This document discusses how coordinate systems using longitude and latitude can be used to locate places on Earth. Longitude lines run north-south and are used to locate west-east positions. Latitude lines run east-west and locate north-south positions. Key points include the Prime Meridian at 0 degrees longitude, the Equator at 0 degrees latitude, and the poles at 90 degrees latitude. Several activities are provided to practice identifying locations based on their longitude and latitude coordinates.
Waves (Grade 7, Quarter 3) Suggested Guide for DiscussionRachel Espino
A suggested powerpoint presentation guide for discussion for Gr.7 teachers on the characteristics and categories of waves. It also includes a simple quiz (under knowledge category) as an assessment
This is an almost complete instructional material based from MELC in Grade 7 Science.
This is only applicable to the teachers in the Philippines. If you have any questions and wanted to avail the powerpoint you may contact me in my Facebook account: Jady Claire Jackson Lullegao
Sound is produced when a matter vibrates. Sounds consists waves and these waves travel as a longitudinal waves. Sound travels fastest in solids because the particles are closer. The speed of sound depends on the temperature of matter. The higher the temperature, the higher the speed of sound is. The properties of sound are reflection and refraction. In reflection, the sound wave turns back when it hits a barrier. A good example of this are echoes and reverberations. On the other hand, refraction is the bending of sound waves.
Waves (Grade 7, Quarter 3) Suggested Guide for DiscussionRachel Espino
A suggested powerpoint presentation guide for discussion for Gr.7 teachers on the characteristics and categories of waves. It also includes a simple quiz (under knowledge category) as an assessment
This is an almost complete instructional material based from MELC in Grade 7 Science.
This is only applicable to the teachers in the Philippines. If you have any questions and wanted to avail the powerpoint you may contact me in my Facebook account: Jady Claire Jackson Lullegao
Sound is produced when a matter vibrates. Sounds consists waves and these waves travel as a longitudinal waves. Sound travels fastest in solids because the particles are closer. The speed of sound depends on the temperature of matter. The higher the temperature, the higher the speed of sound is. The properties of sound are reflection and refraction. In reflection, the sound wave turns back when it hits a barrier. A good example of this are echoes and reverberations. On the other hand, refraction is the bending of sound waves.
Aerial NAVIGATION and FLIGHT PLANNING.pptxEhtasham Amir
Air navigation for BS aviation
undergraduate programme . This ppt explains basic concepts of air navigation. this is used to teach BS aviation, undergrad
Lines of Latitude and Longitude – PowerPointYaryalitsa
PowerPoint on Lines of Latitude, Lines of Longitude, Climate Zones, Equinoxes, Solstices, The Three Norths, Prime Meridian, International Date Line, Greenwich Mean Time, Coordinated Universal Time.
Lines of Latitude and Longitude – Worksheet at:
http://www.slideshare.net/yaryalitsa/lines-of-latitude-and-longitude-worksheet
Latitudes and longitudes and india size and locationRajesh Kumar
This presentation covers the following topics:
1. Geographic coordinate system, i.e, latitude and longitudes
2. Size and location of India
(because before understanding the size and location our country, Geographic coordinate system, i.e, latitude and longitudes are important)
which enables the students to locate all four hemispheres including
Northern Hemisphere
Southern Hemisphere
Eastern Hemisphere
Western Hemisphere
Students will be able to identify which line divides the earth into the correct hemispheres.
Students will be able to find locations on map using longitude and latitude.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
3. • A coordinate system is a grid
use to identify locations on a
page or screen that is
equivalent to grid location on
the globe. The most common
coordinate system used is by
using longitude and latitude.
4. LONGITUDE
• Lines of longitude or meridians
circle the circle from north to south.
It divides the earth into the west
sections.
The starting point for
longitude is the Prime Meridian.
The Prime Meridian is at longitude
00 (0 degree). To the right of the
Prime Meridian, longitude is written
this way: 150 E, and so on. To the
left of the Prime Meridian, the
longitude is written as 150 W, 300 W,
and so on.
5. LATITUDE
• Lines of latitude or parallels circle
the earth from east to west and
divide the earth into north and
south section.
The starting point for
latitude is the equator. The
equator is at latitude 00 (0
degree).
At the North Pole, the
latitude is 900 N (90 degrees
north). At the South Pole, the
latitudes is 900 S (90 degrees
south).
6.
7. •The equator is also called the
great circle around the Earth that
is equidistant from the
geographic poles and lies in a
plane perpendicular to the Earth's
axis. It divides the Earth halfway
into the Northern and Southern
hemispheres at 0 degrees latitude
and forms the imaginary
reference line.
8. • The starting point
for latitude is the
equator at latitude
0° (0 degree). At
the North Pole, the
latitude is 90°N
(90 degrees north)
and at the South
Pole, the latitude
is 90°S (90 degrees
south).
9. • The lines of latitude are also
known as parallels of latitude.
10. •Tropic of Cancer and the
Tropic of Capricorn. The
part of the world between
these two parallel lines is
called the tropics.
Countries that are in this
zone experience a tropical
climate where the annual
average temperature is
above 18°C.
11. •Arctic Circle and the
Antarctic Circle on the
globe. Between the Tropic of
Cancer and the Arctic Circle
is the northern temperate
zone; between the Tropic of
Capricorn and the Antarctic
Circle is the southern
temperate zone. Countries
in these zones go through
four seasons – winter, spring
summer, and autumn.
12. •The areas within the Arctic
Circle and Antarctic Circle
are called the polar regions
or frigid zones. People who
choose to live in these areas
have to deal with
temperatures that never go
above 10°C. It is cold all
year round and even during
the summer months, it does
not feel like summer at all.
13.
14. To sum up, the closer the latitude is to
the equator, the warmer the climate. The
closer it is to the poles, the colder. Thus,
it is clear that there is a relationship
between the latitude of a place and the
climate it experiences.
15. WHAT’S MORE
Directions: Study the diagram
below. Identify the latitude (in
degrees) and indicate the
position (N-North and S-
South) of the numbered points
on the globe. Complete the
table below and write your
answers on a separate sheet of
paper.
16. Point of the Globe Parallel Latitudes
1 60 N
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 450S
10
17. Point of the Globe Parallel Latitudes
1 60 N
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 450S
10
450N
300N
150N
150N
50N
300S
450S
250S
18. WHAT I CAN DO
• Directions: Locate the
latitude of some areas here
in the Philippines using the
points given below on the
Philippine Map. Write your
answers on a separate
sheet of paper.
22. •Lines which run from north to south are called
longitudes. The longitude which passes through
Greenwich, England is called the prime meridian.
23. • The prime meridian is read as 0º
longitude. The degree increases as
it moves westward or eastward
until it reaches the longitude
opposite to the prime meridian,
the antemeridian (read as 180 º
longitudes). The prime meridian
and antemeridian divide the globe
into its eastern and western
hemispheres. The right side of the
prime meridian is the eastern
hemisphere while the left side is
the western hemisphere.
24. ACTIVITY 1: FINDING THE LONGITUDE
• Directions: Study the diagram
below. Determine the
longitude of the identified
points on the globe by
indicating the number of
degrees the point is from the
prime meridian and its
direction E (east) or W (west)
from the prime meridian.
Complete the table below and
write your answers on a
separate sheet of paper.
25. ACTIVITY 1: FINDING THE LONGITUDE
Point of the Globe Longitudes
1 150 W
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 300E
10
26. Point of the Globe Longitudes
1 150 W
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 300E
10
150W
150E
750W
150W
150E
450W
600W
600E
28. HOW TO PLACES USING LATITUDE AND
LONGITUDE
1. Each latitude and longitude is 15 away from each other. As we go
further away from center, the degree increases.
2. Longitude and latitude are measured in degrees (0) which can be
further be divided in minutes where there are 60 minutes per degrees
and 60 seconds per minute.
3. When writing location’s latitude and longitude, always write the latitude
first.
Example:
35°N 45°E - Iraq 35°N 55°E -
60°N 10°E - Norway 30°S 60°W -
57°N 10°E -
Denmark
Iran
Argentina
33. TIMELINE LOREM
IPSUM DOLOR
2015
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2016
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2017
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2018
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2019
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