The document discusses heat transfer through conduction, convection, and radiation. It explains that convection occurs when heat transfer causes fluid movement within a substance. In Earth's mantle, large convection currents are driven by heat from the core, causing the mantle to circulate. This circulation of the mantle drives the movement of tectonic plates at Earth's surface.

1. CONVECTION AND THE
MANTLE

2. TYPES OF HEAT TRANSFER
• Heat always moves form a
warmer substance to a colder
substance. For example, holding
an ice cube will make your hand
begin to feel cold within a few
seconds. Is the coldness from the
ice moving to your hand? No…
Since cold is the absence of heat,
the heat from your hand is moving
to the ice cube. This is ONE of
the three ways heat is transferred.

3. • There are three types of heat transfer:
radiation, conduction, and convection.

4. Radiation…
• The transfer of heat through space is
called radiation. This takes place with no
direct contact between a heat source and
an object. Example: heat from sunlight,
heat from open fire…

5. Conduction…
• Heat transfer within a
material or between
materials that are
touching is called
conduction. For
example, if a hot spoon
touches your skin, your
skin will feel the heat
transferred from the
spoon. Remember, if it
aint TOUCHIN… it aint
CONDUCTION!

6. Convection…
• Convection is the
heat transfer by the
movement of currents
within a fluid. Heat
transfer by convection
is caused by
difference of
temperature and
density within a fluid.
Density is a measure
of how much mass
there is in a volume of
a substance.

7. • When a liquid or gas is heated, it becomes less
dense. When a liquid or gas is cooled, it
becomes more dense. Less dense liquids and
gases rise above liquids and gases that are
more dense.
(more dense)
(less dense)

8. CONVECTION CURRENTS
• A convection current
is the flow that
transfers heat within a
fluid. Heating and
cooling of the fluid,
changes in the fluid’s
density, and the force
of gravity combine to
set convection
currents in motion.

9. CONVECTION CURRENTS IN
EARTH
• In Earth’s mantle,
large amounts of heat
are transferred by
convection currents.
Heat from the core
and the mantle itself
causes convection
currents in the mantle.

10. • There are also convection currents in the
outer core. These convection currents
cause Earth’s magnetic field.

11. Directions: Read the following statement
below and write the letter of the correct
answer on the space provided.
____1. Which of the following DOES NOT
describe a convection process?
A. the handle of a metal pot is hot while
cooking
B. boiling of macaroni pasta
C. a sea breeze
D. ocean water in the surface is warmer

12. ____2. Which of the following has a faster
movement of molecules?
A. hot materials
B. warm materials
C. cold materials
D. room temperature materials

13. ____3. Which of the following has a lesser
density in a convection cell?
A. warm fluid materials
B. cold fluid materials
C. room temperature fluid materials
D. hot fluid materials

14. ____4. In a convection current, hot materials
move ______________.
A. any direction
B. sideward
C. upward
D. downward

15. ____5. The motion of gas or liquid caused
by differences in temperature is a
_________.
A. tectonic movement
B. plate tectonic
C. convection current
D. magma chamber

16. ____6.Which is not a geologic feature that
occurs in the plate boundaries?
A. mountains C. trenches
B. volcanoes D. subduction

17. ____7. In which part of the innermost layer
of the earth does convection current occur?
A. Inner Core
B. Outer Core
C. Mantle
D. Asthenosphere

18. ____8. Litosphere at
_______________boundary will uplift and
tear apart due to the rising of hot magma.
A. Convergent
B. Divergent
C. Transform Fault
D.Mantle

19. ____9. Older oceanic crust pushes down
towards the ____________at the subduction
zone.
A ridge
B trench
C. Fault
D. Crack

20. ____10. What is the source of heat
generated by the core of the mantle?
A. Gases
B. Decayed radioactive elements
C. Molten Rocks
D. Molten Metals

21. PERFORMANCE TASK
MANTLE
CONVECTION
INFOGRAPHIC

22. Procedures:
1. Make a Mantle Convection Infographic.
An infographic is a visual image that is
designed to represent information and
knowledge in a quick and clear manner.
2. The orientation of the infographic must be
portrait. You may create the infographic with
traditional materials like a pen, colored
paper, and coloring materials.

23. 3. The infographic must include the following
focus questions:
a. What causes convection currents?
b. What causes convection currents in
Earth's mantle?

24. PerformanceEvaluationForm
10-Excellent 8-Good 6-Satisfactory 4-NeedsImprovement
(Pleasechecktheappropriatebox) 10 8 6 4
1. Understandtheprocessofconvection.
2. Explaintheconvectioncurrentintheinthemantlethatdrives the
litospheric platestomove.
3. Showedeffortintheoveralltask.
Comments: Score: