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Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights of Women in Nepal (SRHR)WOREC Nepal
The purpose of this brief is to highlight the status of sexual and reproductive health rights of women in Nepal, discuss the gaps and challenges in the policies to address the ground realities of women with sexual and reproductive needs and to ensure their rights. As the brief includes the ‘voices’ of grassroot women and stakeholders, it is expected to demand accountability and changes in direction where it is urgently needed and suggest changes or strengthening as necessary at different levels, including the upcoming International Conference on Population and Development. (ICPD)+20.
Adolescent Sexual and Reproduction Health PresentationDeepak TIMSINA
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Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights of Women in Nepal (SRHR)WOREC Nepal
The purpose of this brief is to highlight the status of sexual and reproductive health rights of women in Nepal, discuss the gaps and challenges in the policies to address the ground realities of women with sexual and reproductive needs and to ensure their rights. As the brief includes the ‘voices’ of grassroot women and stakeholders, it is expected to demand accountability and changes in direction where it is urgently needed and suggest changes or strengthening as necessary at different levels, including the upcoming International Conference on Population and Development. (ICPD)+20.
This was a lecture given during the CME activitiy for POGS Region 7 by the Philippine Infectious Disease Society for Obstetrics and Gynecology (PIDSOG) at Casino Espanyol in Cebu City.
This life-cycle approach extends beyond women's reproductive role to encompass women's health at every stage and in every aspect of their lives.
This life-cycle approach extends beyond women's reproductive role to encompass women's health at every stage and in every aspect of their lives.
Accompanied by considerable hormonal changes, the life stages of women are generally divided into infancy, puberty, reproductive age, climacteric period, and elderly years, in addition to pregnancy and delivery that are generally included as the life events unique to women
A Presentation Presented To orient about HIV, AIDS and STIs for Development of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice for Prevention of HIV and STIs for College Students.
Bangladesh Maternal Mortality and Health Care Survey 2016MEASURE Evaluation
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Programs to improve infant and young child nutrition in the context of HIVRENEWAL-IFPRI
Presented at RENEWAL’s Satellite Session "Nutrition Security, Social Protection and HIV: Operationalizing Evidence for Programs in Africa" at the XVIII International AIDS Conference. By Rene Ekpini
This was a lecture given during the CME activitiy for POGS Region 7 by the Philippine Infectious Disease Society for Obstetrics and Gynecology (PIDSOG) at Casino Espanyol in Cebu City.
This life-cycle approach extends beyond women's reproductive role to encompass women's health at every stage and in every aspect of their lives.
This life-cycle approach extends beyond women's reproductive role to encompass women's health at every stage and in every aspect of their lives.
Accompanied by considerable hormonal changes, the life stages of women are generally divided into infancy, puberty, reproductive age, climacteric period, and elderly years, in addition to pregnancy and delivery that are generally included as the life events unique to women
A Presentation Presented To orient about HIV, AIDS and STIs for Development of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice for Prevention of HIV and STIs for College Students.
Bangladesh Maternal Mortality and Health Care Survey 2016MEASURE Evaluation
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Programs to improve infant and young child nutrition in the context of HIVRENEWAL-IFPRI
Presented at RENEWAL’s Satellite Session "Nutrition Security, Social Protection and HIV: Operationalizing Evidence for Programs in Africa" at the XVIII International AIDS Conference. By Rene Ekpini
paediatric Nutrition in kapkatet district hospitalcheruiyot sambu
kapkatet district hospital is one of the best in the country (kenya) and it is situated in kericho county. paediatrict nutrition team is lead by sambu cheruiyot with MSCN, BSCN and BCN.
Integrating nutrition into national HIV policies and programs: experience fro...RENEWAL-IFPRI
Presented at RENEWAL’s Satellite Session "Nutrition Security, Social Protection and HIV: Operationalizing Evidence for Programs in Africa" at the XVIII International AIDS Conference. By Pamela Fergusson
This presentation was on the prevalence of HIV/STDs in youth in a school system. I present research on the topic, relevant data, and suggested solutions.
Global Medical Cures™ | HIV among YOUTH
DISCLAIMER-
Global Medical Cures™ does not offer any medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or recommendations. Only your healthcare provider/physician can offer you information and recommendations for you to decide about your healthcare choices.
Sex, Drugs & Scotland's Health-HPV Vaccine Uptake among eligible GBMSM in the...HIVScotland
Delivered at Sex, Drugs & Scotland's Health Virtual Conference, this presentation was delivered by Dr Jamie Frankis.
More information about the virtual event is available here: http://ow.ly/YntW50GWhJ0
Terri Clark (ActionAIDS), Kate Clark (Philadelphia Corporation for Aging), and Katie Young (Philadelphia Corporation for Aging) presented on HIV and Aging at the January meeting of the Philadelphia Ryan White Part A Planning Council.
Using Everett Rogers' Diffusion of Innovations Theory an intervention for automatic STI screening for adolescents is applied to primary care settings in Baltimore, Maryland.
Ambassador-at-Large Deborah L. Birx, MD is the Coordinator of the US Government Activities to Combat HIV/AIDS. She discusses the importance of the faith community in addressing HIV/AIDS.
We understand the unique challenges pickleball players face and are committed to helping you stay healthy and active. In this presentation, we’ll explore the three most common pickleball injuries and provide strategies for prevention and treatment.
India Clinical Trials Market: Industry Size and Growth Trends [2030] Analyzed...Kumar Satyam
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Growing Prevalence of Lifestyle Diseases
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Global launch of the Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index 2nd wave – alongside...ILC- UK
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Alongside the 77th World Health Assembly in Geneva on 28 May 2024, we launched the second version of our Index, allowing us to track progress and give new insights into what needs to be done to keep populations healthier for longer.
The speakers included:
Professor Orazio Schillaci, Minister of Health, Italy
Dr Hans Groth, Chairman of the Board, World Demographic & Ageing Forum
Professor Ilona Kickbusch, Founder and Chair, Global Health Centre, Geneva Graduate Institute and co-chair, World Health Summit Council
Dr Natasha Azzopardi Muscat, Director, Country Health Policies and Systems Division, World Health Organisation EURO
Dr Marta Lomazzi, Executive Manager, World Federation of Public Health Associations
Dr Shyam Bishen, Head, Centre for Health and Healthcare and Member of the Executive Committee, World Economic Forum
Dr Karin Tegmark Wisell, Director General, Public Health Agency of Sweden
QA Paediatric dentistry department, Hospital Melaka 2020Azreen Aj
QA study - To improve the 6th monthly recall rate post-comprehensive dental treatment under general anaesthesia in paediatric dentistry department, Hospital Melaka
Welcome to Secret Tantric, London’s finest VIP Massage agency. Since we first opened our doors, we have provided the ultimate erotic massage experience to innumerable clients, each one searching for the very best sensual massage in London. We come by this reputation honestly with a dynamic team of the city’s most beautiful masseuses.
Struggling with intense fears that disrupt your life? At Renew Life Hypnosis, we offer specialized hypnosis to overcome fear. Phobias are exaggerated fears, often stemming from past traumas or learned behaviors. Hypnotherapy addresses these deep-seated fears by accessing the subconscious mind, helping you change your reactions to phobic triggers. Our expert therapists guide you into a state of deep relaxation, allowing you to transform your responses and reduce anxiety. Experience increased confidence and freedom from phobias with our personalized approach. Ready to live a fear-free life? Visit us at Renew Life Hypnosis..
Antibiotic Stewardship by Anushri Srivastava.pptxAnushriSrivastav
Stewardship is the act of taking good care of something.
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
WHO launched the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) in 2015 to fill knowledge gaps and inform strategies at all levels.
ACCORDING TO apic.org,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
ACCORDING TO pewtrusts.org,
Antibiotic stewardship refers to efforts in doctors’ offices, hospitals, long term care facilities, and other health care settings to ensure that antibiotics are used only when necessary and appropriate
According to WHO,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a systematic approach to educate and support health care professionals to follow evidence-based guidelines for prescribing and administering antimicrobials
In 1996, John McGowan and Dale Gerding first applied the term antimicrobial stewardship, where they suggested a causal association between antimicrobial agent use and resistance. They also focused on the urgency of large-scale controlled trials of antimicrobial-use regulation employing sophisticated epidemiologic methods, molecular typing, and precise resistance mechanism analysis.
Antimicrobial Stewardship(AMS) refers to the optimal selection, dosing, and duration of antimicrobial treatment resulting in the best clinical outcome with minimal side effects to the patients and minimal impact on subsequent resistance.
According to the 2019 report, in the US, more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur each year, and more than 35000 people die. In addition to this, it also mentioned that 223,900 cases of Clostridoides difficile occurred in 2017, of which 12800 people died. The report did not include viruses or parasites
VISION
Being proactive
Supporting optimal animal and human health
Exploring ways to reduce overall use of antimicrobials
Using the drugs that prevent and treat disease by killing microscopic organisms in a responsible way
GOAL
to prevent the generation and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Doing so will preserve the effectiveness of these drugs in animals and humans for years to come.
being to preserve human and animal health and the effectiveness of antimicrobial medications.
to implement a multidisciplinary approach in assembling a stewardship team to include an infectious disease physician, a clinical pharmacist with infectious diseases training, infection preventionist, and a close collaboration with the staff in the clinical microbiology laboratory
to prevent antimicrobial overuse, misuse and abuse.
to minimize the developme
One of the most developed cities of India, the city of Chennai is the capital of Tamilnadu and many people from different parts of India come here to earn their bread and butter. Being a metropolitan, the city is filled with towering building and beaches but the sad part as with almost every Indian city
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V PREVENTIVE-PEDIATRICS.pdfSachin Sharma
This content provides an overview of preventive pediatrics. It defines preventive pediatrics as preventing disease and promoting children's physical, mental, and social well-being to achieve positive health. It discusses antenatal, postnatal, and social preventive pediatrics. It also covers various child health programs like immunization, breastfeeding, ICDS, and the roles of organizations like WHO, UNICEF, and nurses in preventive pediatrics.
1. Network of Youth Leaders for Health Congress
25 – 27 May 2011
Clark Field, Pampanga
Youth and HIV
Jose Gerard Belimac, MD, MPH
Medical Specialist II
Manager, National AIDS and STI Prevention and Control Program
(NASPCP)
National Center for Disease Prevention and Control (NCDPC)
Pampanga
2. • Young People?
• Youth?
• Children?
• Adolescent?
National AIDS/STI Prevention and Control Program
Infectious Disease Office
3. • Young People 10 – 24 yr old
• Youth 15 – 24 to 30 yr old
• Children below 18yr old
• Adolescent: 10 – 19 yr old
National AIDS/STI Prevention and Control Program
Infectious Disease Office
4. Purpose
- To inform Youth leaders on HIV risks
and vulnerabilities so that leaders can
fully maximise their potential as
agents of change in their communities
National AIDS/STI Prevention and Control Program
Infectious Disease Office
5. Outline of Presentation
• Facts on HIV and AIDS
– Basic information on HIV
– Risks and Vulnerabilities
– Impact of HIV to individuals, families and
communities
• Epidemiology
• Examples of Interventions
National AIDS/STI Prevention and Control Program
Infectious Disease Office
6. HIV primarily weakens/destroys the
Immune System
What is Immune System
is a complex network of cells and
chemicals in our body
protects against foreign organisms
get rid of anything that is an invader
it is coordinated by “helper cells” (also
known as CD4 cells)
if the "coordinator" of the
process(CD4 cell), body open to attack
by opportunistic infections;
CD4 are slowly destroyed by HIV
7. HIV AIDS
• virus that causes AIDS
• A person can look and
feel healthy even if they
have HIV.
• A person with HIV can
pass the virus to
others.
• HIV weakens the body’s
ability to fight infection,
making a person very
sick. This is called AIDS.
• It can take years for a
person infected with HIV
to develop AIDS
It takes 2 to 10 years before a person develops AIDS.
Progression to AIDS can be delayed by HIV treatment
8. HIV can only be acquired from the following
BODY FLUIDS:
Body Fluid Means of Transmission
Semen
(including pre-ejaculate)
Unprotected vaginal/anal sex
(man – woman, man – man)
Blood Transfusion of blood contaminated
with HIV, re-use and sharing of
injecting equipments among drug users
Vaginal Fluid Unprotected sex
(man-woman)
Breastmilk From mother to child (mostly during
delivery and breastfeeding) but this is
greatly reduced now because of
treatment
9. How can HIV infection be avoided?
Abstinence
(most effective)
Be mutually
faithful
Correct and
Consistent use of
Condoms
National AIDS/STI Prevention and Control Program
Infectious Disease Office
10. STI symptoms by Gender
(DOH, 1994)
Reproductive Health
Indicator
At least one
serious RH
problem (as %)
Vaginal / Penile
discharge
(as %)
Painful
urination
(as %)
FEMALE
In-School Youth 15.0 3.1 12.1
Out-of-School Youth 35.2 6.8 19.1
Working Youth 26.0 4.5 17.9
Total Female Youth 24.4 4.7 15.9
MALE
In-School Youth 24.1 1.5 21.3
Out-of-School Youth 22.9 1.9 19.4
Working Youth 25.3 4.5 22.4
Total Male Youth 24.3 4.7 21.4
11. Individual
Vulnerabi-lity
Risk
Structural factors
Population mobility and
migration Conflict
Injecting drug use
•Needle sharing
Social factors
Low literacy
Gender inequalities
Limited work
opportunities
H
I
V
Access to service
Discrimination
Poor Service
Sexual
transmission
•Partner change
•Condom use
•STI cofactors
12. Out of School Youth (OSY) as an HIV
Vulnerable Sectors
- may have completed school, dropped out, or never
started school
- may have jobs or be married, or may be girls who have
been forced to quit school because they need to work in
the home, are pregnant, or have babies.
- work in factories, live on the street, hawk vegetables in
the market, stay at home for housework or child care, or
are unemployed
- Street children, adolescent sex workers, orphans, child soldiers, and
other such groups are generally, but not always, out of school.
13. What are the needs of OSY?
• Same needs as other youth:
– food and shelter
– sense of connection or belonging
– skills in problem-solving and life planning, job or vocational
training
– access to appropriate services
– empowerment to take responsibility for their own lives
– and information on sexual health issues, including contraception
and HIV prevention.
– However, different populations of out-of-school youth have
specific needs defined by their circumstances.
Adapted
14. Estimated OSY in the Philippines
(By source)
Agency Estimated
OSY
Age
Inclusive
Notes
Department of
Health
4.84 million 6-24 2002
World Bank 9.01 million 15-25 2003
Department of
11.6 million 6-24 2006
Education
FLEMMS* 11.64 million No data 2003
15. Vulnerability of Young People to HIV and AIDS
(UNICEF, 2006)
• Knowledge of HIV, AIDS and condom increases with age,
and is high among those with high education and in school
adolescents
• Almost 2 out of 10 youths surveyed are sexually active
• More young people from the major urban cities have
engaged in sex
– Condom use still low among sexually active youth
– Younger youth are likely to use condom the first time, and this
improved slightly with higher number of older youth using
condom in their last sexual episode
16. Vulnerability of Young People to HIV and AIDS
(UNICEF, 2006)
• Attitude
– About 4 of 10 youths and healthworkers
believe that discussing condoms among
youth only promotes promiscuity
– Even among healthworkers, a substantial
17 percent agreed to the statement that
using condom is sign of not trusting one’s
partner.
17. Other vulnerabilities (15 – 24 yr old)
(HAIN OR, 2008)
• OSY rely more on friends especially on issues such as sexuality
• When asked how to prevent STI, ways cited are withdrawal,
choosing the right partner, and taking of medicines/antibiotics
• More males than females mentioned the use of condom as a way
to prevent STI
• 94% are aware of condom but only 45% know that use of
condom during sex can reduce the risk of HIV infection
• Majority are currently in a relationship and had engaged in
sexual intercourse.
National AIDS/STI Prevention and Control Program
Infectious Disease Office
18. Some HIV Risks (15 – 24 yr old)
(HAIN OR, 2008)
• OSYs exhibit a more liberal attitude towards sex, with higher
percentage engaged in almost all types of sexual practices:
multiples sex, unprotected sex, commercial sex, sex with same sex
• A third of sexually active OSY reported they had ever experienced
being forced against their will to have sex, with males having a
slightly higher rate than female (35%,32%)
• Males reported to have had an average of six sexual partners while
women had an average of two.
National AIDS/STI Prevention and Control Program
Infectious Disease Office
21. Impact of HIV/AIDS Effects of HIV/AIDS on
Individuals, Families and Households
• Need for care and support
• Sickness and death
• Psychological losses and burdens related to sickness,
death, decline in well being and increased insecurity
• Loss of the family’s adult members at their most
productive ages
• Reduction in nutrition
• Loss of productivity
• Loss of income, increase in poverty, diversion of
resources
• Increase in dependants
• Orphaning
22. Impact of HIV/AIDS Effects of HIV/AIDS on
Individuals, Families and Households
• Breakup of families
• Increased dependency ratios and pressure on surviving
adults caring for additional family members
• Population shifts due to both mortality and migration
• Increased violence associated with crime and stigma,
increase in discrimination
23. Adults and children estimated to be living with HIV, 2009
Network of Youth Leaders for Health Congress
25 – 27 May 2011
Clark Field, Pampanga
Total: 33.4 million
• Africa:
22 million
• South and South East
Asia:
6 million
• almost 7,000 (PHL)
24. 6,498 reported HIV cases
(January 1984 to March 2011)
Source: Philippine HIV Registry
25. 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
2011
2006 to 2010
2001 to 2005
1996 to 2000
1991 to 1995
1984 to 1990
FEMALE
MALE
HIV/AIDS cases disaggregated by sex
(1984 to 2011)
Source: Philippine HIV Registry
26. Distribution of Male and Female HIV Cases by
Age group (1984 to 2011)
Source: Philippine HIV Registry
Note: Scales are different for males and females
27. Distribution of Male HIV Cases by Age group
(2009 - 2011)
Source: Philippine HIV Registry
28. Distribution of Female HIV Cases by Age group
(2009 - 2011)
Source: Philippine HIV Registry
30. Mode of HIV Transmission Among 15-24yo
(2006 – 2010)
Source: Philippine HIV&AIDS Registry
N A T I O N A L E P I D E M I O L O G Y C E N T E R
31. The General Gameplan
(5th AIDS Medium Term Plan 2011 – 2015)
Vision
The spread of HIV infection is halted in the
Philippines
Goal
By 2016, the country will have prevented the
further spread of HIV infection and reduced the
impact of the disease on individuals, families,
sectors, and communities.
National AIDS/STI Prevention and Control Program
Infectious Disease Office
32. National Young People’s Forum
Committee on Children and HIV –
Council for the Welfare of Children
2009, 2010
33. Generally, some intervention the Youth
can work with are:
1. Cooperation with SK Officials on HIV programmes
2. Promotion of Peer Education Sytem in the Brgy Level
3. Targeted popularization of condoms
4. Promotion of the development and use of
Educational Entertainment for HIV and AIDS
modules
5. Encourage strong Alliance between Organizations
(including Faith – Based Organizations)
National AIDS/STI Prevention and Control Program
Infectious Disease Office
34. Generally, some intervention the Youth
can work with are:
7. Intensify, correct & update Advocacy campaigns
among all in school personnel and students
8. Inclusion of children and young peoples in the
monitoring and evaluation of programmes
9. Ensure that VCT is provided for free in all health
centers; ensure the availability of HIV IEC materials
in every health center
National AIDS/STI Prevention and Control Program
Infectious Disease Office
35. HIV Vulnerabilities thru the Eyes of
Young People
National AIDS/STI Prevention and Control Program
Infectious Disease Office
42. Summer Internship Programme for Young
People on HIV and AIDS
(2010)
Background:
• Very low knowledge of Youth on HIV and AIDS
• Limited manpower of health offices to educate the youth
• Recognised the Power of peers as good source of
information
Project:
• 240 YP trained and hired by DOH to conduct peer
education in their own communities (NCR, Cebu and
Davao)
• Daily visit to communities, supervised by doctors and
counselors from LGU and NGO
National AIDS/STI Prevention and Control Program
Infectious Disease Office
43. Summer Internship Programme for Young
People on HIV and AIDS
(2010)
Outcome:
1. Delivered education to almost 5,000 peers (one – on –
one)
2. Summer interns able to maintain group of peers for
self-help sessions weekly
3. Summer Interns eventually became school – based
advocates and educators and tapped by schools and
communities for HIV advocay and programmes
4. Sense of belongingness, heightened social
consciousness (poverty, independence, responsibility,
accountability)
National AIDS/STI Prevention and Control Program
Infectious Disease Office
44. Young People advocates leading the
observance of AIDS Candlelight
Memorial (Cebu, Summer 2010)
47. Summary
• The youth is at risk to HIV: Very low condom use, Biologically
more susceptible , engaged in partnerships often of limited
duration, face multiple obstacles to utilization of health care
• Behavioral risks of youth to HIV include early sexual initiation, and
failure to take appropriate prevention precaution
• HIV is a highly preventable infection
• Structures and systems are continuesly built to engage and
empower youth to be partners of HIV advocacies
• There is life after HIV infection, treatment is available, although
there is no cure yet
• Due to stigma and discrimination, HIV impact to person, family and
community is much broader
48. Challenges
• Socio-cultural resistance to behaviour change;
• Lack of knowledge about one’s HIV status (personal
denial, stigma, and poor geographical accessibility of
counseling and testing services)
• Geographic obstacles to accessing comprehensive care
• Lack of access to basic services due to poverty
• Stigma and discrimination
• Weak structures that enables delivery of HIV services
49. Believe in the Power of You.
Be responsible.
Stop HIV transmission.
National AIDS/STI Prevention and Control Program
Infectious Disease Office
Disease, weakness and inability to work, Unemployment and loss of income, High cost of treatment and care, Financial stress in the family leading to poor nutrition, discontinued schooling for children, Death, Orphans, child labour, Social stigma, discrimination, violence
11 have not answered the question regarding their gender.
The first 2 reported cases in 1984 were both males. From 1985 til 1990s, HIV cases were predominantly women. However, there has been a shift from female new cases to Male new HIV cases.