form of resistance. The American period was characterized by the introduction of free public education in English, which led to the emergence of a new educated class and literature in English, including novels, short stories, poems, and works that imitated American models. Significant works during this time included Banaag at Sikat, the first Tagalog novel, and "How My Brother Leon Brought Home a Wife", one of the earliest short stories in
1. The document provides an outline for a lesson on the universe and the solar system. It includes an introduction to motivate students by relating the vast scale of billions of years to human timescales, and images showing the relative sizes of the solar system, Milky Way galaxy, and observable universe.
2. The instruction section involves a 30 minute lecture covering the structure, composition and age of the universe, the evidence for an expanding universe from redshift measurements, and an explanation of the Big Bang theory.
3. Assessment involves assignment questions and a report/summary to evaluate students' understanding of key topics like the origin and evolution of the universe.
The document discusses Pakistan's energy crisis and hydropower potential. It notes that Pakistan has faced chronic energy shortages for years due to insufficient power generation capacity compared to rising demand. Hydropower accounts for about 31% of Pakistan's current energy mix but there is significant untapped hydropower potential, including from major dam projects, that could help address the energy shortfall if developed. The document provides details on existing and planned hydropower capacity across Pakistan with the most potential located in the provinces of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Gilgit-Baltistan.
I have prepared this presentation based on the report submitted by committee setup by Power ministry of India. This presentation talks about the reasons behind the power blackout that happened on 30th & 31st July 2012.
This document summarizes renewable energy plans and activities in the Canary Islands. It outlines the Canary Islands' PECAN energy plan objectives for 2015, which include increasing wind power to 1,025 MW, hydro power to 13.6 MW, solar PV to 160 MW, and solar thermal to 460,000 square meters. It then discusses various renewable energy research and testing activities conducted by the Canary Islands Technology Corporation, including operating wind and solar measurement networks, a solar collectors testing laboratory, a distributed generation laboratory, and projects involving solar cooling, bioclimatic architecture, and electric vehicles. Finally, it outlines proposals for new work on topics like solar thermoelectric power, hydrogen technologies, and integrating renewable energy into insular
Where will CSP plants be built? Incentives, RPS requirements, and Project Eco...Smithers Apex
- American Recovery & Reinvestment Act of 2009: now that the ARRA has expired, what will be the next big driver for the CSP sector?
- Insights into future initiatives that will help stimulate new projects
- Overview and outlook of federal and state tax incentives
Brett Prior, Senior Analyst, GREENTECH MEDIA
The document discusses several key factors for designing an efficient data center. It recommends (1) virtualizing servers and storage to increase utilization, (2) optimizing space, power, and cooling usage to reduce wasted capacity, and (3) rearranging equipment layouts to address fragmentation and maximize available capacity. It also stresses the importance of selecting an appropriate location and tier level of resilience based on the data center's needs. Overall, the document provides guidance on foundational strategies to design an efficient and cost-effective data center.
Alterra Power Corp is a leading renewable energy producer that owns and operates hydro, wind, and geothermal power facilities. The company aims to grow its renewable energy capacity to 1,000 MW by developing its existing 509 MW pipeline of wind, hydro, and geothermal projects. Alterra has a track record of successfully developing large renewable energy projects across technologies and geographies.
Ro-Pax, i.e. roll on/roll off passenger vessels, typically sail short distances from island to island in an archipelago. The operating profiles for the vessels are constantly changing, which sets challenges for energy efficiency and fuel consumption. C&A Electric and Vacon Korea have designed an efficient energy production solution to improve shaft generator usability. This is used on two Ro-Pax vessels built for the Attica Group1, the parent company of Blue Star Ferries.
Development of a high speed hts generator for airborne applicationsVipin Pilanku
The document describes a high-temperature superconducting (HTS) generator developed by GE for the Air Force Research Lab. Some key points:
1) It uses a stationary HTS field excitation coil and solid rotor forging to avoid centrifugal forces on the coil.
2) Cooling is provided by gravity-fed boiling liquid neon from a single cryocooler, with a total heat load of 40W.
3) Testing showed the generator could generate 1.3MW at 10,500rpm, meeting design goals.
The document summarizes information about the Kakrapar Nuclear Power Plant located in Gujarat, India. It consists of two 220 MW pressurized heavy water reactors (KAPS 1 and 2) and plans are underway to construct additional reactors KAPS 3 and 4 with a capacity of 700 MW each. Key details provided include the plant layout, construction details of various components, operating statistics and safety records. Both the advantages and disadvantages of nuclear power are briefly discussed as well as India's current nuclear energy program.
The document discusses Bangladesh's energy crisis and proposes short-term and long-term solutions. In the short-term, it recommends shutting down inefficient fertilizer plants to free up gas for power generation, importing rental power plants and coal, capturing unused private generation, and implementing energy conservation measures. Long-term solutions include accelerating gas exploration, developing coal resources and building large coal power plants, expanding renewable energy and pursuing nuclear power.
The Kota Super Thermal Power Station is a 1240MW coal-based power plant located on the left bank of the Chambal River in Kota, Rajasthan. It was proposed in 1973 and has been developed in five stages with a total of seven units of varying capacities from 110MW to 210MW. The power plant uses electrostatic precipitators and chimneys to control emissions and utilizes fly ash and bottom ash as byproducts. It generates electricity through steam turbines powered by coal-fired boilers.
Rajkumari completed a summer training program at the Narora Atomic Power Station (NAPS) in Uttar Pradesh, India. NAPS uses pressurized heavy water reactors fueled by natural uranium to produce 220 MW of electricity each through nuclear fission reactions. Rajkumari's report describes the key components and systems at NAPS including the reactor, turbine, electrical distribution, and safety systems.
The document provides information about energy usage and renewable energy initiatives at the US Air Force Academy for fiscal year 2012. It details that total facility energy costs were $8.3 million, including $3.9 million for electricity and $2.3 million for natural gas. It also lists several renewable energy and energy efficiency projects implemented over the years, such as ground source heat pumps, photovoltaic panels, and a 6 megawatt solar array. The document concludes with discussing the academy's progress toward its net zero energy installation goal and potential future renewable energy sources to achieve net zero by 2020.
Hydropower Electricity in Lebanon - MoEW 2012Karim Osseiran
The document discusses hydro development possibilities in Lebanon. It reviews the country's current hydro fleet of 282 MW across 5 river systems. Rehabilitating old plants could increase capacity by 92 MW. A master plan identified 32 potential new sites totaling 263-368 MW. 25 of these sites with a minimum selling tariff of under 12 $c/kWh could provide an additional 233-315 MW. 13 potential micro-hydro pilot sites were also identified on existing infrastructure with around 5 MW total capacity.
Tenughat Thermal Power Station (TTPS) is a 420MW power plant located in Jharkhand, India. It requires approximately 7000 metric tons of coal per day supplied by nearby mines. The plant uses a coal handling system to transport coal to two 210MW boiler and turbine units that generate power. Steam produced in the boilers drives turbines connected to generators to produce electricity, which is stepped up and transmitted through a switchyard. The control room monitors and regulates operation of the plant's major components and systems.
Tenughat Thermal Power Station (TTPS) is a 420MW power plant located in Jharkhand, India. It requires approximately 7000 metric tons of coal per day supplied by nearby mines. The plant uses a coal handling system to transport coal to two 210MW boiler and turbine units, which generate power that is stepped up and transmitted via a switchyard. Key components include the coal crushing and conveying system, boilers that convert water to steam, steam turbines that drive generators to produce electricity, and an electrostatic precipitator for reducing emissions. During training, the author learned about plant operations and management.
This document discusses power supply quality in buildings. It covers topics like generation and distribution of electricity, phases of electricity, power factor, power quality issues like harmonics, and electrical load management strategies. Case studies are provided on using capacitors and load scheduling to reduce peak demand and lower electricity costs. Transformers are described as devices that transform voltages efficiently with losses that vary based on loading.
The document provides an overview of geothermal energy development in the Philippines. It discusses the country's legal framework for geothermal energy, including provisions in the 1987 Constitution and Presidential Decree 1442. It outlines key features of the Renewable Energy Act of 2008, which declared renewable energy a priority sector. The document also reviews the country's historical geothermal production and capacity, privatization of state geothermal assets, challenges for the industry, and concludes calling for long-term, transparent policies to foster private sector investment in new technologies.
Indian scenario of super critical power plants issues and challenges by ntpc...Ajay Singhal
This document discusses supercritical power plants in India, including:
1. NTPC operates several supercritical power plants in India with a total installed capacity of 3,300 MW. Their Sipat plant includes 3 x 660 MW supercritical units.
2. Supercritical technology provides benefits like reduced emissions, improved efficiency, and lower fuel costs compared to subcritical plants.
3. Operating supercritical plants presents issues and challenges related to boiler control, chemistry regimes, and performance optimization. NTPC's experience provides lessons for addressing these challenges.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
This document provides information about heat exchanger fundamentals. It discusses the two main types of heat exchanger construction: tube and shell, and plate. It describes parallel flow, counter flow, and cross flow heat exchangers. It differentiates between single-pass and multi-pass heat exchangers as well as regenerative and non-regenerative heat exchangers. The document provides details on how to purchase an online course on heat exchanger fundamentals from PDHengineer.com, including creating an account, purchasing the course, taking the online quiz, and receiving certification.
The document discusses the results of a study on the effects of exercise on memory and thinking abilities in older adults. The study found that regular exercise can help reduce the decline in thinking abilities that often occurs with age. Older adults who exercised regularly performed better on cognitive tests and brain scans showed they had greater activity in important areas for memory and learning compared to less active peers.
This document provides information about heat exchanger fundamentals. It discusses the two main types of heat exchanger construction: tube and shell, and plate. It describes parallel flow, counter flow, and cross flow heat exchangers. It differentiates between single-pass and multi-pass heat exchangers as well as regenerative and non-regenerative heat exchangers. The document explains how to purchase an online course on heat exchanger fundamentals from the website PDHengineer.com.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help boost feelings of calmness, happiness and focus.
The document provides an overview of the course contents for a Power Plant Module. It includes 4 sections: [1] Fundamentals of Thermodynamics covering basics, phases of water, steam properties, thermodynamic laws and cycles; [2] Power Plant Components and applications of thermodynamics; [3] Power Plant Facilities and configurations; [4] Power Plant Operations. Section 1 further outlines topics such as measurable/quantifiable properties, phases of water, steam tables, thermodynamic processes, and cycles like Carnot and Rankine.
Enegy academy power point template-piping-part 2daisydhei
This document discusses piping stress analysis and the various types of stresses pipes experience. It defines normal stresses like longitudinal stress from axial forces and hoop stress from internal pressure. It also defines shear stresses from shear forces and torsional moments. The goal of piping stress analysis is to ensure stresses in pipes and fittings remain below allowable levels to safely withstand design loads. Equations are provided to calculate stresses from different loading conditions.
Discover timeless style with the 2022 Vintage Roman Numerals Men's Ring. Crafted from premium stainless steel, this 6mm wide ring embodies elegance and durability. Perfect as a gift, it seamlessly blends classic Roman numeral detailing with modern sophistication, making it an ideal accessory for any occasion.
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How to Implement a Strategy: Transform Your Strategy with BSC Designer's Comp...Aleksey Savkin
The Strategy Implementation System offers a structured approach to translating stakeholder needs into actionable strategies using high-level and low-level scorecards. It involves stakeholder analysis, strategy decomposition, adoption of strategic frameworks like Balanced Scorecard or OKR, and alignment of goals, initiatives, and KPIs.
Key Components:
- Stakeholder Analysis
- Strategy Decomposition
- Adoption of Business Frameworks
- Goal Setting
- Initiatives and Action Plans
- KPIs and Performance Metrics
- Learning and Adaptation
- Alignment and Cascading of Scorecards
Benefits:
- Systematic strategy formulation and execution.
- Framework flexibility and automation.
- Enhanced alignment and strategic focus across the organization.
How are Lilac French Bulldogs Beauty Charming the World and Capturing Hearts....Lacey Max
“After being the most listed dog breed in the United States for 31
years in a row, the Labrador Retriever has dropped to second place
in the American Kennel Club's annual survey of the country's most
popular canines. The French Bulldog is the new top dog in the
United States as of 2022. The stylish puppy has ascended the
rankings in rapid time despite having health concerns and limited
color choices.”
The APCO Geopolitical Radar - Q3 2024 The Global Operating Environment for Bu...APCO
The Radar reflects input from APCO’s teams located around the world. It distils a host of interconnected events and trends into insights to inform operational and strategic decisions. Issues covered in this edition include:
Understanding User Needs and Satisfying ThemAggregage
https://www.productmanagementtoday.com/frs/26903918/understanding-user-needs-and-satisfying-them
We know we want to create products which our customers find to be valuable. Whether we label it as customer-centric or product-led depends on how long we've been doing product management. There are three challenges we face when doing this. The obvious challenge is figuring out what our users need; the non-obvious challenges are in creating a shared understanding of those needs and in sensing if what we're doing is meeting those needs.
In this webinar, we won't focus on the research methods for discovering user-needs. We will focus on synthesis of the needs we discover, communication and alignment tools, and how we operationalize addressing those needs.
Industry expert Scott Sehlhorst will:
• Introduce a taxonomy for user goals with real world examples
• Present the Onion Diagram, a tool for contextualizing task-level goals
• Illustrate how customer journey maps capture activity-level and task-level goals
• Demonstrate the best approach to selection and prioritization of user-goals to address
• Highlight the crucial benchmarks, observable changes, in ensuring fulfillment of customer needs
3 Simple Steps To Buy Verified Payoneer Account In 2024SEOSMMEARTH
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5. 440 MW Submarine
Cable to Luzon
PANAY C360 MW
Cap (MW) 93 200 MW
Demand (H) 122
Deficit (29) LGPF
C85 MW LEYTE-SAMAR
Cap (MW) 561
Demand 160
Surplus 401
200 MW cap
NNGPF
100 MW cap
C50 MW
CEBU
Cap (MW) 151
NEGROS Demand (H) 402 BOHOL
Cap (MW) 185 Deficit (251) Cap (MW) 6
Demand (H) 184 100 MW
C90 MW Demand 42.3
Surplus 1 Deficit (36.3)
100 MW cap
SNGPF
THE VISAYAS GRID (2008 PEAK)
6. Brief Description
Upper Mahiao Geothermal Power Plant
The power plant has a combined gross
capacity of 131.86 MW and designed to
operate at base load conditions. It
comprises four GCCUs (Geothermal
Combined Cycle Unit) with 31.8 MW
capacity each and one brine Ormat
Energy Converter (OEC) binary unit with
4.6 MW capacity. Each GCCU consists of
one 20.3 MW GE non-condensing steam
turbine that exhausts to three OEC binary
cycle turbines with a rated capacity of 3.8
MW each.
7. Technical Description
Upper Mahiao Geothermal Power Plant
Unit UMPP STG Bottoming OECs Brine OEC
Location Kananga, Leyte
Contracted Capacity MW net 118.5 4 units 12 units 1 unit
Commisioned Date Jun-96
Steam Pressure ksca 11 11
Steam Flow Rate TPH 1019 254.75 1267 TPH Brine
Turbine Capacity MW 20.6 MW x 1 2.5 MW x 2 3 MW x 2
Reaction,
Type
Noncondensing Axial Impulse Axial Impulse
Power Capacity MVA 28.07 MVA x 1 5.625 MVA x 1 6.875 MVA x 1
Station Generator Voltage kV 13.8 13.8 13.8
Facilities Type GE Kato Kato
No. of cells 3x9 21
Air Cooled
Type Crossflow. Induced draft
Condensers
Vacuum ksca 8.43 8.43
Gas Capacity
Extraction Type
9. Brief Description
Malitbog Geothermal Power Plant
The power plant has a combined gross
capacity of 232.5 MW and designed to
operate at base load conditions. It
consists of three 77.5 MW Fuji
conventional steam turbines with direct
contact condensers and uses high
pressure steam (10 kg/cm2) for power
generation.
10. Technical Description
Malitbog Geothermal Power Plant
Unit Malitbog Main Malitbog Bottoming
Location Kananga, Leyte
Contracted Capacity MW net 216 13.35
Commisioned Date July-96 December-97
Steam Pressure ksca 11.0 5.96
Steam Flow Rate TPH 1585.29 109.08
Turbine Capacity MW 77.5 MW x 3 14.56 MW x 1
Reaction, Double Impulse,
Type
flow, Condensing Condensing
Capacity MVA 94.1 MVA x 3 20 MVA x 1
Power
Generator Voltage kV 13.8 13.8
Station
Type Synchonous, brushless, PMG exciter
Facilities
Cooling No. of cells 3x8 3
Tower Type Counterflow. Induced draft
Vacuum mmHg abs 88.9 74.98
Condenser
Type Direct contact Surface type
Gas Capacity 3x50% SJE 1 x 100% SJE
Extraction Type Three stage Two stage
11. Process Diagram - MBPP
Double Flash – Conventional with Bottoming Cycle
12. Brief Description
Mahanagdong A & B Geothermal Power Plant
SITE A
These base load power plants have a
combined gross capacity of 180 MW
consisting of three 60 MW Toshiba
conventional steam turbines with shell-
and-tube type condensers and uses low
pressure steam (5 kg/cm2) for power
generation.
SITE B
13. Technical Description
Mahanagdong A & B Geothermal Power Plant
Unit Mahanagdong Main Mahanagdong Topping
Location Ormoc City, Leyte
varies fr 164.77 to 6.225 MW x 2 + 6.25
Contracted Capacity MW net 152.88 MW x 1
Commisioned Date July-97 September-97
Steam Pressure ksca 5.9 10.96
Steam Flow Rate TPH 1506.173 1227.6
Capacity MW 60 MW x 3 3.175 MW x 2 x 3
Turbine
Impulse-reaction,
Type Double flow,
Condensing Impulse, Backpressure
Capacity MVA 77.7 MVA x 3 8.24 MVA x 3
Power Generator Voltage kV 13.8 13.8
Station Type Synchonous, brushless, PMG exciter
Facilities No. of cells 7 cells x 2, 8 cells x1
Cooling
Counterflow. Induced
Tower
Type draft
Vacuum mmHg abs 65
Condenser
Type Shell and tube
Gas
Capacity 5 x 20% SJE, Hybrid
Extraction
Type Two stage SJE, hybrid
14. Process Diagram - MGAPP
Double Flash – Conventional with Topping Cycle
15. Process Diagram - MGBPP
Single Flash – Conventional with Topping Cycle
16. Brief Description
Leyte Optimization Power Plants
TOPPING PLANT
The Leyte Optimization Power Plant
consists of three topping cycle plants
(Mahanagdong A & B and Tongonan
1) and one bottoming cycle plant
(Malitbog). The topping plants consist
of OEC non-condensing steam
turbines that produce power while
BOTTOMING PLANT
reducing the steam high pressure to
the conditions required by the main
plants. The bottoming plant consists
of a GE conventional steam turbine
and condensing cycle unit that uses
low pressure steam from the “second
flash” of Malitbog brine for power
generation.
17. Technical Description
Leyte Optimization Power Plants
Tongonan - I Mahanagdong Malitbog
Unit Topping Topping Bottoming
Location Kananga, Leyte Ormoc City, Leyte Kananga, Leyte
6.225 MW x 2 +
Contracted Capacity MW net 5.65 MW x 3 6.25 MW x 1 13.35
Commisioned Date September-97 September-97 December-97
Steam Pressure ksca 11.32 10.96 5.96
Steam Flow Rate TPH 1008 1227.6 109.08
Turbine Capacity MW 2.875 MW x 2 x 3 3.175 MW x 2 x 3 14.56 MW x 1
Impulse, Impulse, Impulse,
Type
Backpressure Backpressure Condensing
Capacity MVA 7.7 MVA x 3 8.24 MVA x 3 20 MVA x 1
Power Generator Voltage kV 13.8 13.8 13.8
Station Type Synchonous, brushless
Facilities No. of cells 3
Cooling
Counterflow,
Tower
Type Induced draft
Vacuum mmHg abs 74.98
Condenser
Type Surface type
Gas Capacity 1 x 100% SJE
Extraction Type Two stage
18. Process Diagram – Leyte Optimization
BOTTOMING CYCLE AND MAIN PLANT CONFIGURATION
SEPARATOR VESSEL
MAIN PLANT
2 PH. LINE
TURBINE-GENERATOR
PRODUCTION
WELL
CONDENSER
COOLING TOWER
ROCK MUFFLER
BRINE LINE
FLASH VESSEL BRINE LINE
ROCK
MUFFLER
BOTTOMING PLANT
TURBINE-GENERATOR
STEAM LINE
CONDENSER
COOLING TOWER
RE-INJECTION WELL
RE-INJECTION WELL
19. Process Diagram – Leyte Optimization
TOPPING CYCLE AND MAIN PLANT CONFIGURATION
SEPARATOR VESSEL
TOPPING PLANT
2 PH. LINE ROCK MUFFLER
STEAM TURBINE-GENERATOR
LINE
MAIN PLANT
PRODUCTION
WELL
TURBINE-GENERATOR
SPCV
FLASH VESSEL
BRINE LINE
CONDENSER
COOLING TOWER
BRINE LINE
RE-INJECTION WELL
20. Brief Description
Mindanao Geothermal Power Plant
The Mindanao I and II Geothermal
Plant, a plant with dual-
flow, impulse reaction, condensing
turbine, a wet cooling tower, and
the latter being a double-flash and
with a net generation of 47MW
and 48.25MW, respectively. High
pressure and low pressure steam
are used. Both utilizes Mitsubishi
turbine.
21. Technical Description
Mindanao Geothermal Power Plant
Unit M1GPP M2GPP
Location Kidapawan, North Cotabato
Contracted Capacity MW net 47 48.25
Commisioned Date March-97 June-99
Land Area Hectares 2 1.8
Steam Pressure ksca 7.0 7.0/3.31
Steam Flow Rate TPH 385 343/47.4
Turbine Capacity MW 52.3 50.93
Single Pressure Dual Pressure
Type
Impulse-Reaction, Double flow, Condensing
Capacity MVA 67.8 67.8
Generator Voltage kV 13.8 13.8
Power Station Type Synchonous, brushless, PMG exciter
Facilities No. of cells 5 5
Cooling Tower
Type Counterflow. Induced draft
Vacuum mmHg abs 71.4 73.492
Condenser
Type Spray type, direct contact
2x50% SJE, 1x100% 1x60%/1x40% SJE,
Gas Extraction Capacity LRVP 1x100% LRVP
Two stage steam jet ejector, 3rd stage
Type vacuum pump
22. Brief Description
Northern Negros Geothermal Power Plant
The power plant is located at the western flank of Canlaon
Volcano in the island of Negros Occidental. It is a
conventional geothermal power generating plant, which
utilizes both the high pressure and low pressure geothermal
steam for power generation. The plant has a Gross
Capacity of 49.33 MW. It exports the generated power from
the 138 KV switchyard , via the 138 KV cross-country
Transmission Line and TransCo Bacolod Substation, and
finally into the TransCo power system and PNOC-EDC
customers.
25. Technical Description
Palinpinon Geothermal Power Plant
• Palinpinon Geothermal Power plant I (Pal-I) located
at Barrio Puhagan, Valencia, Negros Oriental is
approximately twenty one (21) kms. south-west of
Dumaguete city. The plant covers an area of 2.7
hectares at an elevation of 696 meters above sea
level.
• Pal-I can generate a total of 112.5 MW from three
(3) 37.5 MW turbine generator units. All equipment
was supplied by Fuji Electric Co. as a full turnkey
project. Commercial operation started in June, July
and September, 1983 for units 1,2 and 3
respectively.
• Palinpinon Geothermal Power plant II (Pal II) is
composed of three (3) modular
plants, Nasuji, Okoy-5 and Sogongon. The modular
plants were constructed in response to the
increasing demand of the Cebu-Negros-Panay
grid. The total capacity is 80 MW from four units.
Commercial operation of Nasuji and Okoy-5 started
in January 31,1994 and December 22, 1994
respectively. Sogongon units 1 and 2 started
commercial operation in February 18, 1995 and
April 5, 1995 respectively.
25
26. Technical Description
Tongonan Geothermal Power Plant
• The Tongonan Geothermal
Power Plant (later renamed
Leyte Geothermal Power
Plant – I by NPC) started
commercial operation in
July, 1983. It has 3 turbine-
generator units with a total
installed capacity of 112.5
MW. Electricity produced is
mainly supplied to the
provinces of Leyte and
Samar. The largest costumer
is the Leyte Industrial
Complex in Isabel.
26
27. Technical Description
BacMan Geothermal Power Plant
• Bac-Man I Power Plant utilizes
geothermal energy from wells drilled
in the geothermal fields of
Manito, Albay and the city of
Sorsogon. The plant consists of two
(2) 55 MW units installed on a single
power station. Units 1 and 2 were
synchronized to the Luzon Grid on
September 10, 1993 and December
12, 1993, respectively.
• Bac-Man II is composed of two (2)
Units (20 MW per unit) modular
generating power plant designed to
utilize geothermal steam supplied by
EDC from wells drilled in Bacon-
Manito Geothermal Field. The
Cawayan Plant (Unit 3) and the
Botong Plant (Unit 4) started
operation in March 15, 1994 and April
27, 1998, respectively.
27
30. VARIOUS ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEMS: Temperatures in
the range of 85 to 170°C are the values at which the binary
system can be designed to operate through the selection of
appropriate working fluid.
Summary of Energy conversion systems.
GEOFLUID ENERGY WORKING COOLING SYSTEM
TEMP. °C CONVERSION FLUID
SYSTEM
100 Basic binary R134a Evaporative condenser
150 Advanced Binary Isobutane Air
200 Binary or Single Isobutane or Air or water
Flash steam
Source: Impact of Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) on the United States in the 21st Century
31. EXAM III
• A 75MW geothermal power plant receives 600 TPH of
steam at full load. For the past year, the plant has
undergone 24-day PMS and incurred an outage of 10
hours for the first half and 4.5 hours for the second half
of the year. Considering that the plant has delivered
550,000,000 kWh of energy, compute for the steam rate
(kg/s / MW) at full load, reliability, and availability and
capacity factors. Assume that there are 365 days in a
year.
31