This document contains definitions of key genetics terms including: - Traits: characteristics that can be passed from parents to offspring through genes - Mutations: changes in genes or chromosomes - Alleles: different forms of genes - Gregor Mendel: the father of genetics - Meiosis: the process where chromosomes are reduced by half to form sex cells

1. Science Explorer
Ch.3
notecards

2. The characteristic that an organism can pass on
to its offspring through its genes.
Traits

3. The change in a gene or chromosome is called?
Mutations

4. The likelihood that a particular event will occur.
Probability

5. Different forms of genes are called?
Alleles

6. Copies the coded message from DNA.
Messenger RNA

7. Organism that has two different alleles.
Hybrid

8. Father of Genetics.
Gregor Mendel

9. When you cross two hybrids together, what is
the ratio (dominant to recessive).
3:1

10. Building blocks of protein.
Amino Acid

11. The process by which the number of chromosomes is
reduced by half to form sex cells.
Meiosis

12. When both alleles are neither dominant nor
recessive compared to each other.
Codominant

13. The law of ________ predicts what will likely
occur, not necessarily what will occur.
Probability

14. Organism that has two identical alleles for a
trait.
Homozygous

15. Homozygous crossed with heterozygous.
T T
T
t

16. Homozygous crossed with heterozygous.
T T
T TT TT
t Tt Tt

17. Rr crossed with rr
R r
r
r

18. Rr crossed with rr
R r
r Rr rr
r Rr rr

19. Tt crossed with Tt
T t
T TT Tt
t Tt tt

20. Tt crossed with Tt
T t
T
t

21. Heterozygous white dog crossed with a
homozygous black dog.

22. Heterozygous white dog crossed with a
homozygous black dog. (Co-Dominance)