K-12 Curriculum Senior High School General Biology 1 STEM 12

1. LESSON 2
CLASSIFICATION OF CELLS

4. Objectives
At the end of this lesson, I will be able to…
■ describe the various ways by which a cell is
classified;
■ explain the difference between eukaryotic and
prokaryotic cells;
■ compare plant and animal cell; and
■ differentiate multicellular and unicellular organism.

5. BasicCell Classification
■ Cells can be classified as:
1. Eukaryotic or Prokaryotic Cell
2.Plant or Animal Cell
3. Unicellular or Multicellular

6. PROKARYOTIC& EUKARYOTICCELL

7. Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes
■ Biologist recognize two main types of cells,
simple prokaryotes and the more complex
eukaryotes.
■ The main distinguishing factor between
eukaryotes and prokaryotes are the structure
housing their DNA.

8. Prokayotes
■ It is the first kind of cell to
develop about 3.5 billion years
ago.
■ Simple organism possessing
cells that are smaller in size with
simple internal structures.

9. Prokayotes
■ Simple life forms such as bacteria, blue-green algae, and
archaeans possess the simples cellular components of
prokaryotic cell.

11. Prokayotes
■ This small size and simple
structure allow these organism to
reproduce very fast, thus they can
exist in great numbers in air,
bodies of water, soil, and even
inside bodies living hosts.

12. Prokayotes
■ Prokaryotic cells has a nucleus which is NOT
enveloped by nuclear membrane called
nucleoid.

13. Prokayotes
■ The prokaryotic cell membrane is compose of
phospholipids which serve as a semipermeable
barrier to the cells’ outside environment.

14. Prokayotes
■ Ribosomes and DNA chromosome are present
in the cytoplasm.
■ Many prokaryotes contain plasmids. (additional
circular DNA molecules that encode proteins
which inactivate antibiotics)
■ Some prokaryotes have cilia and flagella that
enable them to move.

15. eukaryotes
■ 1.8 billion years ago, a new kind
of cell evolved to a larger size
and more complex structural
components.
■ It can either be unicellular or
multicellular.

16. eukaryotes
■ Protist, fungi, plants, and animals are all eukaryotes.

17. eukaryotes
■ It is also known as true cells and have a
well-organized internal condition
because of their membrane.
■ They are bigger than prokaryotes and
contain more DNA encased with in
nucleus, making them capable of
more protein production.

18. eukaryotes
■ Having organelles is an efficient way to arrange everything
that occurs in the cell in order to systemize cellular functions.
■ The cell compartmentalizes cellular processes and organizes
its space.

20. POINT OF
DIFFERENCE
EUKARYOTIC CELL PROKARYOTIC
CELL
NUCLEUS PRESENT ABSENT
CELLTYPE USUALLY
MULTICELLULAR
USUALLY UNICELLULAR
EXAMPLE ANIMALS AND PLANTS BACTERIA AND
ARCHAEA
LYSOSOMES AND
PEROXISOMES
PRESENT ABSENT
MITOCHONDRIA PRESENT ABSENT
ENDOPLASMIC
RETICULUM
PRESENT ABSENT

21. POINT OF
DIFFERENCE
EUKARYOTIC CELL PROKARYOTIC
CELL
GOLGI APPARATUS PRESENT ABSENT
CHLOROPLAST PRESENT ABSENT
CELL WALL FOUND IN PLANT CELLS
AND FUNGI
USUALLY HAS
COMPLEX CHEMICAL
STRUCTURE
VACUOLES PRESENT PRESENT

22. PLANT CELL VS ANIMAL CELL

23. ORGANELLE ANIMAL CELL PLANT CELL
PLASMA MEMBRANE PRESENT PRESENT
CYTOPLASM PRESENT PRESENT
NUCLEUS PRESENT PRESENT
CHLOROPLAST ABSENT PRESENT
LYSOSOMES PRESENT IN CYTOPLASM PRESENT (USUALLY NOT
EVIDENT)
VACUOLE ONE OR MORE SMALL
VACUOLE (SMALLER)
ONE LARGE CENTRAL
VACUOLE
CENTRIOLES PRESENT PRESENT ONLY IN LOWER
PLANT FORMS

24. ORGANELLE ANIMAL CELL PLANT CELL
ENDOPLASMIC
RETICULUM
PRESENT PRESENT
RIBOSOMES PRESENT PRESENT
MITOCHONDRIA PRESENT PRESENT
GOLGI APPARATUS PRESENT PRESENT
PEROXISOMES PRESENT PRESENT
CELL WALL ABSENT PRESENT (CONSIST
OFTHE MATERIAL
CELLULOSE)

25. CELL WALL
■ In plants, as well as algae, fungi, and bacteria, the cell
membrane is surrounded by an additional boundary, a
strong cell wall, which is a rigid layer that gives
protection, rigid support, and shape to the cell.
■ The cell walls of multiple cells can cling to each other
to help support an entire organism.

26. UNICELLULARVS. MULTICELLULAR
ORGANISM

27. UNICELLULARVS. MULTICELLULAR
ORGANISM
■ What do amoeba, paramecium and euglena
have in common?

28. UNICELLULARORGANISM
■ All of the mentioned are bacteria and are unicellular. This
means each of them is composed of only single cell.
■ The organism ‘s functions are carried out by collaborative
efforts of the different organelles within it.
■ An injury can be detrimental as it can lead to the organism’s
death, thus the lifespan of a cellular organism is typically
short.

29. UNICELLULARORGANISM
■ The reproduction of unicellular organism happens
through asexual methods.
■ They have strong abilities for cell division and
regeneration.
■ Their mode of nutrition is through phagocytosis,
which takes place by engulfing the food.

30. MULTICELLULARORGANISM
■ Organisms belonging to the higher forms, such as plants and
animals.
■ Their cells are capable of processing nutrition and digestion,
and are asked to do roles that depend upon the tissue or
organ to which the cells belong.
■ These cells are organized to form complicated structures,
such as tissues, organs, and organ systems to complete
organism.

31. MULTICELLULARORGANISM
■ Injured cells in a multicellular organism are easily replaced
through the process of cell division; in this case, the organism
is not very much affected.