This document discusses various physical methods for waste disposal, including crushing, compaction, recovery, sedimentation, flotation, and landfilling. It notes that physical treatment processes are often simple and low-cost, and the choice of method depends on the physical form and characteristics of the waste. Specific processes like crushing, compaction, and recovery are used to break up, compress, and separate recyclable materials from waste.

1. PHYSICAL METHOD OF WASTE DISPOSAL
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Mujahid Hussain (M.Phil Botany) Department of
Botany, University of Sargodha
(mujahid.hussain7877@gmail.com)

2. 17-06-2017 2
Mujahid Hussain (M.Phil Botany) Department of
Botany, University of Sargodha
(mujahid.hussain7877@gmail.com)

3. Waste are generated during the extraction of raw materials, the processing
of raw materials into intermediate and final products, the consumption of
final products, or other human activities.
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Mujahid Hussain (M.Phil Botany) Department of
Botany, University of Sargodha
(mujahid.hussain7877@gmail.com)

4. Mujahid
Hussain
(M.Phil
Botany)
Department
of Botany,
University of
Sargodha
(mujahid.hus
sain7877@g
mail.com)
• Many different physical treatment processes are simple
and low-cost.
•
• Choice depends on physical form of waste and its
characteristics
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5. 7. Sedimentation
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Mujahid Hussain (M.Phil Botany) Department of
Botany, University of Sargodha
(mujahid.hussain7877@gmail.com)

6. a)Crushing: divide, mix and homogenize the waste.
b) Compaction: Reduction of spaces, that is compression of
waste at low cost.
c) Recovery: Separation of materials that could be recycled.
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Mujahid Hussain (M.Phil Botany) Department of
Botany, University of Sargodha
(mujahid.hussain7877@gmail.com)

7. It is defined as the combination of temperature and
time required to eliminate wastes products.
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Mujahid Hussain (M.Phil Botany) Department of
Botany, University of Sargodha
(mujahid.hussain7877@gmail.com)

8. 1. Thermal energy is produced that can be reuse.
2. Cost effective.
3. Easy mechanism.
1. Huge production of Carbon-di-oxide (CO2) in the atmosphere. Apart from
CO2, other harmful gases like NOx and SOx are also generated lead to
Acid Rain.
2. Exhausted gases harms outside environment badly.
3. Low overall efficiency.
4. It is responsible for raise in sea water level.
5. A large quantity of ash is produced as well as dust that lead to a high
particulate matter in the surrounding areas.
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Mujahid Hussain (M.Phil Botany) Department of
Botany, University of Sargodha
(mujahid.hussain7877@gmail.com)

9. 17-06-2017 9
Mujahid Hussain (M.Phil Botany) Department of
Botany, University of Sargodha
(mujahid.hussain7877@gmail.com)

10. Fusing point of ash is the temperature at which the ash
resulting from the burning of waste will form a solid (clinker)
by fusion and agglomeration (The act of collecting in a mass).
Typical required temperatures are: 1000 - 1200 °C
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Mujahid Hussain (M.Phil Botany) Department of
Botany, University of Sargodha
(mujahid.hussain7877@gmail.com)

11. 17-06-2017 11
Mujahid Hussain (M.Phil Botany) Department of
Botany, University of Sargodha
(mujahid.hussain7877@gmail.com)

12. :-
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Mujahid Hussain (M.Phil Botany) Department of
Botany, University of Sargodha
(mujahid.hussain7877@gmail.com)

13. 17-06-2017 13
Mujahid Hussain (M.Phil Botany) Department of
Botany, University of Sargodha
(mujahid.hussain7877@gmail.com)

14. 17-06-2017 14
Mujahid Hussain (M.Phil Botany) Department of
Botany, University of Sargodha
(mujahid.hussain7877@gmail.com)

15. Sedimentation is the separation of undissolved substances from
water, by gravitational settling, of suspended particles that are
heavier than water.
Sedimentation is used for separation of;
 Particulate matter in water
 Separation of biological-floc (A small loosely aggregated mass) in the sludge
 Separation of chemical-floc in the sludge.
 It is also used for solids concentration in sludge thickeners.
Sedimentation basins are constructed in a variety of shapes and sizes, circular tanks or
rectangular tanks.
:
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Mujahid Hussain (M.Phil Botany) Department of
Botany, University of Sargodha
(mujahid.hussain7877@gmail.com)

16.  Separation is brought by introducing fine gas (usually air bubbles) into the
liquid phase.
 The bubbles attach to the particulate matter, and the buoyant force of the
combined particle and gas bubble is great enough to cause the particle to rise
to the surface to form a scum blanket, which is removed by a skimming
mechanism.
Principal advantage of flotation over sedimentation is that very small or light
particles that settle slowly can be removed more completely and in a shorter
time.
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Mujahid Hussain (M.Phil Botany) Department of
Botany, University of Sargodha
(mujahid.hussain7877@gmail.com)

17. 1. Air Flotation
In this system, air bubbles
are formed by introducing
the gas phase directly into
the liquid phase
2. Vacuum Flotation
This process consists of
saturating the wastewater
with air either directly in an
aeration tank.
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Mujahid Hussain (M.Phil Botany) Department of
Botany, University of Sargodha
(mujahid.hussain7877@gmail.com)

18.  It is the most traditional method of waste disposal.
 Disposed waste is compacted and covered with soil gases generated
by the decomposing waste materials are often burnt to generate power.
 It is generally used for domestic waste.
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Mujahid Hussain (M.Phil Botany) Department of
Botany, University of Sargodha
(mujahid.hussain7877@gmail.com)

19. ADVANTAGES
 Landfill site is a cheap waste disposal option for the local council.
 Lots of different types of waste can be disposed of by landfill in comparison
to other waste disposal methods.
 The gases given off by the landfill site could be collected and used for
generating power.
DISADVANTAGES
 The site will look ugly while it is being used for landfill.
 Dangerous gases are given off from landfill sites that cause local air pollution
and contribute to global warming.
 Local streams could become polluted with toxins seeping through the ground
from the landfill site.
 Once the site has been filled it might not be able to be used for
redevelopment as it might be too polluted.
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Mujahid Hussain (M.Phil Botany) Department of
Botany, University of Sargodha
(mujahid.hussain7877@gmail.com)

20. :
In this method the waste is compacted or compressed by external
pressure.
It also breaks up large or fragile items of waste.
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Mujahid Hussain (M.Phil Botany) Department of
Botany, University of Sargodha
(mujahid.hussain7877@gmail.com)

21.  Mostly used in rural areas
 Digging “manure pits” is to prevent the refuses thrown around the houses.
 The garbage, cattle dung, straw, and leaves should be dumped into the
manure pits and covered with earth.
 In 5-6 month’s time the refuse is converted into manure which can be
returned to the field.
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Mujahid Hussain (M.Phil Botany) Department of
Botany, University of Sargodha
(mujahid.hussain7877@gmail.com)

22.  Suitable for small camp
 A trench 1.5m wide & 2 m deep is excavated (Recover
through digging)
 The refuse is covered with 20 -30cm of earth
 When the level in the trench is 40cm from ground level, the
trench is filled with earth & compacted
 4-6 months duration required.
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Mujahid Hussain (M.Phil Botany) Department of
Botany, University of Sargodha
(mujahid.hussain7877@gmail.com)

23. It is the practice of transfer of waste (household waste, industrial, nuclear
waste, etc.) from one place to another place.
These waste are divided into three separate lists on the basis of
toxicity:
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Mujahid Hussain (M.Phil Botany) Department of
Botany, University of Sargodha
(mujahid.hussain7877@gmail.com)