Presentation at the SpaceOps conference in Stockolm, June 2012, about the first launch of Galileo satellites. Galileo is the European global navigation satellite system (GNSS), funded by the European Commission and developed by the European Space Agency.

1. Galileo Concept of Operations, First
IOV LEOP and Initial Operations
Marco LISI
Senior Member AIAA
European Space Agency
SpaceOps 2012, Stockholm, June 11-15 2012
Navigation solutions powered by Europe

2. Table of Contents






Introduction
Galileo System Overview
Galileo Concept of Operations
Galileo IOV System Configuration
Launch, LEOP and Early Operations
Conclusions

3. Summary
EGNOS and Galileo are the key elements of the
European navigation “system of systems”, a
strategic and critical infrastructure of EU;
The Galileo global navigation satellite system,
joint initiative by the European Union and the
European Space Agency, is one of most
ambitious and technologically advanced service
oriented system being developed in Europe, by
European industries and with European
resources;
The first two satellites of the Galileo constellation
were successfully launched on 21st October
2011, after an integrated effort at systems
engineering, operations and ILS level.

4. GALILEO Program essentials
Galileo is Europe's initiative for a state-of-the-art
global navigation satellite system, providing a
highly accurate, guaranteed global positioning
service under civilian control
While providing autonomous navigation and
positioning services, Galileo will at the same
time be interoperable with GPS and GLONASS,
the two other global satellite navigation systems
The fully deployed Galileo system will consist of
30 satellites and the associated ground
infrastructure.
4

5. The Galileo System

6. Galileo Incremental Deployment

7. Galileo Services
Open Service
Free to air; Mass market; Simple
positioning
Commercial Service
Encrypted; High accuracy;
Guaranteed service
Safety of Life Service
Open Service + Integrity of
signal
Public Regulated
Service
Encrypted; Continuous
availability
Search and Rescue
Service
Near real-time; Precise; Return
link feasible

8. Galileo Concept of Operations

9. Galileo Key Operational Processes
9

10. Galileo KPI’s Dashboard
1st level
maintenance
2nd level
maintenance
Downtime of
Control Centers
Spare parts
availability
Preventive
maintenance
Respect of
procedures

11. In Orbit Validation Objectives
Constellation
Signal in Space
Users
Sensor Stations
Estaciones de
Referencia
TT&C
Stations
Control Centres
Mission
U/L
Stations

12. Galileo IOV System Architecture

13. IOV-1 Satellites
Galileo Constellation
Walker 27/3/1 constellation
plus 3 in-orbit spares
Semi-major axis
29600.318 km
Inclination 56 deg
Period: 14h 4m 42s
Ground track
repeat cycle
10 days / 17 orbits
Overall Spacecraft
Mass at Launch (incl. Propellant)
Power Consumption
Dimensions:
Lifetime
Orbit Injection
Attitude Profile
~700 kg
1420 W
2.74 x 14.5 x 1.59 m
12 years
Direct into MEO orbit
Yaw Steered

14. Galileo IOV – Ground Control Centres
2 Complementary Control Centres:
• Ground Mission Segment (GMS)
in Fucino has the responsibility
for the mission aspects ,
• Ground Control Segment (GCS)
in Oberpfaffenhofen, to control
and monitor the constellation.
Both centres will be completed
to become fully redundant.
© Axel Schultes Architekten

15. GCC-D at DLR - Oberpfaffenhofen

16. GCC-I at Telespazio - Fucino

17. Soyuz Launch Site at Centre Spatial Guyanais
(Kourou)

18. Kiruna TT&C Site

19. Redu IOT Station
IOT Measurement System Online Area
Redu IOT Station L-Band 21mt dish
Redu C-band antenna

20. Galileo IOV Operations Overview
Initial in-orbit operations (LEOP) are conducted from the LEOP Control
Centre (LOCC) in CNES Toulouse (F)
Following the start of the orbit drift phase, C&C of each S/C is handedover to the Galileo Control Centre (GCC-D) in DLR Oberpfaffenhofen
(D), in charge of all following PF/PL operations
PL IOT activities are conducted from the Galileo IOT Station in Redu (B),
with the S/C controlled by GCC-D
Specific PL IOT tests cases are executed from the Galileo Control Centre
(GCC-I) in TPZ Fucino (I), in charge of all mission operations activities

21. IOV-1 Launch Campaign (1/3)
FM2 arrival
08/09
PFM arrival
15/09
Autonomous Operations
08‐30/09

22. IOV-1 Launch Campaign (2/3)
FM2 & PFM fuelling
26 & 30/09
Dispense Integration
04‐05/10
Fregat Integration
10/10

23. IOV-1 Launch Campaign (3/3)
Soyuz Rollout
14/10
Fairing Encapsulation and transport
12‐14/10
Upper Composite
integrated in Soyuz 14/10

24. October 21st 2011: First IOV Launch

25. IOV-1 Launch Sequence

26. Galileo IOV LEOP (1/2)
After S/C separation from
Soyuz/Fregat, LOCC monitors
the automatic INIT sequence
TT&C TM transmitter ON
AOC units ON
Rate damping
Initial sun acquisition
Solar arrays deployment
After initial verification of the
Platform S/S status, the S/C is
commanded to Earth
acquisition

27. Galileo IOV LEOP (2/2)
Initial orbit maneuvers are then performed for:
Correcting the orbit injection errors and
Reaching the initial target orbit with the required accuracy
Positioning the S/C in its allocated orbital slot
After completion of the drift start man oeuvres, the S/C is
commanded to Normal Mode (which is the nominal
satellite operational mode)
Yaw steering control ensures that the solar arrays are tracking
the Sun and the navigation antenna is pointed towards Earth
Control of each spacecraft is then handed-over to the
GCC-D for all following operations
This constitutes the end of LEOP controlled activities

28. C&C Handover to GCC-D
•
•
Handover from LOCC to
GCC-D is performed after
completion of the
manoeuvres to start the
drift phase
It is carried during
combined visibility from
the LEOP GS and the
TTCF
The Handover process checks the status of each S/C
for:
Orbital elements of the satellite
Estimation of drift rate
Fuel consumption from operation until C&C hand-over
Status of each S/S

29. Operations from GCC-D
•
•
GCC-D is in charge of
operations of the Galileo
constellation
In IOV, the Ground
Control Segment (GCS)
facilities are deployed in
the GCC-D for command
and control of the space,
GCS, and GCC hosting
infrastructure
The main components of the GCS infrastructure covers:
Spacecraft Constellation Control Facility (SCCF) based on ESA
SCOS 5
Key Management Facilities (KMF) for S-Band TM/TC encryption
Tracking, Telemetry and Control Facility (TTCF) in Kourou and
Kiruna

30. IOT Operations from Redu
•
Following the navigation
payload switch on from GCC-D,
In Orbit Tests are conducted to
• verify the performances of the L-
•
•
•
Band navigation signals and
messages, and to receive the SAR
payload test downlink
transmit navigation test messages
towards GALILEO satellites
transmit test signals to the
GALILEO Search And Rescue
(SAR) payload
The IOT Measurement System
controls the whole system to
• track the GALILEO satellites
• perform the measurements
• produce the test reports
• connect to the GCC-D to retrieve
satellite telemetry and flight
dynamics data.

31. First Galileo IOV Signal Received

32. Operations from GCC-I
After completion of IOT Campaign, routine operations
are jointly conducted from GCC-D (PF/PL control) and
GCC-I (navigation mission control)
The GCC-I Ground Mission Segment (GMS)
infrastructure processes the L-Band data received from
the remote stations, and uplinks the C-Band navigation
messages

33. The Global Navigation Satellite SoS
GNSoS
ATM
GEOSS

34. Conclusions
Galileo is one of the most challenging and
rewarding initiatives of the European Union, with
numerous fall-outs in terms of technological,
industrial and operational know-how and
capabilities
Galileo is a service-oriented system of systems,
aiming at delivering services through a dynamic
configuration of people, organizational networks
and shared information (processes, metrics,
policies, regulations)
Service systems, such as Galileo, need the
adoption of specific systems engineering methods
and special attention to operational, governance
and Integrated Logistic Support aspects

35. Tack själv !
Traditional
Chinese
Thai
Gracias
Thank
You
Russian
Spanish
Obrigado
Brazilian
Portuguese
English
Arabic
Danke
Grazie
Korean
Italian
Simplified
Chinese
Japanese
Merci
German
French