This document contains a lecture on general agriculture. It discusses topics like Kinnow being a hybrid of mandarin oranges, the etymology of the word "agriculture," short day crops, the history of the Indian Meteorological Department, forms of water condensation like dew and fog, India's agro-climatic zones, characteristics of disc ploughs and puddling in rice cultivation, the history of India's Community Development Programme, the role of NABARD in agricultural financing, components of acid rain, dryland crops in India like millets, intercropping, proper fertilizer mixing, systemic pesticides, vermicomposting, eutrophication, and India's global rankings
When plants of the same kind are grown and cultivated at the one place on a large scale, it is called a crop.
There are two types of crop:-
Kharif Crop
Rabi Crop
When plants of the same kind are grown and cultivated at the one place on a large scale, it is called a crop.
There are two types of crop:-
Kharif Crop
Rabi Crop
Effect of planting pattern, plant density and integration of zeoponix and che...Innspub Net
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of planting pattern, plant density and integration of zeoponix and chemical N fertilizer (urea) on sunflower yield and yield components. The experimental design was analyzed as factorial based on randomized complete block with three replications. Treatments consisted of 3 factors which are different crop densities, including 2 levels. The population of plants was including 5 plants m–2 (d1) and 8 plants m–2 (d2). The second factor was planting patterns which were included twin rectangular rows (A1) and twin zigzag rows (A2). Different fertilizing treatments were selected as third factor consisted of the sole application of zeoponix (f1) and chemical fertilizer urea (f3), and integration of 50%zeoponix +50% chemical fertilizer urea (f2), that were at 3 levels. Results showed that there were significant differences in interaction of planting pattern, plant density and fertilizing system on plant height, stalk diameter, biologic yield, seed yield, number of seeds per head, 1000 seed weight, seed oil content and oil yield, protein content and protein yield and harvest index. LSD test for means of these traits showed that zigzag arrangement × plant population of 8 plants m–2 × 100% zeoponix (a2d2f1) treatment had the best performance and could be recommended to farmers for sunflower cultivation. Get the full articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-7-number-6-december-2015-ijaar/
CBSE Class 8 / VIII General Ccience Power Point Presentation
Prepared By
Praveen M Jigajinni
DCSc & Engg,PGDCA,ADCA,MCA,MSc(IT),MTech(IT), M.Phil (Comp Sci)
For Any Queries Please feel free to contact:
Email Id : praveenkumarjigajinni@gmail.com
Cell No: 9431453730
This one is the ppt on basic agricultural info.....about crops, about the techniques used
1) Preparation of soil
2) Sowing
3) Adding Manure and Fertilisers
4) Irrigation
5) Protecting from weeds
6) Harvesting
7) Storage,
and short point on animal husbandary
actually its specially for students of class 9 or 10 as it is one of the imp. project they have to make in school.
hope u like this........
Comprehensive study notes on Resources and Development for Class 10 students, including detailed explanations, key concepts, and Resources and Development Class 10 NCERT Notes formats to aid in exam preparation and understanding of the subject.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Effect of planting pattern, plant density and integration of zeoponix and che...Innspub Net
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of planting pattern, plant density and integration of zeoponix and chemical N fertilizer (urea) on sunflower yield and yield components. The experimental design was analyzed as factorial based on randomized complete block with three replications. Treatments consisted of 3 factors which are different crop densities, including 2 levels. The population of plants was including 5 plants m–2 (d1) and 8 plants m–2 (d2). The second factor was planting patterns which were included twin rectangular rows (A1) and twin zigzag rows (A2). Different fertilizing treatments were selected as third factor consisted of the sole application of zeoponix (f1) and chemical fertilizer urea (f3), and integration of 50%zeoponix +50% chemical fertilizer urea (f2), that were at 3 levels. Results showed that there were significant differences in interaction of planting pattern, plant density and fertilizing system on plant height, stalk diameter, biologic yield, seed yield, number of seeds per head, 1000 seed weight, seed oil content and oil yield, protein content and protein yield and harvest index. LSD test for means of these traits showed that zigzag arrangement × plant population of 8 plants m–2 × 100% zeoponix (a2d2f1) treatment had the best performance and could be recommended to farmers for sunflower cultivation. Get the full articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-7-number-6-december-2015-ijaar/
CBSE Class 8 / VIII General Ccience Power Point Presentation
Prepared By
Praveen M Jigajinni
DCSc & Engg,PGDCA,ADCA,MCA,MSc(IT),MTech(IT), M.Phil (Comp Sci)
For Any Queries Please feel free to contact:
Email Id : praveenkumarjigajinni@gmail.com
Cell No: 9431453730
This one is the ppt on basic agricultural info.....about crops, about the techniques used
1) Preparation of soil
2) Sowing
3) Adding Manure and Fertilisers
4) Irrigation
5) Protecting from weeds
6) Harvesting
7) Storage,
and short point on animal husbandary
actually its specially for students of class 9 or 10 as it is one of the imp. project they have to make in school.
hope u like this........
Comprehensive study notes on Resources and Development for Class 10 students, including detailed explanations, key concepts, and Resources and Development Class 10 NCERT Notes formats to aid in exam preparation and understanding of the subject.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Detachment and movement of soil material by the action of wind is known as wind erosion. Wind erosion is a common cause of land degradation in the arid and semi arid
Soil Erosion by Sustainable Phytoremediation Process Using Solar IrrigationIJMERJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Soil and land degradation is considered for slope land such as riverbank or stream bank and lands of high forced water runoff and rainfall causes severe soil erosion is the concern of this work. The major cause of runaway unprotected soil particles due to the natural reasons, thus making uneven soil plain surface scan be remedied by tree plantation or vegetation. A precision mirror-amplifier is designed for primarily sensing soil moisture and pH level to provide eventual environmental conditions needed for irrigation and fertilization for plants to grow healthy, which in turn reduces the soil erosion. Another special sensor designed and employed here that can monitor the degradation due to erosion and the system can determine the soil’s critical limits. To design the system in an IC form, VLSI design MAGIC CAD tool is used to complete. Results from PSPICE has confirmed the proper performance of the IC and proved to be very applicable in the environment controlling systems. In this paper, design methods and results are presented for a sustainable cultivation technology to prevent soil erosion at slope land
Characteristics of Soil Eroded due to water,Characteristics of Soil Eroded due to wind,Causes- Rain and rainwater runoff,Recreational Activities, Mining,farming ,Management:-
Crop rotation,Terraces,No-till planting
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
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Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
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It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
2. Kinnow is the hybrid variety of—
(A) Citrus
(B) Orange
(C) Mandarin
(D) Lemon
(C) Mandarin
2
3. The 'Kinnow' is a high yield mandarin hybrid cultivated extensively in the wider Punjab region of
Pakistan and India .
It is a hybrid of two citrus cultivars — 'King' (Citrus nobilis) × 'Willow Leaf' (Citrus × deliciosa)
3
4. The word ‘Agriculture’ is derived from—
(A) Greek
(B) Latin
(C) Arabic
(D) French
(B) Latin
4
5. Which of the followings are short day
crops ?
(A) Maize, Lobia, Bajra
(B) Wheat, Mustard, Gram
(C) Moong, Soybean, Bajra
(D) Wheat, Soybean, Bajra
(B) Wheat, Mustard, Gram
5
6. *Short day plants are the plants which start flowering before the critical day-
length. The duration of exposure is between 9-16 hours.
*Long day plants are the plants which start to flower when the days are
longer than the critical day- length. The duration of exposure is more than
16 hours.
*Day-neutral plants are the plants which flower independent of their day-
length. They will flower in the photoperiod which is neither too long nor too
short.
For a short-day plant to bloom, there must be less than 12 hours of
daylight.
6
7. The headquarters of Indian
Meteorological Department was
established in 1875 at—
(A) New Delhi
(B) Hyderabad
(C) Pune
(D) Calcutta
(D) Calcutta
7
8. The IMD headquarters were later shifted to Shimla in 1905,
then to Pune in 1928 and finally to New Delhi in 1944
IMD became a member of the World Meteorological
Organization after independence on 27 April 1949
It has the responsibility for forecasting, naming and
distribution of warnings for tropical cyclones in the
Indian Ocean region, including the Malacca Straits, the Bay of
Bengal, the Arabian Sea and the Persian Gulf.
8
9. Moisture condensed in small drops upon
cool surface is called—
(A) Hail
(B) Dew
(C) Snow
(D) Fog
(B) Dew
9
10. Rain: Water vapor condenses around condensation nuclei
(such as dust) and falls when the droplet is heavy enough.
Sleet: Same formation as rain, but it freezes somewhere
along its path from the clouds to the ground. Sleet is a
mixture of snow and rain
Snow: Water droplets form and then freezing occurs slowly
Hail: Water droplets are carried high into the atmosphere by
thunderstorm updrafts, which cause them to freeze. Multiple
drops tend to freeze together, which is why the diameter of
hail can be large.
10
11. Dew: Water vapor on the ground condenses on objects
Frost: Dew forms and then it freezes. This commonly occurs when
nighttime radiational cooling drops the ground temperature down
enough.
Fog: Fog consists of visible cloud water droplets or ice crystals
suspended in the air at or near the Earth's surface.
11
12. MIST: Mist is a phenomenon of small droplets suspended in air. It can occur as
part of natural weather or volcanic activity, and is common in cold air above
warmer water, in exhaled air in the cold, and in a steam room of a sauna. It can
also be created artificially with aerosol canisters if the humidity conditions are
right.
12
13. How many agro-climatic zones (ACZ)
are found in India ?
(A) 16
(B) 18
(C) 15
(D) 20
(C) 15
13
14. Tilt angle of a disc plough is generally—
(A) 10°
(B) 15°
(C) 20°
(D) 45°
(D) 45°
14
15. Puddling is done to—
(A) Reduce percolation of water
(B) Pulverise and levelling soil
(C) Kill weeds
(D) All of the above
(D) All of the above
15
16. Soil puddling for paddy rice production is the process of
working saturated or near-saturated soil into soft
structureless mud.
Wet system of rice cultivation needs puddled condition,
which involves ploughing of land in moist condition. The
lands are ploughed and re-ploughed, with planking after
each ploughing, to bring the soil to a fine ‘puddle’ condition.
The whole of the upper layer of the soil should be in this
smooth soft muddy condition, permitting the roots to ramify
freely in the medium without being obstructed by hard
layers.
17. Advantages of Puddling:
1. Less power required in tillage.
2. Easy in transplanting rice due to soft mud. Plants
are pushed into the mud with thumb and
forefinger.
3. Weeds are controlled by puddling. Buried weeds
in the mud do not come out easily.
4. Loss of water by percolation is reduced because
of structure less soil and the formation of tillage
pan.
5. Increase in availability of nutrients, especially
phosphorus, iron and manganese.
18. The Community Development
Programme (CDP) was started in India
on—
(A) 2nd October, 1950
(B) 2nd October, 1952
(C) 2nd October, 1951
(D) None of these
(B) 2nd October, 1952
18
19. The community development programme was started in India just after
independence (1952). It was a multi project programme with the aim of
an overall development of rural people.
For each community project, as at present planned, there will be
approximately 300 villages with a total area of about 450 to 500 square
miles, a cultivated area of about, 1,50,000 acres and a population about
2,00,000. The project area is conceived as being divided into 3
development blocks, each consisting 50,000 to 70,000. The development
block, is, in turn, divided into groups of 5 villages each, each group being
the field of operation for a village level worker.
20. The main function of NABARD is—
(A) Farmers’ loaning
(B) Agricultural research
(C) Refinancing to agricultural financing institutions
(D) Development of agriculture
(C) Refinancing to agricultural financing institutions
20
21. National Bank for Agriculture and Rural
Development
Established:
12 July 1982
Headquartered at Mumbai
ChairmanDr. Harsh Kumar Bhanwala
NABARD was established on the recommendations of B.Sivaraman Committee
It replaced the Agricultural Credit Department (ACD) and Rural Planning and
Credit Cell (RPCC) of Reserve Bank of India, and Agricultural Refinance and
Development Corporation (ARDC)
27. Growing different crops in association with
each other on the same field at the same time
is
(a) Mixed farming
(b) Intercultural
(c) Strip farming
(d) Contour ploughing
(b) Intercultural
27
28. Mixed farming vs mixed cropping
A system of farming which involves the growing of crops as well as the raising of
livestock.
Mixed cropping or co-cultivation, is a type of agriculture that involves planting
two or more of plants simultaneously in the same field.
28
31. Mixed cropping can be called as inter-cropping or co-cultivation
31
32. Strip farming and contour farming ...
Contour farming means crops are planted along the hill contour rather than
across the hill slope direction. Ridges are often built along the hill contour as
well to reduce soil and water loss via runoff and sometimes to collect water and
give water more time to infiltrate into the soil.
Strip farming is the same as contour farming except that buffer strips are
planted between two adjacent crop strips. These buffer strips are typically grass
species that are hardy, low maintenance, grows rapidly and provides uniform
ground cover. The function of these buffer strips are mainly to reduce water
erosion by reducing runoff velocity and to trap water and sediments from
runoff.
33.
34. Zinc Sulphate (ZnSO4) should not be
mixed with—
(A) D.A.P.
(B) Compost fertilizer
(C) Ammonium Chloride
(D) Urea
(A) D.A.P.
34
35. Di-Ammonium phosphate (DAP) is the world’s most widely
used Phosphorus fertilizer. It is made from two common
constituents in the fertilizer industry – Nitrogen (N) and
Phosphorus (P).
36. Di-Ammonium phosphate (DAP) contains 18% of Nitrogen,
46% of Phosphorus and no Potassium. DAP dissolves easily in
water at 20 degrees Celsius.
DAP should not be mixed with any fertilizers containing Zinc
as it forms Zinc Phosfide, which makes it inappropriate for
plants.
For the best effect DAP should be applied prior to sowing
37. Which of the following is systemic poison
?
(A) Metasystox
(B) Phosphomidan
(C) Phorate
(D) All of these
(C) Phorate
37
39. Contact insecticides generally control a pest as a result of direct contact.
In practice, contact insecticides must be applied with a good coverage of
spray droplets in order to make contact with the target.
Systemically-acting insecticides are taken up by plants relatively quickly
via the roots or above-ground parts, and are then transported and re-
distributed within the vascular system. They can also move between cells
by diffusion.
Contact kills the (host/spores/target) remains on the outer surface of
plant e.g. leaves or skin of plant, acting as a shield for protection. Contact
is harmful for environment and pollutes water/Soil/produce/goes into live
stock.
Systemic harmful for all who eats the produce also pollute the
environment/soil/water.
40. Vermicomposting
The term vermicomposting means the use
of earthworms (Plate 9) for composting
organic residues. Earthworms can
consume practically all kinds of organic
matter and they can eat their own body
weight per day, e.g. 1 kg of worms can
consume 1 kg of residues every day
40
43. Eutrophication
Algal bloom caused by
eutrophication Fertilizer run-
offs from crop fields are one
of the factors responsible for
eutrophication.
43
46. India’s Rank:
Rice:
China > India > Indonesia : 2nd
Maize:
USA>China >Brazil (India 4th)
Wheat:
Europe Union> China > India: 3rd
Total pulses:
India – 1st
Mustard & rapeseed:
China > Canada > India:3rd
46
47. Groundnut:
China > India>USA: 2nd
Sugarcane:
Brazil > India>China:2nd
Total cereals:
China > USA > India:3rd
Coarse cereals:
USA > China > Brazil > India: 4th
47
48. Vegetables:
China > India> USA: 2nd
Fruits & veg:
China > India: 2nd
Cotton:
China > India: 2nd
Tobacco:
China > Brazil > India: 3rd
Tea, jute & allied fibers:
India – 1st
48
51. Season
Kharif
Rabi
Zaid
51
What
Rice, cotton, maize, Jowar,
Moong, groundnut and jute
Wheat, barley, oats (cereals),
mustard and Pulses
Fruits and vegetables
When?
•Sowing-june july.
•Harvested in Sept-Oct
•Sowing in Oct-Nov
•Harvesting February-March
•Summer season
•April-May-Jun
52. About Punjab
Punjab has the title of:
Granary of India or Food Basket of India.
Punjab produces roughly 12% of the total cereals
produced in India.
Fruits Grown In Punjab:
The main fruit grown in Punjab is Kinnow. Other than Kinnow, Guava,
peach, pear and Mango are the other main fruits of Punjab.
Lemon and Ber are also produced in good quantity and it is enough for
the state's own consumption.
52
53. Agriculture Based Industries
Sonalika Tractors -
Sonalika Group, based in Hoshiarpur, is
amongst the top tractor manufactures
of India.
53
54. National Fertilizers Limited -
This public sector company has two urea
in the state. One unit is located in Nangal and
another is located in Bathinda.
55. Swaraj Tractors -
This company is owned by Mahindra Group
and one of the largest tractor manufactures
the country. The company has main
manufacturing unit in Mohali city under the
name of Punjab Tractors Limited.
56. About Punjab …
Standard Corporation -
Standard Corporation is a leading
Harvester Combine and Tractor
manufacturing company, based in
Barnala.
56
57. Nestle -
Nestle has a factory in Moga where a huge
quantity of milk is collected from surrounding
areas and processed to form desi ghee,
milk, butter and other products. Some of the
household names like Maggi, Cerelac and
EveryDay are manufactures in this factory.
58. Preet Tractors -
Preet tractors is another leading manufacturers
tractors, self propelled combine harvester and
other such machinery and company has its
manufacturing facility in Nabha, near Patiala.
59. About Punjab …
ITC:
ITC, which manufacture the various food
products under the brand names Sunfeast,
Bingo, Aashirvad etc. has a large food
processing unit in Kapurthala.
59
60. Markfed:
Markfed is a co-operative company of Punjab
government and is one of country's largest
agricultural products marketing company. The
products are marketed under the brand name of
Sohna and the portfolio includes various edible oils,
basmati rice, jams and pickles, desi ghee and ready
serve food items.