Socialization is the process by which individuals learn the norms, values, behaviors, and social skills needed to function in their society. Gender socialization refers specifically to how boys and girls are socialized differently according to societal expectations of masculinity and femininity. Children learn gender roles and identities through various socialization mechanisms including child-rearing practices that treat boys and girls differently, as well as institutions like education, media, religion, and language that reinforce traditional gender stereotypes. While socialization aims to integrate individuals into society, it can also promote the unequal treatment of women through norms and religious teachings that have historically justified female subordination.
community heath nursing
Gender inequality refers to unequal treatment or perceptions of individuals based on their gender. It arises from differences in socially constructed gender roles.
Gender equality, also known as sex equality, sexual equality, or equality of the genders, is the view that everyone should receive equal treatment and not be discriminated against based on their gender.
This document discusses gender roles and socialization within families. It states that families are the primary institution where gender roles are taught from a young age. It also outlines different family structures and notes that the nuclear family stereotype is a myth, as families come in many forms. The document explores various types of communication within families between parents and children, as well as couples, and how this socializes children's understanding of gender. It acknowledges more diverse and inclusive approaches to gender are emerging in families today.
1. The document discusses sociological and psychological perspectives on gender. It outlines four sociological theories - functionalist, conflict, symbolic interaction, and feminist theory - that seek to explain how gender roles emerge and are influenced by society and social interactions.
2. It also examines psychological theories like evolutionary theory, biosocial theory, social learning theory, and gender schema theory that analyze how biological and environmental factors shape gender identity development and influence behavior.
3. Overall, the document analyzes how both social and psychological factors contribute to the social construction of gender and influence people's understanding and expression of their gender.
This document discusses gender identity and the factors that influence it. It explains that gender identity is a person's internal sense of their own gender, which may correspond with or differ from their sex assigned at birth. Gender identity is shaped by both biological factors like genes and hormones, as well as social and environmental influences from family, culture, and media. The roles of family, society, and media in socializing children and promoting gender stereotypes are also examined.
Gender Sensitization refers to theories which claim that modification of the behavior of teachers and parents (etc.) towards children can have a causal effect on gender equality.
Socialization is the process by which individuals learn the norms, values, behaviors, and social skills needed to function in their society. Gender socialization refers specifically to how boys and girls are socialized differently according to societal expectations of masculinity and femininity. Children learn gender roles and identities through various socialization mechanisms including child-rearing practices that treat boys and girls differently, as well as institutions like education, media, religion, and language that reinforce traditional gender stereotypes. While socialization aims to integrate individuals into society, it can also promote the unequal treatment of women through norms and religious teachings that have historically justified female subordination.
community heath nursing
Gender inequality refers to unequal treatment or perceptions of individuals based on their gender. It arises from differences in socially constructed gender roles.
Gender equality, also known as sex equality, sexual equality, or equality of the genders, is the view that everyone should receive equal treatment and not be discriminated against based on their gender.
This document discusses gender roles and socialization within families. It states that families are the primary institution where gender roles are taught from a young age. It also outlines different family structures and notes that the nuclear family stereotype is a myth, as families come in many forms. The document explores various types of communication within families between parents and children, as well as couples, and how this socializes children's understanding of gender. It acknowledges more diverse and inclusive approaches to gender are emerging in families today.
1. The document discusses sociological and psychological perspectives on gender. It outlines four sociological theories - functionalist, conflict, symbolic interaction, and feminist theory - that seek to explain how gender roles emerge and are influenced by society and social interactions.
2. It also examines psychological theories like evolutionary theory, biosocial theory, social learning theory, and gender schema theory that analyze how biological and environmental factors shape gender identity development and influence behavior.
3. Overall, the document analyzes how both social and psychological factors contribute to the social construction of gender and influence people's understanding and expression of their gender.
This document discusses gender identity and the factors that influence it. It explains that gender identity is a person's internal sense of their own gender, which may correspond with or differ from their sex assigned at birth. Gender identity is shaped by both biological factors like genes and hormones, as well as social and environmental influences from family, culture, and media. The roles of family, society, and media in socializing children and promoting gender stereotypes are also examined.
Gender Sensitization refers to theories which claim that modification of the behavior of teachers and parents (etc.) towards children can have a causal effect on gender equality.
The document discusses various concepts related to gender including:
- Gender refers to the socially constructed roles and behaviors of men and women, as opposed to sex which refers to biological differences.
- Patriarchy involves the control of women's productive labor, reproduction, sexuality, and property by men in society.
- Gender roles are expectations of how men and women should behave and the types of work they do in a society.
- Gender equality means equal status and opportunities for men and women, while gender equity recognizes different needs and may require different treatment.
- Women's empowerment involves increasing women's power and control over their lives through awareness, self-confidence, access to resources, and transforming discriminatory structures.
This document discusses gender, gender roles, and gender inequality. It defines gender as the social and cultural differences between men and women, as opposed to sex which refers to biological differences. Gender roles are the social roles and expectations of how men and women should behave, which can vary across time and culture. Gender inequality refers to unequal treatment or opportunities for men and women. The document provides examples of gender inequality such as restrictions on women's rights to drive, divorce, education, and travel. It also discusses how gender roles are portrayed in textbooks and the need for more equitable representations of gender.
Patriarchy refers to a social system where men hold primary power and predominate in roles of political leadership, moral authority, social privilege, and control of property. It is derived from the Greek words "patria" meaning father and "arkhos" meaning rule, referring to rule by the father. In a patriarchal system, men make all family and societal decisions, hold all positions of power and authority, and are viewed as superior. Property and titles are inherited through the male lineage. Patriarchal societies emphasize different roles and values for male and female children and historically focus more on male figures in areas like education, politics, and history.
In a patriarchal system, men hold all positions of power and authority in both the family and society. They make all decisions and are considered superior. Women have submissive roles and are not allowed to demonstrate independence or suggest changes to the social order. The system focuses power and uplifting men through values, rituals, traditions, laws, and institutions while oppressing women and telling them from birth that they are inferior and controllable.
Gender and patriachy, gender bias and its types, gender stereotype, its effects , how we overcome from stereotype, Equity and equality in relation with caste and reforms in india.
B.ed 2nd year
The document discusses the differences between sex and gender. Sex refers to biological attributes that distinguish males and females, such as reproductive organs and secondary sex characteristics. Gender refers to cultural attributes that arise from biological sex differences, such as gender roles, behaviors, and styles of dress. The document then examines gender differences in various societies, including divisions of labor between males and females, as well as cultural rules around sexual behavior and taboos such as incest. Possible explanations for gender norms, such as compatibility with childcare responsibilities, are also explored.
Patriarchy is a social system where males hold primary power and predominate in roles of political leadership, moral authority, social privilege and control of property. It is characterized by the strict definition of gender roles where women are seen as inferior and their work and roles are relegated to the domestic sphere. Patriarchal social norms pressure both men and women to conform to traditional gender stereotypes. While patriarchy still exists around the world, combating it requires promoting equality, holding all people accountable, supporting diverse expressions of masculinity, and teaching boys healthy emotional skills.
This document discusses gender and gender stereotypes. It defines gender as the attitudes, feelings, and behaviors associated with a person's biological sex in a given culture. Gender stereotypes are beliefs about traits of females and males. The document presents common female stereotypes such as women being nurturing and weak, and male stereotypes like men being aggressive and strong. It examines the effects of gender stereotypes, such as impaired performance and increased stress. The conclusion is that stereotypes should change as relations between groups change over time.
The document discusses the complex and changing relationship between women and religion over time. It notes that early goddess worship reflected the view of women as creators of life. However, religions became increasingly patriarchal and portrayed women's roles as subordinate to men. Women were seen as sources of impurity and subject to various restrictions. Some rights existed but status was generally dependent on male guardians. Modern trends include women entering the clergy in some faiths and feminist movements challenging patriarchal interpretations of religion.
This document provides an introduction to key gender concepts. It defines gender and differentiates it from sex. Gender refers to socially constructed characteristics and roles of women and men, while sex refers to biological differences. The document outlines differences between gender and sex roles. It explores the relationship between gender and power. It also defines related terms like gender equality, equity, mainstreaming, empowerment, and analyzes approaches like gender-neutral, aware and transformative. The document discusses realities of gender disparities and potential gains from reducing them, such as increased agricultural outputs and reduced hunger. It compares Women in Development and Gender and Development approaches. Finally, it defines practical and strategic gender needs.
This document discusses gender studies and related topics. It defines gender as the range of characteristics pertaining to masculinity and femininity, which may include biological sex, social structures, or gender identity. Gender is socially learned behavior based on expectations of men and women. Gender studies is defined as the interdisciplinary study of gender identity and representation. Key topics covered include the differences between sex and gender, gender symbols, stereotypes and biases, and the importance of understanding gender to promote equality.
The document discusses gender identity and the factors that influence it. It explains that gender identity is a person's internal sense of their own gender, which may or may not correspond to their sex assigned at birth. It explores both biological factors like genes and hormones, as well as strong social and environmental influences like parental attitudes and cultural norms. The document also addresses how gender roles and stereotypes are learned from a young age but are becoming more flexible in modern times.
The document discusses gender representation in media. It notes that media often portrays women in sexualized ways on magazine covers and advertisements to attract audiences. This leads to gender stereotyping that overgeneralizes characteristics of each gender. The document analyzes how women are commonly objectified or depicted as submissive in advertisements and Bollywood films. It suggests this is done to sell cultural and gender differences in a discriminatory way. Overall, the document argues that media representation of gender needs to change to avoid reducing women to objects and to depict them as fully capable.
This document outlines a presentation on gender and organizational behavior. It begins by defining gender and sex, and exploring the biological and social origins of gender roles. It then examines how gender roles are portrayed in culture and media, and how this influences segregation in the labor market and gender inequality in the workplace. Specific topics covered include patriarchy, gender stereotyping, workplace values between men and women, equality initiatives, sexual discrimination, and harassment. The presentation concludes with gender statistics from Turkey.
Gender discrimination still affects women in education, work, income, and culture. In education, women earn more post-secondary degrees than men but face direct, indirect, and harassment-based discrimination. At work, women are underrepresented in high-paying fields and top positions, and often face unequal pay and barriers to promotion compared to equally qualified men. Cultural gender discrimination perpetuates stereotypes through colors, toys, media, and parental socialization that steer women and men into traditional gender roles. While progress has been made, discrimination continues to disadvantage women in many countries worldwide.
The document discusses gender in English grammar and Indian society. It notes that in English, nouns and pronouns are categorized as masculine, feminine, or neutral. It then lists examples of masculine and feminine terms for family members. The document also discusses differences in how males and females communicate, with males focusing on information sharing and problem solving while females aim to build relationships. It outlines issues in Indian society such as early marriage, dowry demands, male dominance, and lack of freedom and education for women.
The document discusses gender and human rights from various perspectives. It begins by defining human rights and outlining the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. It then discusses criticisms of the UDHR regarding its lack of consideration for women's and LGBT rights. The document also examines various international agreements aimed at promoting gender equality and women's rights, such as CEDAW, UN Resolution 1325, and the Maputo Protocol. However, it notes that in reality discrimination and violations of women's rights continue to persist. The document also discusses views on gender and human rights from an Islamic perspective.
This document discusses gender socialization and the differences between male and female youth in India. It explains that gender socialization begins early in life as children learn gender roles and stereotypes from parents, schools, and media. By age 3, children have formed their own gender identity and understand cultural norms associated with each gender. In India, households socialize the idea that maleness means power while femaleness means subservience. The document also notes disparities like sex-selective abortion and excess female child mortality in India. Overall, it examines how gender socialization occurs and influences youth cultures in India.
Gender socialization is the process through which children learn behaviors, attitudes, and norms associated with their gender from various social agents. Parents, teachers, peers, and media all contribute to gender socialization from a young age by modeling different expectations for boys and girls. Parents often engage in different activities with sons and daughters that demonstrate masculinity and femininity. Teachers and schools may unintentionally reinforce gender stereotypes through separating students or disciplining them differently based on gender. Peers also teach children appropriate behavior for their gender through play and interactions. Media conveys gender roles and can strengthen stereotypes about what it means to be a boy or girl.
The document discusses various concepts related to gender including:
- Gender refers to the socially constructed roles and behaviors of men and women, as opposed to sex which refers to biological differences.
- Patriarchy involves the control of women's productive labor, reproduction, sexuality, and property by men in society.
- Gender roles are expectations of how men and women should behave and the types of work they do in a society.
- Gender equality means equal status and opportunities for men and women, while gender equity recognizes different needs and may require different treatment.
- Women's empowerment involves increasing women's power and control over their lives through awareness, self-confidence, access to resources, and transforming discriminatory structures.
This document discusses gender, gender roles, and gender inequality. It defines gender as the social and cultural differences between men and women, as opposed to sex which refers to biological differences. Gender roles are the social roles and expectations of how men and women should behave, which can vary across time and culture. Gender inequality refers to unequal treatment or opportunities for men and women. The document provides examples of gender inequality such as restrictions on women's rights to drive, divorce, education, and travel. It also discusses how gender roles are portrayed in textbooks and the need for more equitable representations of gender.
Patriarchy refers to a social system where men hold primary power and predominate in roles of political leadership, moral authority, social privilege, and control of property. It is derived from the Greek words "patria" meaning father and "arkhos" meaning rule, referring to rule by the father. In a patriarchal system, men make all family and societal decisions, hold all positions of power and authority, and are viewed as superior. Property and titles are inherited through the male lineage. Patriarchal societies emphasize different roles and values for male and female children and historically focus more on male figures in areas like education, politics, and history.
In a patriarchal system, men hold all positions of power and authority in both the family and society. They make all decisions and are considered superior. Women have submissive roles and are not allowed to demonstrate independence or suggest changes to the social order. The system focuses power and uplifting men through values, rituals, traditions, laws, and institutions while oppressing women and telling them from birth that they are inferior and controllable.
Gender and patriachy, gender bias and its types, gender stereotype, its effects , how we overcome from stereotype, Equity and equality in relation with caste and reforms in india.
B.ed 2nd year
The document discusses the differences between sex and gender. Sex refers to biological attributes that distinguish males and females, such as reproductive organs and secondary sex characteristics. Gender refers to cultural attributes that arise from biological sex differences, such as gender roles, behaviors, and styles of dress. The document then examines gender differences in various societies, including divisions of labor between males and females, as well as cultural rules around sexual behavior and taboos such as incest. Possible explanations for gender norms, such as compatibility with childcare responsibilities, are also explored.
Patriarchy is a social system where males hold primary power and predominate in roles of political leadership, moral authority, social privilege and control of property. It is characterized by the strict definition of gender roles where women are seen as inferior and their work and roles are relegated to the domestic sphere. Patriarchal social norms pressure both men and women to conform to traditional gender stereotypes. While patriarchy still exists around the world, combating it requires promoting equality, holding all people accountable, supporting diverse expressions of masculinity, and teaching boys healthy emotional skills.
This document discusses gender and gender stereotypes. It defines gender as the attitudes, feelings, and behaviors associated with a person's biological sex in a given culture. Gender stereotypes are beliefs about traits of females and males. The document presents common female stereotypes such as women being nurturing and weak, and male stereotypes like men being aggressive and strong. It examines the effects of gender stereotypes, such as impaired performance and increased stress. The conclusion is that stereotypes should change as relations between groups change over time.
The document discusses the complex and changing relationship between women and religion over time. It notes that early goddess worship reflected the view of women as creators of life. However, religions became increasingly patriarchal and portrayed women's roles as subordinate to men. Women were seen as sources of impurity and subject to various restrictions. Some rights existed but status was generally dependent on male guardians. Modern trends include women entering the clergy in some faiths and feminist movements challenging patriarchal interpretations of religion.
This document provides an introduction to key gender concepts. It defines gender and differentiates it from sex. Gender refers to socially constructed characteristics and roles of women and men, while sex refers to biological differences. The document outlines differences between gender and sex roles. It explores the relationship between gender and power. It also defines related terms like gender equality, equity, mainstreaming, empowerment, and analyzes approaches like gender-neutral, aware and transformative. The document discusses realities of gender disparities and potential gains from reducing them, such as increased agricultural outputs and reduced hunger. It compares Women in Development and Gender and Development approaches. Finally, it defines practical and strategic gender needs.
This document discusses gender studies and related topics. It defines gender as the range of characteristics pertaining to masculinity and femininity, which may include biological sex, social structures, or gender identity. Gender is socially learned behavior based on expectations of men and women. Gender studies is defined as the interdisciplinary study of gender identity and representation. Key topics covered include the differences between sex and gender, gender symbols, stereotypes and biases, and the importance of understanding gender to promote equality.
The document discusses gender identity and the factors that influence it. It explains that gender identity is a person's internal sense of their own gender, which may or may not correspond to their sex assigned at birth. It explores both biological factors like genes and hormones, as well as strong social and environmental influences like parental attitudes and cultural norms. The document also addresses how gender roles and stereotypes are learned from a young age but are becoming more flexible in modern times.
The document discusses gender representation in media. It notes that media often portrays women in sexualized ways on magazine covers and advertisements to attract audiences. This leads to gender stereotyping that overgeneralizes characteristics of each gender. The document analyzes how women are commonly objectified or depicted as submissive in advertisements and Bollywood films. It suggests this is done to sell cultural and gender differences in a discriminatory way. Overall, the document argues that media representation of gender needs to change to avoid reducing women to objects and to depict them as fully capable.
This document outlines a presentation on gender and organizational behavior. It begins by defining gender and sex, and exploring the biological and social origins of gender roles. It then examines how gender roles are portrayed in culture and media, and how this influences segregation in the labor market and gender inequality in the workplace. Specific topics covered include patriarchy, gender stereotyping, workplace values between men and women, equality initiatives, sexual discrimination, and harassment. The presentation concludes with gender statistics from Turkey.
Gender discrimination still affects women in education, work, income, and culture. In education, women earn more post-secondary degrees than men but face direct, indirect, and harassment-based discrimination. At work, women are underrepresented in high-paying fields and top positions, and often face unequal pay and barriers to promotion compared to equally qualified men. Cultural gender discrimination perpetuates stereotypes through colors, toys, media, and parental socialization that steer women and men into traditional gender roles. While progress has been made, discrimination continues to disadvantage women in many countries worldwide.
The document discusses gender in English grammar and Indian society. It notes that in English, nouns and pronouns are categorized as masculine, feminine, or neutral. It then lists examples of masculine and feminine terms for family members. The document also discusses differences in how males and females communicate, with males focusing on information sharing and problem solving while females aim to build relationships. It outlines issues in Indian society such as early marriage, dowry demands, male dominance, and lack of freedom and education for women.
The document discusses gender and human rights from various perspectives. It begins by defining human rights and outlining the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. It then discusses criticisms of the UDHR regarding its lack of consideration for women's and LGBT rights. The document also examines various international agreements aimed at promoting gender equality and women's rights, such as CEDAW, UN Resolution 1325, and the Maputo Protocol. However, it notes that in reality discrimination and violations of women's rights continue to persist. The document also discusses views on gender and human rights from an Islamic perspective.
This document discusses gender socialization and the differences between male and female youth in India. It explains that gender socialization begins early in life as children learn gender roles and stereotypes from parents, schools, and media. By age 3, children have formed their own gender identity and understand cultural norms associated with each gender. In India, households socialize the idea that maleness means power while femaleness means subservience. The document also notes disparities like sex-selective abortion and excess female child mortality in India. Overall, it examines how gender socialization occurs and influences youth cultures in India.
Gender socialization is the process through which children learn behaviors, attitudes, and norms associated with their gender from various social agents. Parents, teachers, peers, and media all contribute to gender socialization from a young age by modeling different expectations for boys and girls. Parents often engage in different activities with sons and daughters that demonstrate masculinity and femininity. Teachers and schools may unintentionally reinforce gender stereotypes through separating students or disciplining them differently based on gender. Peers also teach children appropriate behavior for their gender through play and interactions. Media conveys gender roles and can strengthen stereotypes about what it means to be a boy or girl.
This document discusses socialization and gender socialization. It covers several key topics:
1. Socialization is the lifelong process of learning social norms and expectations through agents like family, school, peers and media. It shapes personality and how people interact.
2. Gender socialization teaches children gender roles and stereotypes from a young age through these same agents. Boys and girls are socialized differently to conform to societal expectations.
3. In Nepali society, family is the primary socialization agent teaching beliefs, behaviors, culture and respect for elders. Schools also emphasize academics and obedience. Society teaches traditions, festivals and gender roles like fathers providing and mothers nurturing.
Gender roles socialization theory is believed to be based on Social learning theory, Gender socialization is the process by which people learn to behave in a certain way, as dictated by societal beliefs, values, attitudes and examples.The concept of boy code and masculine mystique , Influence of family,“normative male alexithymia”, display of aggression, Gender in advertisement, Women were more likely to be sexualized than men.
This document discusses gender identity and the influence of family and media on gender roles and stereotypes. It defines key terms like sex, gender, and gender identity. It explains how family socializes children into rigid gender roles from a young age through behaviors like differentiating toys and clothes for boys and girls. The media also promotes stereotypes by portraying men as strong and women as gentle. The document concludes that children should have freedom to explore various gender roles without imposed stereotypes.
Concepts in Gender and sex - edited.pptxssuser504dda
This document discusses concepts related to gender and sex. It defines sex as the biological differences between males and females, while gender refers to the social and cultural roles, behaviors, and identities attached to one's sex. Historically, gender roles and stereotypes have been used to justify unequal treatment and limit opportunities for women. However, gender is a social construct, not a biological determinant, and gender roles have varied across cultures and over time. The document examines how gender roles and stereotypes are learned through socialization and can influence access to power and privilege between men and women in a society.
Gender issues in psychology: Interaction Styles in Childhood and AdulthoodLaiba Aftab Malik
Interaction Styles in Childhood, prosocial dominance, egoistic dominance, gender segregation cycle, Prisoner’s dilemma task, the peer pressure, gender-consistent or gender-inconsistent language, the cultural influence
Socialization is the process by which individuals learn the norms, values, behaviors, and social skills that are appropriate within their culture. Through socialization, infants are transformed from beings without culture into cultural beings. They learn language, gender roles, norms, and occupational roles through both formal and informal socialization processes primarily carried out by family members. While socialization techniques vary across cultures, they generally aim to ensure the continuity of cultural traditions from one generation to the next.
The document defines key terms related to gender: sex refers to biological categories of male and female, gender refers to culturally constructed distinctions between femininity and masculinity, gender stereotypes are widely held beliefs about abilities and traits, and gender differences are actual disparities between the sexes. Research supports cognitive differences like females performing better at verbal tests and males at math/visual-spatial tests. Research also supports behavioral differences like males being more aggressive and females being more sensitive to cues and susceptible to persuasion. The document discusses how children learn gender roles through processes like operant conditioning, observational learning, and self-socialization. Parents, schools, and media influence children to follow traditional gender roles.
Gender stereotypes begin from a young age through social cues like toys, clothes, and media portrayals. Over time, these cues shape one's gender identity and understanding of gender roles and expectations in society. Research shows that gender stereotypes can negatively impact individuals by limiting their potential and subjecting them to unfair treatment. Efforts are being made in the UAE to promote gender balance and equality through policies, programs, and cultural changes that challenge limiting stereotypes. Further research continues to investigate how stereotypes form and influence domains like education, work, relationships, and entrepreneurship.
Issues on violence sexual harassment -Gender SensitizationUniqueLife1
Gender Sensitization - Issues on violence sexual harassment.
Gender Equality in Special Course of Study .
Unique Education of the Society #UniqueLifeYoutubeChannel
Socialization is the process by which people learn the norms, values, behaviors, and social skills needed to function in society. It occurs through interaction with others and influences personality development and how people learn the traditions of their culture. Socialization transmits society's beliefs, customs, morals and politics from one generation to the next and ensures social continuity. It shapes who we are and how we see the world.
Teaching the Digital Generation with Impact: Teachers as Agents of Character Formation
and
Tried-and-Tested Strategies That Form Students’ Character: Empathy, Resilience and Grit
The document discusses the concept of gender socialization and its various aspects. Gender socialization refers to the learning of behaviors and attitudes considered appropriate for a given sex. It occurs through manipulation, canalization, verbal appellations, activity exposure, and various agents of socialization like family, peers, school, religion, media, and state. The end result is helping children identify with their gender and acquire the corresponding roles and behaviors that are carried into adulthood.
Young children are just beginning to develop their understanding of gender identity. The document discusses several key points: children see gender in rigid categories at first but become less influenced by biological factors over time; play activities and social interactions help shape a child's emerging gender identity; and research finds children tend to take on stereotypical gender roles in pretend play but become more flexible in adolescence.
CHAPTER 10 EMOTIONAL AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT IN EARLY CHILDHOODMy.docxrobert345678
This chapter discusses emotional and social development in early childhood. It covers the development of self-understanding and self-esteem as children's self-concepts emerge. Emotional development is also addressed, including improvements in understanding and regulating emotions. The chapter examines peer relations, gender typing, morality, and the influence of parenting on socio-emotional growth. Cultural variations are also considered, such as differences in how parents discuss past events with children in their storytelling.
UNIT 5 AGENCIES AND TYPES OF SOCIALIZATION.pptxSanskritiRazdan
agents of socialization, or institutions that can impress social norms upon an individual, include the family, religion, peer groups, economic systems, legal systems, penal systems, language, and the media.
According to the socialization young children learn stereotypical gend.docxwrite4
According to the socialization approach, young children learn stereotypical gender roles from parents, peers, teachers, and the media. Children are taught that boys are aggressive and independent while girls are nurturing and better at relationships. From these lessons, children construct the concept of gender. Sociologists who take the integrationist approach believe that gender roles are continually reinforced through daily interactions between women and men, unconsciously reproducing gender differences. Many gender theorists argue that nearly all societies institutionalize patriarchy and limited biological sex differences into a rigid gender system through social structures.
Gender and racial-ethnic socialization involve specific messages and practices taught to children regarding their gender or racial identities. Gender socialization teaches children what behaviors and roles are appropriate for their sex. Racial socialization includes direct statements and modeling of behaviors related to one's racial or ethnic group. Both processes are important throughout life, with socialization occurring in families, communities, and workplaces. Socialization helps shape personal and social identities from childhood through adulthood.
The document discusses gender roles and inequality in society. It defines gender as a social construct referring to differences between males and females. Gender roles are formed from a young age through family, community, and schools, creating stereotypes that girls are weak and boys should work. Factors like illiteracy, child marriage, male inheritance, and objectification of women in public have historically led to gender inequality. However, government actions promoting education, workplace policies, anti-dowry laws, and women's movements have helped combat inequality and advance women's rights.
This document does not contain any substantive information to summarize in 3 sentences or less. The document only contains the word "Angles" with no other context.
Algebraic expressions can be formed using variables, constants, and mathematical operations. Variables represent letters that can take on any value, while constants represent fixed numbers. There are different types of algebraic expressions including monomials, binomials, and trinomials. The value of an algebraic expression can be found by substituting values for the variables and simplifying. Identities are equations that are always true regardless of the values of variables. Common identities include (a+b)2, (a-b)2, and a2 - b2.
This document discusses different methods of heat transfer - conduction, convection, and radiation. It provides examples of each in daily life and defines key related terms like temperature, units of heat, calorimetry, calorimeter, thermostat, and thermoflask. Conduction occurs through direct contact between objects and involves the transfer of kinetic energy between adjacent particles. Convection involves the movement of molecules or atoms within fluids like liquids and gases. Radiation can transfer heat through empty space via electromagnetic waves.
The document discusses different types of changes that occur around us. It defines slow changes as those that take hours, days, months or years, such as hair and nail growth or seasonal changes. Fast changes are those that occur within seconds or minutes, like a bursting balloon or burning paper. Reversible changes can return to the original state, like stretching a rubber band or melting ice, while irreversible changes cannot be reversed, such as curdling milk or digestion. The document provides examples of each type of change and distinguishes between reversible and irreversible, as well as slow and fast changes.
This document discusses carbon and its compounds. It begins by introducing carbon as an important non-metallic element that exists in both free and combined states in nature. It then distinguishes between organic carbon compounds found in living organisms and inorganic compounds found in non-living matter. The document goes on to describe several unique features of carbon, including its ability to form chains, exist in different allotropes like diamond and graphite, and form multiple bonds. It concludes by emphasizing carbon's abundance and importance to life.
This document is about fluids and their properties. It provides an index of topics to be covered, including pressure, equations of pressure, Pascal's principle, buoyancy, Archimedes' principle, fluid flow, and Bernoulli's equation. Key concepts that will be explained are how pressure is transmitted in fluids, hydraulic devices that use Pascal's principle, calculating buoyant force, and equations governing fluid continuity and flow.
This document discusses measurement in physics. It introduces the need for measurement and defines physical quantities. There are two types of physical quantities - fundamental and derived. Seven units make up the fundamental units used to measure the seven dimensions of the world: length, mass, time, temperature, amount of substance, electric current, and luminous intensity. Two supplementary units are also introduced. The document outlines different units for measuring length and defines the dimensions of physical quantities. It concludes by mentioning the least count of instruments used for measurement.
This document discusses different types of motion including linear, circular, rotational, and vibratory motion. It defines concepts like rest and motion using a frame of reference. The document also covers 1D, 2D and 3D motion with examples. It distinguishes between scalar and vector quantities and discusses types of vectors and how they can be added.
This document provides an overview of electricity, atomic structure, electric charge, and electric circuits. It defines electricity as the flow of electric charge through a conductor. Atoms consist of protons, neutrons, and electrons, with protons and neutrons in the nucleus and electrons orbiting the nucleus. Protons have a positive charge while electrons have a negative charge. Electric circuits allow the flow of electrons from higher to lower potential through components connected in series or parallel. Key differences between series and parallel circuits are that current is the same but voltage varies in series circuits, while current varies but voltage is the same in parallel circuits.
This document discusses various methods for purifying organic compounds, including sublimation, crystallization, differential extraction, distillation, and chromatography. Purification is necessary to study the structure, physical, chemical and biological properties of organic compounds and must isolate the compound from any impurities. The appropriate purification method depends on the nature of the impurity and the organic compound. Common techniques include sublimation for volatile solids, crystallization using solvent selection and isolation, differential extraction using immiscible organic solvent layers, distillation, and chromatography using adsorbents and mobile/fixed phases.
This document provides an overview of electrochemistry and electrochemical cells. It defines electrochemistry as the branch of chemistry dealing with the relationship between electrical energy and chemical change. An electrochemical cell is a device that uses a chemical change to produce electricity or uses electricity to produce a chemical change. The document describes the components of electrochemical cells, including electrodes and electrolytes. It distinguishes between galvanic cells, which produce electricity from chemical reactions, and electrolytic cells, which use electricity to drive chemical reactions. Examples of the significance of electrochemistry include metal refining and batteries.
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This document defines and provides examples of different types of energy, work, and their relationships. It states that work is done when a force causes an object to be displaced, and is calculated as the product of the force and displacement. Kinetic energy is the energy of motion, while potential energy depends on an object's position or state, such as gravitational potential energy which depends on height or elastic potential energy from deformation. Power is defined as the rate at which work is done or energy is delivered over time.
An electric motor is a device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. It works by passing an electric current through a conductor coil located in a magnetic field, which creates a force on the coil and causes it to rotate. Electric motors are crucial to modern life as they are used in many appliances and machines, powering things like fans, drills, and vehicles. The speed of an electric motor's coil rotation can be increased by strengthening the current, increasing the number of coil turns, enlarging the coil area, or boosting the magnetic field strength.
This document discusses the basic elements of electric circuits. It defines electric current as the flow of charges and an electric circuit as the path electrons flow through. It then lists the four elements of a simple circuit: a battery as the electricity source, a wire as the conducting path, a lamp as the resistor, and a switch to control the circuit. It also briefly mentions series and parallel circuits as types of simple circuits.
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9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
2. 22
➢Gender is a social construct. An individual’s gender is
their social identity resulting from their culture’s
conceptions of masculinity and femininity.
➢Individual develop their own gender identity, influenced
in part by the process of gender socialization.
3. 3
‘Gender Socialization is a process whereby humans in
the course of social interaction as well as
exposure and reactions to diverse information are
moulded and continuallyshaped to culturally
appropriate images of femaleness and maleness’.
4. 4
The process of gender socialization begins early in life. Children develop an
understanding of gender categories at a young age. Studies have shown that
children can discern male voices from female voices at six months old, and
can differentiate between men and women in photographs at nine months
old. Between 11 and 14 months,children develop the ability to associate sight
and sound, matching male and female voices with photographs of men and
women. By age three, children have formed their own ender identity.They
have also begun to learn their culture’s gender norms, includingwhich toys,
activities,behaviors, and attitudes are associated with each gender.
Children were observes and imitate the behaviors of same gender model than
opposite gender model. So gender categorization is a significant part of a
child’s social development.
5. 5
The process of gender socialization continues as adolescents enter
the workforce. Research has found that adolescents encounter
stereotypes of gendered performance in the workforce in their first
jobs. First jobs are significantly segregated by sex. Girls work fewer
hours and earn less per hour than boys. Hourly wages are higher in
job types dominated by boys while girls are more frequently assigned
housework and childcare duties. The impact of these first
experiences in the professional world will shape adolescents
perspectives on how men and women behave differently in the
workforce.
7. 777
▪ Parents are typically a child’s first source of information
about gender. Starting at birth, parents communicate
different expectations to their children depending on
their sex.
▪ For example, a son may engage in more roughhousing
with his father, while a mother takes her daughter
shopping.
▪ The child may learn from their parents that certain
activities or toys correspond with a particular gender (
think of a family that gives their son a truck and their
daughter a doll ).
8. 8
▪ Teachers and school administrators model
gender roles and sometimes demonstrate
gender stereotypes by responding to male
and female students in different ways.
▪ For example, separating students by gender
for activities or disciplining students
differently depending on their gender may
reinforce children’s developing beliefs and
assumptions.
9. 9
▪ Peer interactions also contribute to gender
socialization. Children tend to play with same-
gender peers. Through these interactions, they
learn what their peers expect of them as boys or
girls.
▪ These lessons may be direct, such as when a peer
tells the child that a certain behavior is or not
“appropriate” for their gender.
▪ They can also be indirect, as the child observes
same- and other-genderedpeers’ behavior over
time.
10. 10
▪ Media, including movies, TV, and books, teaches
children about what it means to be a boy or a girl.
Media conveys information about the role of gender in
people’s lives and can reinforce gender stereotypes.
11. 1111
▪ Mass media in gender socialization includes Linguistic sexism, The
print media, Television.
▪ Language is a medium of socialization. A child learns the language of
his or her culture and shapes his/her behavior in accordancewith that
culture.
▪ The research studies indicates that men and women speak different
gender lets.
▪ Women’s conversation have a cooperative character, where as men’s
conversation’s are move competitive, less social and more
individualistic.
12. 12
12
▪ The print media plays a significant role in gender
socialization. Whereas most magazines concentrateon
finance, business, sports, technology,hobbies and sex,
women’s as well as man’s magazines.
▪ Television is the most popular form of electronic media
and it is the most important agent of gender
socialization.
13. 13
▪ Every culture or communityhas different guidelines about what
is appropriate for males and females and family members may
socialize children in gendered ways. In most Indian families,
norms for boys and girls are differ.
▪ Norms for girls seem to get more stringent after they attain
puberty. Norms regarding their playing, dressing manner,
interactions (especially with man).
14. 14
14
▪ Certain Traditions Also May Contribute To
Gender Socialization.
For Example, AmongMembers Of Zemei Naga
Tribe Of North East India, Men Are Forbidden
To Touch The Meat Of An Animal Killed By An
Woman, As It Considered TouchingThe Meat
Would Be Below Their Dignity Because Bravery
Is A Quality Of Men And Docility Is Quality Of
Women.
15. 151515
Some more agents are there:
Agents of
socialization
Family
Language,acquisi
tion,relationship,
rules,morals,role
s,behavior,model
s
Peers
Activities,
trends
Religion
Values,love for
others,meaning of
life,guidliness on
how to live
Government
Laws,sense
of security,
Media
Stereotypes,tr
ends how to
act
Work
Employment
,money,rules
,roles
Ethnic
background
Beleifs,custom
s,values
Clubs/social
groups
Social
interaction,rules
governing activities
School
Grammar,rul
es,social
setting
values
16. 16
➢ Gender socialization is a lifelong process.The beliefs about gender that we
acquire in childhood can affect us throughout our lives. The impact of this
socialization can be big (shaping what we believe we are capable of
accomplishing and thus potentially determining our life's course), small
(influencing the color we choose for our bedroomwalls), or somewhere in
the middle.
➢ As adults, our beliefs about gender may grow more nuanced and flexible,
but gender socialization can still affect our behavior,whether in school, the
workplace,or our relationships.