Geology
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Rocks form the basis of the Earth's surface and have been present on Earth longer than humans. There are three main types of rocks - sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous - which are distinguished by their formation process. Sedimentary rocks form from compression of soil and sediments and may contain fossils. Metamorphic rocks form from changes to existing rocks through heat, pressure, and chemical activity. Igneous rocks form from cooling lava or magma, and their grain size depends on the cooling rate at their formation site.
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P226 –
1. Igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic
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3. Sedimentary rocks can tell us about the environment they were deposited in, such as depth of water or presence of fossils
5. Metamorphic rocks form when existing rocks are subjected to heat and pressure
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1. Intrusive igneous rocks form when magma cools and solidifies within the earth's crust
2. Extrusive igne
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This document discusses the classification of stones used in building construction. It describes three main classifications: geological, chemical, and structural. Geologically, stones are classified as igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic based on their mode of formation. Chemically, they are classified as siliceous, calcareous, or argillaceous based on their dominant chemical component. Structurally, stones can be massive/unstratified, stratified in distinct layers, or foliated with bands of different composition. Common stones used in construction that are described include granite, limestone, sandstone, and slate.
Red Rock Canyon Essay
- Diamonds form from metamorphic rocks, which are created through the rock cycle process. Without metamorphism occurring in the rock cycle, there would be no diamonds.
- The type of igneous rock formation through volcanic eruptions in the rock cycle can impact how diamonds are created.
- The rock cycle determines where diamonds can be found, as certain areas have the attributes needed for diamonds to form, such as locations of past volcanic activity that may have spat out diamonds.
SHS Earth and Life Quarter 1 Module 2.pdf
The document provides information about a module on minerals, rocks, and exogenic processes for an Earth and Life Science course. It includes details about the module such as the topics covered in each lesson, the learning objectives, and assessment questions. The module is intended to help students understand the three main categories of rocks based on their origin, how minerals and rocks are formed, and exogenic processes like weathering and erosion.
stratigraphy.pptx
Rocks form in three main ways:
1) Igneous rocks form when magma from the Earth's mantle cools and solidifies, either at the surface as lava or below the surface.
2) Sedimentary rocks form from the compaction and cementation of sediments such as sand and shells at the bottoms of seas over millions of years.
3) Metamorphic rocks form from existing igneous and sedimentary rocks that have been altered by extreme heat and pressure within the Earth.
Building Stones.pdf
Stones have been used in construction for thousands of years in buildings all over the world. They are classified geologically based on their mode of formation as igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic rocks. Igneous rocks form from cooling magma, sedimentary rocks form from compressed sediments, and metamorphic rocks form from changes to existing rocks. Stones are also classified chemically based on their dominant composition of silica, calcareous, or argillaceous materials. Structurally, stones can occur as massive unstratified rocks, stratified layered rocks, or foliated banded rocks. Many historical structures were constructed of stone and it remains an important building material.
Building Stones
Stones have been used in construction for thousands of years in buildings all over the world. They are classified geologically based on their mode of formation as igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic rocks. Igneous rocks form from cooling magma, sedimentary rocks form from compressed sediments, and metamorphic rocks form from changes to existing rocks. Stones are also classified chemically based on their dominant composition of silica, calcareous, or argillaceous minerals. Structurally, stones can occur as massive unstratified rocks, stratified layered rocks, or foliated banded rocks. Many historical structures were constructed of stone and it remains an important building material.
Soil science for teachers (massive-the real dirt on soil)
A very large Slide Show on soil. Useful for anyone without formal earth science training who might need to bone up or teach any aspect of soil. It's huge, 159 slides. It could also be split up into several lessons for students.
Geography Chapter 2.4 external forces
Weathering and erosion slowly alter landscapes over time through physical and chemical processes. Weathering breaks rocks into smaller pieces of sediment through mechanical and chemical breakdown without changing the rock's composition. Erosion then transports this weathered material like sediment, forming new landforms as it is deposited by forces such as wind, water, ice or gravity. These gradual changes to the earth's surface through weathering and erosion impact how humans interact with their environment.
Rock and weathering booklet
This document summarizes key concepts about plate tectonics and weathering processes. It discusses how molten material rises at mid-ocean ridges, pushing older rock to the sides and forming new ocean floor through sea floor spreading. It also describes factors that influence the rate and type of weathering like climate, rock type, and vegetation. Weathering breaks down rock through physical or chemical processes. Slopes are influenced by many factors and can be stabilized through techniques like planting vegetation or improving drainage.
Project 1
This document summarizes a field/lab project conducted by Brisa Ramirez. Some key points:
- Rock samples were collected from a hillside near the San Joaquin fault line in California. Samples included quartz, basalt, sandstone and gabbro.
- The location and various rock samples are described in detail. Identification methods included using acid tests and scratch tests.
- Pictures show examples of the San Joaquin fault line, weathering processes like mechanical weathering, mass wasting and erosion.
- Additional pictures depict sedimentary environments like continental and marine, as well as bridges and dams as practical applications of geology.
Rock Cycle
The document discusses the three main types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. It explains that the rock cycle describes how rocks can change between these types depending on conditions. Igneous rocks form from cooling magma, either deep underground forming intrusive igneous rocks or at the surface during volcanic eruptions forming extrusive igneous rocks. Sedimentary rocks form through weathering, erosion, deposition and cementation of sediments. Metamorphic rocks form from existing rocks undergoing heat and pressure, causing them to change form.
exogenic-191201155250.pdf
The document discusses various exogenic (surface) processes including weathering, mass wasting, and soil erosion. It describes three main types of weathering - physical, chemical, and biotic weathering. Physical weathering breaks rocks into smaller pieces through mechanical processes like heating/cooling or frost action without changing the chemical composition. Chemical weathering alters the chemical makeup of rocks through oxidation, carbonation, hydration, or solution. Biotic weathering is caused by living organisms through root growth, burrowing, or human activities. Mass wasting and soil erosion are also exogenic processes that transport weathered material downslope or remove soil faster than replacement through water, wind, ice, or gravity.
Exogenic
The document discusses various exogenic (surface) processes including weathering, mass wasting, and soil erosion. It describes three main types of weathering - physical, chemical, and biotic weathering. Physical weathering breaks rocks into smaller pieces through mechanical processes like heating/cooling or frost action without changing the chemical composition. Chemical weathering alters the chemical makeup of rocks through oxidation, carbonation, hydration, or solution. Biotic weathering is caused by living organisms through root growth, burrowing, or human activities. Mass wasting and soil erosion are also exogenic processes that transport weathered material downslope or remove soil faster than replacement through water, wind, ice, or gravity.
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