Malaria is caused by plasmodium parasites and transmitted via mosquito bites. Symptoms include fever, vomiting and organ failure in severe cases. It is diagnosed through blood tests detecting parasites or antigens. Treatment involves antimalarial drugs like chloroquine, primaquine, and artemisinin. Prevention focuses on mosquito control with nets and repellents. The case study describes a 26 year old male patient admitted with malaria symptoms diagnosed as P. vivax malaria through blood tests. He was treated with IV fluids, doxycycline, lariago and discharged with medication and follow up advice.

2.  Malaria is an infectious disease, which is
caused by protozoan parasites of genus
plasmodium.
Causative Organism :
 Plasmodium falciparum
 Plasmodium vivax
 Plasmodium ovale
 Plasmodium malariae

4. The Symptoms of Malaria
Severe malaria
• Seizures
• Respiratory distress
• Anemia
• Organ failure
• Coma
• Death

5.  Microscopic examination of blood
 Antigen detection test
 Patients history & clinical observation

6.  4-Aminoquinolines—
Chloroquine, Amodiaquine
 Aryl-amino alcohols—
Quinine, Mefloquine, Halofantrine
 8-Aminoquinolines—Primaquine
 Antifolate—
Sulfadoxine, Proguanil, Pyrimethamine
 Antibiotics—Tetracycline
 Qinghaosu—Artemisinin (derived from
leeches)
 New drugs—
Atovaquona, Pyronaridine, Benflumetol

7.  Mosquito nets
 Keep your surroundings clean
 Mosquito repellants
 Vaccines for malaria are underdevelopment

8. Case Study

9.  Name – Mr. X
 Age – 26 yrs
 Gender – Male
 Date of admission – 06/10/12
 Date of discharge – 10/10/12

10. Chief complaints
C/O fever, vomiting, back pain, fatigue, head
ache X 3days.
History of present illness
H/O back pain ,headache.
Past Medical History
N/K/C/O DM, HTN, BA,
Personal History
Non-alcoholic, Non-smoker.

11. Physical Examination
 Patient is conscious oriented
 Temp- 104 F Pulse- 90/min
 Bp- 130/90 mm/Hg RR- 20beats/min
Systemic examination
CVS- S1S2+ CNS- NFND
RS- NVBS P/A- Soft

12. Data's Observed Value Normal Value
Hb 12.6 gm/dl(↓) 14-18
RBC 4.4million/cubic
mm(↓)
4.2-5.6
ESR(1 Hour) 25mm/hr(↑) 15-20
Platelet 110cubic mm (↓) 140-450
Pot 3.1meq/l (↓) 3.5-5.5
Bili (T) 1.8 mg/dl(↑) 0.2-1.4
Bili (D) 1.5mg/dl (↑) 0.0-0.4
Bili (ID) 0.3mm/dl Total-Direct

13. OTHER TEST’S
 Dengue test – Negative
 Polymerase chain reaction – Positive
 MP QBC – Positive (P.vivax)
Diagnosis
Malaria

14. Drugs Dose R.O.A Frequency Duration
IV Fluids 2 Days
Cap.
Doxycycline
100mg P/O BD X 5 Days
Tab. Dolo 650mg P/O TDS X 1 Day
Tab. Larigo 600mg P/O OD X 5 Days
Inj. Emeset 4 mg I.V STAT X 2 Days

15. Doxycycline decrease the effect of
amoxicilline by pharmacodynamic
antagonism- Use alternatively
Discharge Advice:
Tab. Larigo (600mg) OD for 14 days
Tab. Dolo (650mg) STAT
Cap. Doxycycline (100mg) BD for 7 Days
Review after 14 Days

16.  Take adequate rest
 Drink plenty of clean water.
 MB QBC Test recommended after 14 days