Variant response by different drugs to HCV/HBS due to genetically variance.

1. By Babar Ali

2.  A genotype is an individual's collection of
genes. The term also can refer to the two
alleles inherited for a particular gene. The
genotype is expressed when the information
encoded in the genes' DNA is used to make
protein and RNA molecules. The expression
of the genotype contributes to the
individual's observable traits, called the
phenotype.

3.  Currently hepatitis B viruses (HBV) has been
designated eight genotype (A-H) based on
genome sequence divergen.
 The epidimology of HBV genotype, thier
implication on natural history and their response
to antiviral therapy have become increasingly
recognized in both Asian and wastern countries.

4. Estimation of HBV
Genotype Subtype Distribution
A Europe,USA,ASIA
Aa India,Nepal,Japan
Ac Cameroon
Ae China,Indonesia,USA
B Germaony,France,USA
Ba China,Taiwan
Bj Japan
C Japan.Korea,China
Ce East Asia,China
Cs Southeast Asia,Bangladesh
D Turky,Iran,Brazil,India
E West Africa
F Central andsouth
America,Brazil
G Germony,France
H Central andsouth
America,B

7.  The veriance in genotype of HCV is
approximately 1/3 between the different
genotype.
 There are seven major group or genotype
numbered 1-7 of HCV ,although some expert
belive that there are may be as many 11
genotype.

8.  HCV constantly changes and mutate as the
replicate more than 1 trillion HCV virion
replicate each day .
 During replication process the hepatitis C
virus will make “bad” copies or error in
genetic make up of the newly replicated virus.

9.  This variability
(genotype,subtype,quarspecies) of hepatitis C
has made it different to treat and develope
vaccine.

10. HCV Distribution
1,2,3 World wide
4 Middle East,Africa
5 South Africa
6,7 Southeast Asia

11.  HCV genotype information is important because of
the role it plays in HCV medical treatment.
 The treatment duration, dose of ribavirin and
whether an HCV protease inhibitor will be added to
pegylated interferon and ribavirin therapy are also
affected by genotype.

13. Presented to: Mr.Aman Ullah (Microbiology)
Presented by: Babar Ali
Discipline: Cardiac Perfusion