Patterns of racial and ethnic relations refer to the regular ways in which dominant groups treat subordinate groups. These patterns include internal colonialism, where non-white indigenous groups in colonized countries are controlled and exploited by white immigrant groups after independence, rather than whites from the colonizing country. Internal colonialism is created through population transfer or expulsion and results in slavery, segregation, discrimination, prejudice, violence, and intergenerational inequalities. It also leads to a split labor market with a primary market for the dominant group and a secondary market for minorities, dividing the working class along racial lines and compounding income and wealth inequality.

1. Patterns of Racial &
Ethnic Relations
Professor Christine Monnier

2. What are patterns of racial & ethnic relations?
Regular ways in which the dominant group treats the subordinate group(s):

3. Internal Colonialism
PATTERNS OF RACIAL / ETHNIC RELATIONS

4. Colonialism
Colonialism / External colonialism /
Imperialism
Colonizer  colonized
Politics / Economy / Culture / Religion
Slavery / Racial oppression / Predatory
extraction

5. Colonialism
King Leopold’s Ghost, Adam Hochschild

6. Internal Colonialism
The control and exploitation of non-white,
indigenous groups in the colonized country
passes from whites in the home country to
white immigrant groups.
United States
South American countries
South Africa and other post-colonial African
countries
Haiti / Caribbean islands
The end of colonialism ≠ end of racism and
exploitation

7. Internal Colonialism
Created by population transfer / expulsion
Results in:
 Slavery
 Segregation
 Discrimination (individual / institutional)
 Prejudice and stereotypes
 Violence (structural and interpersonal)
 Inequalities over generations even after the
main mechanisms of colonialism have legally
been eliminated

8. Split Labor-Market Theory
One of the consequences of internal
colonialism and segregation.
Class superimposed on racial
categories:
 Primary labor market for dominant
group
 Secondary labor market for
minorities
A means of dividing the working
class along racial lines.
Compounds income / wealth
inequality along racial lines.