This document provides an outline on gastritis, including its definition, causes, signs and symptoms, diagnostic tests, medical and nursing management, prevention, and complications. Gastritis is defined as inflammation of the stomach lining and can be acute or chronic. Common causes include NSAID use, H. pylori infection, alcohol, and stress. Symptoms may include nausea, abdominal pain, and bleeding. Tests used for diagnosis include endoscopy, blood tests, stool tests, and biopsy. Treatment focuses on reducing acid and treating underlying causes, such as antibiotics for H. pylori. Nursing care includes relieving pain, maintaining nutrition and hydration, administering medications correctly, and educating on lifestyle changes and symptom monitoring

1. GASTRITIS
MR. ABDOU PANNEH
(RM ,FWACN,DHAF,NT, RN)

2. OUTLINE OF LECTURE
• DEFINITION
• CAUSES
• TYPES
• PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
• SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
• DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
• MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
• NURSING MANAGEMENT
• PREVENTION
• COMPLICATIONS
• PROGNOSIS

3. WHAT IS THE
DIFFERENCE
BETWEEN PUD
&
GASTRITIS???

4. DEFINITION
• This is the inflammation of the
mucosal lining of the stomach. It
can be acute (short time) or
chronic (long time).

5. CAUSESThe most common causes of gastritis are:
• Prolonged use of Nonsteriodal anti-inflammatory drugs
(NSAIDS) such as aspirin, ibuprofen,
• Infection of the stomach with a bacteria called
Helicobacter pylori
• Excessive alcohol consumption
Less common causes are:
• Autoimmune disorders (such as pernicious anemia)
• Backflow of bile (bile reflux) from the duodenum into
the stomach and oesophagus which may cause
heartburn
• Cocaine abuse
• Eating or drinking caustic or corrosive substances (such
as poisons)

6. CONT’D
• Extreme stress
• Viral infection, such as cytomegalovirus
and herpes simplex virus, especially in
people with a weak immune system
• Trauma or a severe, sudden illness such
as major surgery, kidney failure, or
being placed on a breathing machine
may cause gastritis.

7. SIGNS & SYMTOMS
Many people with gastritis do not have any symptoms.
Symptoms you may notice are:
• Nausea and vomiting (vomitus may be clear, yellow, or
green,)
• Abdominal upset or pain usually in the upper central
portion, but could occur anywhere from the upper left
around towards the back.
• Indigestion (heartburn)
• Pernicious anaemia (vitamin B12 deficiency)
If gastritis is causing bleeding from the lining of the stomach,
symptoms may include:
• Black stools
• Vomiting blood or coffee-ground like material

8. CONT’D
Characteristics of pain:
• Pain located on the epigatric region or
around the umblicus, of less intensity
• Aggravated by hunger and sometimes
appear after meals
• Pain is sometime alleviated by
vomiting

9. DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
• History taking
Tests that may be needed are:
• Complete blood count (CBC) to check for anemia or low
blood count
• Examination of the stomach with an endoscope to check
for stomach lining inflammation and mucous erosion.
• H. pylori tests
• Stool analysis to check for small amounts of blood in the
stools, which may be a sign of bleeding in the stomach.
• Stomach biopsy to test for gastritis and other conditions
e.g. ulcer
• Urinalysis
• Gastric lavage

10. MEDICAL MGT
Treatment depends on the specific cause; some of the
cause will disappear with time.
Drugs that neutralizes the acidity of the
stomach are mostly prescribed. E.G.
• Antacids e.g. digel, tetralac, milk of magnesia, calci-
chew, mintox e.t.c
• H2 antagonists
- famotidine (pepsid)
- ranitidine (zantac),
- cimetidine (Tagamet),
- nizatidine (axid)

11. CONT’D
• Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)
-omeprazole (Prilosec)
-esomeprazole (nexium)
-iansoprazole (prevacid)
• -- Antacids may be used to treat chronic
gastritis caused by infection with
Helicobacter pylori bacteria.

12. CONT’D
Helicobacter pylori eradication
Antibiotics:
• Metronidazole
• Claritromycine, Erythromycin
• Doxycycline, Tetracycline

13. CONT’D
Mucosal Protective Agents:
• Sucralfate
• Prostaglandin analogue – Misoprostol
• Bismuth-containing compounds –
Bismuth subsalicylate (BSS)

14. NURSING MGT
• Help pt to relieve pain by teaching him/her
the basic pain relieving methods you know
• Administer fluids as order to maintain fluid
and electrolyte balance
• Advice pt in avoiding causative agents like
NSAIDs
• If pt. is vomiting give antiemetic e.g.
promethazine

15. CONT’D
• Help pt to restore normal nutritional intake.
Preferably bland diet (foods that are generally
soft, low in dietary fiber,cooked and not spicy)
• Administer prescribed medications.
• Urge the pt to seek immediate medical attention
for recurring signs and symptoms e.g.
hematemesis (vomiting blood), nausea and
vomiting
• Advice pt on lifestyle modification (stop alcoholic
consumption, and high intake of caffeine, and
over stressing)

16. COMPLICATIONS
• Haemorrhage (Blood loss)
 Gastric perforation
• Anaemia
• Malnutrition

17. HOW DO YOU
PREVENT
YOURSELF FROM
DEVELOPING
GASTRITIS???

18. CONTRIBUTION
S,
CLARIFICATION
S &
CONSTRUCTIVE
CRITICISMS???