3. Biology
It is a natural science that studies life and living
organisms, including their physical structure, chemical
processes, molecular interactions, physiological
mechanisms, development and evolution.
It shapes our understanding of our world, from human
health to biotechnology to environmental preservation.
4. UNIFYING THEMES THAT CONNECT CONCEPTS
FROM ANY MANY FIELDS IN BIOLOGY
- Energy and Life
- Regulation
- Adaptation
- Evolution
- Biology and society
- Biological System
- The Cellular Basis of Life
- Structure and Function
- Reproduction and Inheritance
- Interaction with the Environment
5. Biological System
All levels of life have systems of related parts.
A system is an organized group of interacting parts.
CELL is a system of chemicals
and processes.
6. • Your body, like the organism, is a living
system.
• You make use the interactions among its
parts of your body when you are riding a
motorcycle, running, swimming, using your
computer, and others.
7. • You make use the interactions among its parts of your body when you
are riding a motorcycle, running, swimming, using your computer, and
other activities.
8.
9.
10. Animals acquire most of the chemicals they need by eating
plants or other animals.
Chemicals are returned to the soil by bacteria and fungi that
decompose the wastes and remains of organisms.
Put the system in ecosystem.
11. All organisms are made up of cells.
The cell is the basic unit or the building block
of life.
If an organism is made of only once cell, it is
called unicellular.
If an organism is made up of many cells, it is
called multicelullar.
16. StructureandFunction
Structure determines function.
The structure is the shape of the object.
The function is the object’s specific role.
Proteins with different structures perform
different functions.
Heart muscle cells have a different structure
and function than stomach muscle cells.
Different species have different anatomical
structures with different situations.
17. REPRODUCTION AND INHERITANCE
• Reproduction involves the transfer of genetic information from parents to
offspring.
• Inheritance is the passing on of genetic traits from parents to their offspring,
and these offspring get all the genetic information from their parents.
• Inheritance explains why parents and their children have similar
characteristics.
18. INTERACTING ENVIRONMENT
No organism is completely isolated
from its surroundings.
As a part of an ecosystem, each
organism interacts continuously with
its environment.
19. The plant obtains water and
nutrients from the soil, carbon
dioxide gas from the air, and
energy from sunlight.
The plant uses these three inputs
from its environment for
photosynthesis the process by
which plants make food.
20. As plant grows, its roots break up rocks and
release acids that change the soil. This affects the
types of organism that can live in a soil.
Plants also release oxygen as a by-product of
photosynthesis.
Other organisms as well as plants use this oxygen
for their own survival.
The transfer of chemicals between organisms
and their environment is a key process in any
ecosystem.
21. ENERGY AND LIFE
• All organisms need a source of energy
to carry out life processes.
• Work depends on the source of energy.
• Energy obtains chemical from sugar,
fats, and other fuels, like molecules in
your food through the process of
metabolism.
• METABOLISM – is a chemical process
that build up or breakdown the
materials.
22. REGULATION/HOMEOSTASIS
• The ability of the organism to regulate their
internal conditions is an example of homeostasis
or “steady state”.
• A mechanism that makes organisms regulates
their internal conditions, despite changes in their
external environment.
• Such activity can be observed in mammals like
human, birds, and other forms of organism.
23. ADAPTATION
• It is an inherited trait that gives an
advantage to individual organisms and is
passed on to future generations.
• It is inherited trait that helps organism’s
ability to survive and response on its
particular environment.
• In natural selection, genetic trait help
some individuals of a species survive
reproduce some successfully than others
in a particular environment.
24. Evolution
▪ Evolution is the change in living things over time.It means “a process of change”.
▪ Evolution is a change in the genetic make up of a subgroup/population of a species.
▪ Evolution is simply a long-term response to the environment.
25. BIOLOGY AND SOCIETY
• Knowledge from biological science can be applied to specific
problems in the society to improve human life.
• For example, the development of vaccine against poliomyelitis
virus in the 1950s was a scientific breakthrough that had a large
impact on society. By producing the polio vaccine in bulk and
distributing it throughout the world, scientists, business leaders,
and governments have worked together to reduce the threat of
polio.
