The document provides a comprehensive overview of cartography and Geographic Information Systems (GIS), including their definitions, components, processes, and applications. It highlights the importance of spatial data, data management, and visualization in GIS, as well as various technological tools and challenges associated with its implementation. Case studies involving sectors such as oil and gas, telecommunications, and public health illustrate the practical applications of GIS and emerging technologies like big data and AI.

1. Prepared by: Ossama Mohamed ELShanawany
Under Supervision of:
Prof. Dr.Abd El-Fattah Hegazi

2. Agenda Style
01 What is Cartography and Geospatial Data ?
02 Mindmap
03 What is GIS ?
04 GIS History ?
05 What is the idea ?
06 Dimensions Modeling in GIS ?
07 Building information modeling (BIM) ?
08 GIS Components
09 Spatial Data
10GIS Models real word(Raster,Vector)
11GIS Process
12 GIS Benefits
13GIS Challenges ? Data andTech.
14 GIS Functionality
16 Oil and Gas Case
17 Corona virus COVID 19 Case
18 Telecommunication 5G Case
19 esri use Big Data, AI, AR, ML
15 LBS Services and GPS

4. Cartography is the study and practice of making maps. Combining science, aesthetics, and
technique, cartography builds on the premise that reality can be modeled in ways that
communicate spatial information effectively

5. Geographic data and information
Data+ Longitude and Latitude

9. Computer software Hardware Data .
Helping to manipulate, analyze and present information that is
tied Linked to spatial location.

19. generation management
plan design construct operate maintain physical
Building information modeling
(BIM)

20. blending the BIM model into layers of the geospatial
construction materials orientation location

27. Functions and tools needed to Capture Data, Managing
Data, analyze, and display geographic information.
1. Data capture
o Import digital data from a disk, network or database
o Digitizing this Data
2. Data management
o Creation & management of metadata
o Use tool to detect errors
3. Data analysis
o Provides tools for query and retrieve data
4. Data visualization
o Present data in tabular form, over graph/chart and print maps
o Output can be stored in disk or web server, to provides dynamic views of data

28. • Operating System (OS) - WindowsY2K/NT
• Graphic software (CAD, Microstation)
• Database software (dBASE, Oracle)
• Statistical packages (SPSS, SAS, Minitab)
• Word processing (MsWord, Word Perfect)
• Image processing (IDRISI, ER Mapper)
• GIS systems (Arc/Info, ArcView, MapInfo)
• Presentation (Ms PowerPoint, Coral Draw)

32. • Collected in-house.
• Purchased from a commercial data provider.
• Integrate spatial data with other data resources
and use a DBMS.

33. • Spatial
Data related to location represented as POINTS, LINES,
and POLYGONS
Example Coordinate of center of football ground
• Aspatial (Non Spatial)
TABULAR DATA which records characteristics of the geographic
location
Example name of roads ,schools
Example:
A park is a spatial feature the information about the park are non-spatial

35. 1. Location
2. Description
Arab academy, Sheraton Al Matar, El Nozha
3. Post Code A postal code is a series of letters or digits or both .
114
4. Grid reference Grid lines on maps define the coordinate system
151919.1 131518.1
5. longitude and latitude
30.0817° N, 31.0179° E

36. 1. Coordinates Where each feature is located
2. Attributes What each feature represent
3. Topology Relationships among features
4. Geometry Physical shape of the feature
More aboutTopology and Geometry

37. Geometry
• A building Shape.
• county Shape.
• The course of a river.
• the route of a road.
• The landscape Shape.
Topology How Geographical data related to other
• Connected to
• Within
• Adjacent to
• North of . . .

38. Socio Economic Data
• Data about humans
• Educational level
• Human activities
• Age, sex, ethnic and marital status
• Housing (quality, cost)
Dangme West Poor

39. Environmental Data
• Topographic data
• Soils, geology
Sina Egypt

43. Vector Is a data structured, used to store spatial data
Points and Lines
If Draw If Draw If Draw

44. Uses a series of cells to represent locations on the earth

45. Contains levels of Raster and levelsVector

46. Data
Step One
Features
• Buildings
• Road centerlines
• Lamp columns
• Gas pipes
• Electrical Infrastructure
• Road surfaces
Step Two
Geometric shapes
• Point
• Lines
• Polygon
Step Three
On Map
• Feature
• Object
• Entity

48. Collect
Data
• Data Acquisition
• LocationWhat is at ?
• PatternsWhat spatial patterns exist ?
Data
Process
• Pre -processing Data
• Data Management
Analyze
• Processing Data
Result
• Product Generation
• Decision
• Report

53. How to characterize what is missing?
Error, Accuracy, Uncertainty
How to choose the best representation?
Confounding Influences, Sample as much
How to support many data models in a single software package.
Data Gathering and Acquiring Challenges.
Digital Divide?

54. Environmental data on vegetation, land use, topography, rainfall,
temperature
These problems can include:
Data is too specialized or may not be available in this cases
Movement of people – regional and countrywide
Timely data on the movement of people is changed like changing corona static
according to time and location.
Scale of data
The accuracy of a map or dataset is dependent on scale of data you should
collect lot of data to gain accuracy

55. Computer hardware
These problems can include:
Computer Resources
Operation system bugs
GIS software
The main problem with software is the cost.
Training on Who use the software
Training people to use this software and be familiars

57. The Functions of GIS describe the steps that have to be taken to implement a GIS
1. Data Capture.
2. Data Compilation.
3. Data Storage (GIS Data Models).
4. Manipulation.
5. Analysis.

58. The Functions of GIS describe the steps that have to be taken to implement a GIS
1. Data Capture.
Data used in GIS often comes from many sources
• paper maps
• existing digital data sets.
• Remote sensing satellite
• Manual Digitization
Digitization
A conversion process which converts paper maps into numerical digits that can be stored in the computer.
Digitizing simplifies map data into sets of points, lines, or cells that can be stored in the GIS computers

59. The Functions of GIS describe the steps that have to be taken to implement a GIS
2. Data Compilation.
The end results of compilation is a set of digital files, each
accurately representing all of the spatial location and
attribute data contained on the original map.
Spatial Location Attributedata+

60. The Functions of GIS describe the steps that have to be taken to implement a GIS
3. Data Storage (GIS Data Models).
Data storage is based on a Data Model that is used to
convert map data into a digital form.
Data Models Raster andVector

61. The Functions of GIS describe the steps that have to be taken to implement a GIS
4. Manipulation.
Most GIS software packages come with a suite of
options that allow the user to manipulate spatial
data.
This can significantly alter the appearance of
maps, particularly maps of the world, and can
also make it possible to integrate data from
layers that use different projection systems.

62. The Functions of GIS describe the steps that have to be taken to implement a GIS
5. Analysis.
The analysis functions use the spatial and non-spatial
attributes in the database to answer questions about the
real world cases.

65. Apple
Facebook
Alibaba
Google
Etisalat Amazon

66. Location Based Services is a technology that focuses
on providing GIS and spatial information via mobile
and field units.
Global Positioning System (GPS) is a technology that
uses the locations satellites to determine locations on
earth.

73. HSE
Know where people and assets are located
And their real-time status to minimize risk

75. GIS Layers

81. Big Data
IoT
Machine Learning
AI

82. Big Data
Help you plan new networks
and Find new markets

83. IOT and AI
Get spatial analytics for
planning and solutions
Create layers to plan networks
efficiency

84. 2D and 3D Mapping

85. Augmented Reality

86. Are Google Maps a GIS Map?