More Related Content
What's hot
What's hot (20)
Similar to Geology powerpoint earth layers
Similar to Geology powerpoint earth layers (20)
More from NeilfieOrit2
More from NeilfieOrit2 (20)
Recently uploaded
Recently uploaded (20)
Geology powerpoint earth layers
- 2. Three Layers • The Crust • The Mantle • The Core
- 3. The Crust • The surface of Earth. • The thinnest layer. • Made of solid rock. • Contains all the mountains, rocks, water, soil and land features. • Contains the lithosphere, oceanic crust and continental crust. 5 – 25 miles thick
- 4. Lithosphere • Made from the Crust and Upper Mantle. • “Litho” means “stone” in Greek. • This is the layer in which we live because it contains the oceanic and continental crust.
- 6. Oceanic versus Continental Crust • Oceanic Crust: • Below the ocean • Consists of basalt • Very dense • Continental Crust: • Forms and contains the large landmasses • Consists of granite • Less dense 5 – 25 miles thick 3 - 5 miles thick
- 7. The Mantle • Divided into two parts: • Upper mantle • Lower mantle. • Most of the mantle is solid rock. • The lower mantle rock is softer. • It makes up 85% of the Earth’s mass. • Temperatures can reach up to 870 C. 1,800 miles thick
- 8. Asthenosphere • Zone in the Upper Mantle. • Lithosphere floats on top of it. • Consists of hot, plastic rock. • “Asthens” means “weak” in Greek.
- 10. The Core • The Core is Divided into two parts: • Outer Core • Inner Core Inner Core Outer Core
- 11. Outer vs. Inner Core Outer Core – only liquid layer! • Made up of liquid iron and nickel. • This layer creates the Earth’s magnetic field. • Temperatures can reach up to 2,200 C. Inner Core • The center of Earth. • Made up of scorching-hot iron and nickel. This layer stays solid though due to intense pressure. • This layer may also contain oxygen, sulfur and silicon. • Temperatures range between 9,000 C and 13,000 C.
- 12. Evidence How do Scientists know about the interior of the Earth? Two forms of evidence: • Direct evidence from rock samples • Indirect evidence from seismic waves
- 13. Theory of Plate Tectonics Theory of Plate Tectonics • Theory that pieces of lithosphere move around on top of the asthenosphere
- 14. Plate Boundaries • The edges of different pieces of The lithosphere meet at lines called plate boundaries
- 15. So the plates move. Now What? •As the plates move, they produce changes in Earth’s surface, including volcanoes, earthquakes, mountain ranges, and deep- ocean trenches.
- 16. 3 Types of Plate Boundaries Divergent Convergent Transform Divergent Transform
- 17. Divergent boundary - two plates move apart • Magma rises and creates new crust or seafloor Causes: mid- ocean ridges, rift valleys, new crust , volcanoes
- 18. Divergent Boundaries © All Rights Reserved. Diverging Africa
- 20. • Convergent - when two tectonic plates push into one another.
- 21. Convergent Boundaries • Continental vs. Continental • Continental vs. Oceanic • Oceanic vs. Oceanic
- 22. Continental vs. Continental •When two continental crustal plates collide, the continents buckle upward and form mountains. Himalayas- Asia
- 23. Himalayas- Asia
- 24. Oceanic vs. Continental •The oceanic plate slides under the continental plate. •The continental crust crumbles and forms new mountains.
- 25. Oceanic vs. Continental • Ex: Andes mtn in S. America Cascade Mtns. in N. America- Mt. St. Helens
- 26. Oceanic vs. Oceanic •Two oceanic plates collide, one of the oceanic plates slides under the other. •also called a subduction zone
- 27. Transform boundary • When two tectonic plates slide past each other horizontally Produces? Earthquakes
- 29. New Madrid Fault
- 30. How do the plates move? • CONVECTION CURRENTS • Hot material rises while cooler material near the surface sinks • Convection example
- 31. How do the plates move? • CONVECTION CURRENTS • Hot material from deep within the Earth rises while cooler material near the surface sinks
- 34. How do we know? • Sea-floor spreading new ocean floor is created as two lithospheric plates pull away from one another.