The document summarizes the status of the Galileo satellite navigation system operated by the European Union and European Space Agency. It describes the constellation plans including the initial and full operational capabilities. It provides details on the satellites, ground infrastructure, atomic clocks, signals, services, and system performance. The status of the initial in-orbit validation satellites and deployment of the full operational capability satellites is outlined.

1. Navigation solutions powered by Europe
GALILEO System Status
ESA Galileo Project Office
Workshop Satellietnavigatie Haarlem
HSB / NIN / VPN / GIN
12 December 2014

2. 12 December 2014 The European GNSS Programmes 2
Galileo
European Global Navigation Satellite System
with 30 satellites
Constellation
• Walker 24/3/1 constellation
plus 6 in-orbit spares
• Semi-major axis
29600.318 km
• Inclination 56 deg
• Period: 14h 4m 42s
• Ground track repeat cycle
10 days / 17 orbits

3. Galileo Deployment Plan
System TB v1
Algorithms
validation
Galileo System Testbed v2
GIOVE-A and -B Satellites
and ground operations
In-Orbit Validation
4 operational satellites
and initial ground infrastructure
Full Operational Capability
30 operational satellites
and complete ground infrastructure
Initial Operational Capability
18 operational satellites
and improved operational ground
infrastructure
3
2002
2005
2013
20xx
20xx

4. Galileo services
Open Access
Commercial
Search and Rescue
Public Regulated
Free (as GPS)
Mass market
Under development
Access controlled by CS provider
High accuracy
Near real-time relay of distress
alarms to improve existing search
and rescue services.
Return link feasible
Controlled access to government
authorized-users only
High availability

5. GPS L1GPS L5 GPS L2 Glonass G2
Galileo Navigation Signals: Overview
E5a Signal:
Data+Pilot
Mod.: BPSK
Rc=10.23 Mcps
Rs=50 sps
Open Services
E5b Signal:
Data+Pilot
Mod.: BPSK
Rc=10.23 Mcps
Rs=250 sps
Open Services
E6-A Signal:
Mod.: BOCc(15,2.5)
Public Regulated
Service
E6-B/C Signal:
Data+Pilot
Mod.: BPSK Overlay
Rc=5.115 Mcps
Rs=1000 sps
Commercial Service
E1-A Signal:
Mod.: BOCc(15,2.5)
Public Regulated
Service
E1-B/C Signal:
Data+Pilot
Mod.: CBOC Overlay
Power Ratio 10/1
Rc=1.023 Mcps
Rs=250 sps
Open Services
1278.750 MHz 1575.420 MHz1191.795 MHz
86.955
MHz
15.345
MHz
296.67
MHz
15.345
MHz
E5 combined signal:
AltBOC(15,10)
Frequency
Aligned and interoperable with future GPS
(modernized L1C and L5) signals, by carrier
frequency and modulation

6. 12 December, 2014
Document Title 6
Galileo IOV Satellite (PFM, FM2, FM3 & FM4)
SPACECRAFT Properties
Mass at Launch (incl. Propellant)
Power Consumption
Dimensions:
Lifetime
Orbit Injection
Attitude Profile
~700 kg
1420 W
2.74 x 14.5 x 1.59 m
12 years
Direct into MEO orbit
Yaw Steered
EADS Astrium GmbH
EADS Astrium Ltd
Thales Alenia Space – Italy
SAR Rx antenna
(406 MHz, array)
SAR Tx antenna
(L band)
Navigation antenna
(L band, array)
Uplink antenna
(C band)
FM1/2 + FM3/4 differences
• SAR Transponder (not
on FM 1/2)
• NSGU

7. 12 December 2014 The European GNSS Programmes 7
Satellite Atomic Clocks
Passive Hydrogen Maser
The most stable and accurate
 Looses no more than 0.5 ns in 12h,
i.e. 1s in 3 millions of year
Rubidium
 Looses 3s in 1 million of years
Error in time Error in distance
1 s 300 000 000 m
1 ms (0.001 s) 300 m
1 ns (0.000000001 s) 0.3 m

8. 12 December 2014 The European GNSS Programmes 8
Noumea
ULS/GSS
Galileo Ground Segment

9. 9| The European GNSS Programmes 9
Troll GSSTroll GSS
Svalbard ULS/GSS/MEOLUTSvalbard ULS/GSS/MEOLUT
Kiruna GSS/TTCKiruna GSS/TTC
Redu GSS/IOT/TTCRedu GSS/IOT/TTC
Fucino GSSFucino GSS
Reunion TTC/ULS/GSSReunion TTC/ULS/GSS
Kourou
TTC/ULS/GSS
Kourou
TTC/ULS/GSS
Noumea
TTC/ULS/GSS
Noumea
TTC/ULS/GSS
16 GSS*
5 ULS
4 + 1 TT&C
1 IOT
3 MEOLUT
Jan Mayen GSSJan Mayen GSS
Kerguelen GSSKerguelen GSS
Falkland GSSFalkland GSS
St Pierre et
Miquelon GSS
St Pierre et
Miquelon GSS
Ground Stations Network (Feb 2014)
Papeete ULS/GSSPapeete ULS/GSS
Larnaca
MEOLUT
Larnaca
MEOLUT
Wallis
GSS
Wallis
GSS
Azores GSSAzores GSS
Ascension GSSAscension GSS
Maspalomas
MEOLUT
Maspalomas
MEOLUT

10. 12 December 2014 The European GNSS Programmes 1
Galileo Ground Segment – Remote Stations
Kerguelen GSSSvalbard GSS
Kiruna TTC
Noumea GSS
Kourou TTC-ULS

11. 12 December 2014 The European GNSS Programmes 1
Galileo Control Centers
Ground Mission Segment in
Italy
Ground Control Segment in
Germany

12. Galileo Constellation Status (12 Dec. 2014)
GSAT0101 GSAT0102 GSAT0103 GSAT0104
SV ID 11 12 19 20
Orbital Slot B05 B06 C04 C05
Clock PHM PHM PHM RAFS
Technical
Status
Healthy Healthy Healthy
Unavailable from
2014-05-27
(NAGU 2014014)
Min Received
Power
(Public SIS
ICD)
E5 HPA degradation
recoverable by
using redundancy
E1 compliant
E1+E5 compliant
E1+E5 in temporary
back off
E1 output stage
degradation
E5 not available
SAR N/A N/A
SAR Transponder
ON
SAR Transponder
ON

13. Signal and Message Availability
Availability
[%]
Ranging
Signal
Healthy
Message
GSAT0101 93.5 63.4
GSAT0102 92.6 75.3
GSAT0103 99.9 94.3
GSAT0104 30.9 28.1
Availability affected by
GSAT0104 off since 27/5
GSAT0101/2 ASW update
SHS OK since Dec 3rd
nav msg reports healthy
status when satellites are
healthy

14. Ranging Accuracy
Ranging Accuracy impacted by
Satellite maintenance operations
Sporadic infrastructure events: e.g.
GSS tracking anomalies, PTF
outage/re-configuration
Significant improvement in the last
months
Satellite 67% [m]
GSAT0101 0.98
GSAT0102 0.85
GSAT0103 1.07
GSAT0104 1.4
Overall ranging accuracy (67 percentiles)

15. Galileo for Precise Timing
Galileo provides both precise positioning and timing
Timing is available for a fixed user already with one Galileo satellite in view
Galileo disseminates the international reference timescale Universal
Coordinated Time (UTC)
The internal Galileo time reference Galileo System Time (GST) is closely steered to
UTC (modulo 1 second) and the GST-UTC conversion parameters are provided in
the Galileo navigation message
This allows Galileo users to measure the time and frequency offset of the local
clock versus UTC
As a contribution to the interoperability with GPS, Galileo determines
and broadcasts Galileo GPS Time Offset (GGTO) in coordination with
the U.S. Naval Observatory
UTC System Satellite User

16. UTC Dissemination
Planned Outage due to
handover from UTC(INRIM)
Overall good performance of ~7ns (95%)
GST-UTC requirement 30ns (95%)

17. Galileo-GPS Time Offset
Expected GGTO accuracy 7ns (95%)
Removal of ~10ns bias still to be applied

18. For Galileo Single-Frequency users: NeQuick Model
Climatological (monthly mean) model of electron density
3D (as opposed to single-layer ionospheric models SBAS, Klobuchar)
Driven by monthly-mean Solar Flux F10.7
Recommended by ITU-R for propagation prediction
Based on profiles of ionospheric layers
Adapted in Galileo for nowcasting based on recent observations
Hochegger, G., B. Nava, S.M. Radicella and R. Leitinger (2000): A family of ionospheric models for different uses,Phys. Chem. Earth, 25 (4), 307-310.
Radicella, S.M. and R. Leitinger, “The evolution of the DGR approach to model electron density profiles”, Adv. Space Res., Vol. 27, Issue 1, pp. 35-40, 2001.

19. Ionosphere correction capability (%)
doy 127/2013 doy 080/2014
85%
79.2 %
81.6 %
74.4 %
GPS broadcast
Galileo broadcast

20. FOC Satellites
Overall Spacecraft
Mass at Launch
Power Consumption
Dimensions:
Lifetime
Orbit Injection
Attitude Profile
733kg
1900 W
2.5 x 1.1 x 14.7 m wing span
12 years
Direct into MEO orbit
Yaw Steered
S/C Prime Contractor OHB Systems GmbH
P/L Prime Contractor SSTL Ltd
WO1 + WO2 = 22 satellites

21. Both spacecraft are safe and in stable conditions and
handed-over to GCC-D on 27-28 Sep
GSAT201 target orbit manoeuvres completed
and NAV Payload commissioning almost
completed
GSAT202 in SAM (Sun Acquisition Mode);
manoeuvres not yet started and Payload off
(as planned)
Satellite 5 and 6 Status
GSAT201
GSAT202
VS9 Orbit injection non-nominal

22. New orbit: Resonant 20 days/ 37 rev
20 days repeat cycle, easy insertion in routine planning (!)
Ground track first 10 days sat 5 = second 10 days sat 6
37 revolutions, good global coverage, similar to 19/10
Higher Perigee than other resonant candidates
Reference Current Target
Semi-major axis [km] 29599.80 26180.99 27977.9
Eccentricity 0.0001 0.2326 0.1544
Inclination [deg] 56 49.8 49.8
Apogee height [km] 23224.624 25892.55 25919.55
Perigee height [km] 23218.704 13713.29 17280.11
Nominal ground track (10days/17revs)
SAT 5/6 ground track (20days/37revs)

23. 3 Nov: Normal Mode (i.e. Earth pointing attitude), but perigee crossings
with Gyro-only control
7-16 Nov: 9 large maneuvers (one/day)
18 Nov: Perigee crossing with Earth Sensor control with the Nadir
antenna pointing accuracy required for navigation purposes
Satellite 5 Orbit Raising Manoeuvres

24. SAT5 IOT: First FOC Signal in Space
Since 30.11.2014 all carriers modulated (GSAT201)

25. GSAT5 demonstrated usable for positioning
• GSAT5 acquired and tracked by the Septentrio Test User Receivers.
Correlation plots show Signal in good shape!
• On 9/12/2014, 1st position fix using Galileo SAT 5 and off-line nav msg!!
Redu High Gain Antenna
Redu Test
User
Receiver
Rack

26. SAT 5-6: SiS Analysis on Target Orbit
Test User Receivers (TUR) capable to perform the
required satellite navigation performance testing
Expectations confirmed by preliminary test
campaign with commercial receivers
Signal in space could be usable by most of the commercial
receivers (e.g. mass market) with minimal impact on performance
Impact of the Doppler range is expected to be limited, but very
much dependent on the implemented technology. This may result in
an increasing cold acquisition time or an reduced satellite SIS
availability.
Potential lack of valid almanac or increased cold sky search time
is expected to be anyway very much mitigated in real operational
scenarios by the availability of alternative orbital elements.
Reference orbit
Current
orbit
Apogee
Perigee

27. SAT5-6 Outlook
In-Orbit-Testing in the target orbit almost completed
Preparation of Programme Decision to provide
Navigation and SAR services, after completion of In-
Orbit-Testing.
Target scenario:
Nominal RF signals,
Dummy Navigation Msg broadcast
Ephemerides and Clocks prediction via GNSS Service
Centre
Assisted Positioning and Navigation

28. SAT5-6: Availability of Accuracy
Average user location performances are excellent
>80% Improvement up to L8 when using Sat 5/6

29. FOC Satellites Production at OHB Bremen

30. Galileo FOC Satellite Qualification at ESA, NL

31. Launch Campaign at CSG Kourou
Autonomous Operations
Satellites Integration
on the Launcher Dispenser
Satellites Encapsulation
in the Launcher fairing

32. FOC Satellites Production Status (17 Nov‘14)
FM3 and FM4 under testing at ESA ESTEC Test
Facility till mid Nov.’14
FM5 in ESA ESTEC Test Facility since 29 Oct.’14
FM6 in OHB SAR-LUPE (island 6) and planned to
arrive in ESA ESTEC TF by mid December 2014
FM7 in OHB SAR-LUPE Hall (island 5a)
FM8 in OHB Galileo Hall (island 4b)
FM9 in OHB Galileo Hall (island 3b)
FM10 in OHB Galileo Hall (island 4a)
FM11 in OHB Galileo Hall (island 3a)
FM12 in OHB Galileo Hall (island 2)
FM13 - FM22 in OHB Galileo Hall (island 1)

33. Enhanced Launch capability
SOYUZ ARIANE 5

34. FOC Performance evolution

35. IOV demonstrated that Galileo works
FOC satellite deployment is well under way
OHB satellite production progressing well
SAT5 and 6 mission recovery under way
SAT7 and 8 being made ready for launch
Launcher service contracts signed with
Arianespace:
Soyuz: 7 launches for 14 satellites (incl. the launches
in 2011, 2012 and 2014)
Ariane 5: 3 launches for 12 satellites
Satellite constellation deployment will proceed
based on Soyuz/Ariane5 launch capability
Conclusions