Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are usually defined as large-scale, ad-hoc, multi-hop and
wireless unpartitioned networks of homogeneous, small, static nodes deployed in an area of interest.
Applications of sensor networks include monitoring volcano activity, building structures or natural
habitat monitoring. In this paper, we present the problem of processing probabilistic top-k queries in a
distributed wireless sensor networks. The basic problem in top-k query processing is that, a single method
cannot be used as a solution to the problem of top-k query processing because there are many types of
top-k query processing. The method has to be based on the situation, the classification and the type of
database and the query model. Here we develop three algorithms, namely, sufficient set-based (SSB),
necessary set-based (NSB), and boundary-based (BB), for inter- cluster query processing with bounded
rounds of communications. Moreover, in responding to dynamic changes of data distribution in the
overall network, we develop an adaptive algorithm that dynamically switches among the three proposed
algorithms to minimize the transmission cost.
Time Orient Multi Attribute Sensor Selection Technique For Data Collection In...inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Efficient Query Evaluation of Probabilistic Top-k Queries in Wireless Sensor ...ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
DATA GATHERING ALGORITHMS FOR WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS: A SURVEYijasuc
Recent developments in processor, memory and radio technology have enabled wireless sensor networks
which are deployed to collect useful information from an area of interest. The sensed data must be
gathered and transmitted to a base station where it is further processed for end-user queries. Since the
network consists of low-cost nodes with limited battery power, power efficient methods must be employed
for data gathering and aggregation in order to achieve long network lifetimes. In an environment where in
a round of communication each of the sensor nodes has data to send to a base station, it is important to
minimize the total energy consumed by the system in a round so that the system lifetime is maximized. With
the use of data fusion and aggregation techniques, while minimizing the total energy per round, if power
consumption per node can be balanced as well, a near optimal data gathering and routing scheme can be
achieved in terms of network lifetime. Several application specific sensor network data gathering protocols
have been proposed in research literatures. However, most of the proposed algorithms have been some
attention to the related network lifetime and saving energy are two critical issues for wireless sensor
networks. In this paper we have explored general network lifetime in wireless sensor networks and made an
extensive study to categorize available data gathering techniques and analyze possible network lifetime on
them.
Efficient Cluster Based Data Collection Using Mobile Data Collector for Wirel...ijceronline
Establishing an efficient data gathering scheme in wireless sensor networks is a challenging task. Lot of researches has been carried out to establish energy efficient data gathering scheme to avoid heavy traffic received by the nodes near the sink. Data gathering scheme is a significant factor in determining the network lifetime. In this paper we propose an efficient data gathering scheme by introducing clustering and mobility into the wireless sensor network. We consider data collection in wireless sensor networks by utilizing mobile data collector and cluster heads. Cluster heads are chosen and clusters are formed to collect data from the sensor nodes. The proposed scheme finds the shortest tour for the mobile data collector to collect data from the cluster heads. The shortest tour saves time and energy in data gathering.
Anchor Positioning using Sensor Transmission Range Based Clustering for Mobil...ijdmtaiir
In wireless sensor network, energy efficiency is a
major concern as the sensors have minimum energy capacity.
As the sensor energy consumption plays a vital role in
determining the network lifetime, many strategies have been
proposed for energy conservation. One of them is mobile data
gathering (MDG).In Mobile Data Gathering either the sink can
go on tour to collect the data or a Mobile Data Collector
(MDC) can collect the data from sensors and drops them back
to the static sink. In this paper, static sink with mobile data
collector is considered for the topic of interest. The mobile data
collector will reach the cluster of sensors at some appropriate
locations called as anchor points. For the formation of clusters,
many algorithms have been proposed so far, two of them ,
Square Grid based Clustering (SGC) and Sensor Transmission
based Clustering (STC) are analysed here for the selection of
anchors in the anchor based mobile data gathering approach
Tdtd-Edr: Time Orient Delay Tolerant Density Estimation Technique Based Data ...theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Time Orient Multi Attribute Sensor Selection Technique For Data Collection In...inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Efficient Query Evaluation of Probabilistic Top-k Queries in Wireless Sensor ...ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
DATA GATHERING ALGORITHMS FOR WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS: A SURVEYijasuc
Recent developments in processor, memory and radio technology have enabled wireless sensor networks
which are deployed to collect useful information from an area of interest. The sensed data must be
gathered and transmitted to a base station where it is further processed for end-user queries. Since the
network consists of low-cost nodes with limited battery power, power efficient methods must be employed
for data gathering and aggregation in order to achieve long network lifetimes. In an environment where in
a round of communication each of the sensor nodes has data to send to a base station, it is important to
minimize the total energy consumed by the system in a round so that the system lifetime is maximized. With
the use of data fusion and aggregation techniques, while minimizing the total energy per round, if power
consumption per node can be balanced as well, a near optimal data gathering and routing scheme can be
achieved in terms of network lifetime. Several application specific sensor network data gathering protocols
have been proposed in research literatures. However, most of the proposed algorithms have been some
attention to the related network lifetime and saving energy are two critical issues for wireless sensor
networks. In this paper we have explored general network lifetime in wireless sensor networks and made an
extensive study to categorize available data gathering techniques and analyze possible network lifetime on
them.
Efficient Cluster Based Data Collection Using Mobile Data Collector for Wirel...ijceronline
Establishing an efficient data gathering scheme in wireless sensor networks is a challenging task. Lot of researches has been carried out to establish energy efficient data gathering scheme to avoid heavy traffic received by the nodes near the sink. Data gathering scheme is a significant factor in determining the network lifetime. In this paper we propose an efficient data gathering scheme by introducing clustering and mobility into the wireless sensor network. We consider data collection in wireless sensor networks by utilizing mobile data collector and cluster heads. Cluster heads are chosen and clusters are formed to collect data from the sensor nodes. The proposed scheme finds the shortest tour for the mobile data collector to collect data from the cluster heads. The shortest tour saves time and energy in data gathering.
Anchor Positioning using Sensor Transmission Range Based Clustering for Mobil...ijdmtaiir
In wireless sensor network, energy efficiency is a
major concern as the sensors have minimum energy capacity.
As the sensor energy consumption plays a vital role in
determining the network lifetime, many strategies have been
proposed for energy conservation. One of them is mobile data
gathering (MDG).In Mobile Data Gathering either the sink can
go on tour to collect the data or a Mobile Data Collector
(MDC) can collect the data from sensors and drops them back
to the static sink. In this paper, static sink with mobile data
collector is considered for the topic of interest. The mobile data
collector will reach the cluster of sensors at some appropriate
locations called as anchor points. For the formation of clusters,
many algorithms have been proposed so far, two of them ,
Square Grid based Clustering (SGC) and Sensor Transmission
based Clustering (STC) are analysed here for the selection of
anchors in the anchor based mobile data gathering approach
Tdtd-Edr: Time Orient Delay Tolerant Density Estimation Technique Based Data ...theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Optimal Converge cast Methods for Tree- Based WSNsIJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Energy-Efficient Compressive Data Gathering Utilizing Virtual Multi-Input Mul...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Data gathering is an attractive operation for obtaining information in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). But one of important challenges is to minimize energy consumption of networks. In this paper, an integration of distributed compressive sensing (CS) and virtual multi-input multi-output (vMIMO) in WSNs is proposed to significantly decrease the data gathering cost. The scheme first constructs a distributed data compression model based on low density parity check-like (LDPC-like) codes. Then a cluster-based dynamic virtual MIMO transmission protocol is proposed. The number of clusters, number of cooperative nodes and the constellation size are determined by a new established optimization model under the restrictions of compression model. Finally, simulation results show that the scheme can reduce the data gathering cost and prolong the sensor network’s lifetime in a reliable guarantee of sensory data recovery quality.
As Wireless Sensor Networks are penetrating into the industrial domain, many research opportunities are emerging. One such essential and challenging application is that of node localization. A feed-forward neural network based methodology is adopted in this paper. The Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) values of the anchor node beacons are used. The number of anchor nodes and their configurations has an impact on the accuracy of the localization system, which is also addressed in this paper. Five different training algorithms are evaluated to find the training algorithm that gives the best result. The multi-layer Perceptron (MLP) neural network model was trained using Matlab. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed method in real time, the model obtained was then implemented on the Arduino microcontroller. With four anchor nodes, an average 2D localization error of 0.2953 m has been achieved with a 12-12-2 neural network structure. The proposed method can also be implemented on any other embedded microcontroller system.
Proactive Data Reporting of Wireless sensor Network using Wake Up Scheduling ...ijsrd.com
In Wireless Sensor Network (WSNs), gather the data by using mobile sinks has become popular. Reduce the number of messages which is used for sink location broadcasting, efficient energy data forwarding, become accustomed to unknown earthly changes are achieved by a protocol which is projected by a SinkTrail. The forecast of mobile sinks’ location are done by using logical coordinate system. When sensor nodes don’t have any data to send, at that time they switch to sleep mode to save the energy and to increase the network lifetime. And due to this reason there is a chance of the involvement of nodes that are in sleeping state between the path sources to the mobile sink which is selected by the SinkTrail protocol. Before become the fully functional and process the information, these sleeping nodes can drop the some information. Due to this reason, it is vital to wake-up the sleeping nodes on the path earlier than the sender can start transferring of sensed data. In this paper, on-demand wake-up scheduling algorithm is projected which is used to activates sleeping node on the path before data delivery. Here, in this work the multi-hop communication in WSN also considers. By incorporating wake-up scheduling algorithm to perk up the dependability and improve the performance of on-demand data forwarding extends the SinkTrail solution in our work. This projected algorithm improves the quality of service of the network by dishonesty of data or reducing the loss due to sleeping nodes. The efficiency and the effectiveness projected solution are proved by the evaluation results.
Clustering provides an effective method for
extending the lifetime of a wireless sensor network. Current
clustering methods selecting cluster heads with more residual
energy, and rotating cluster heads periodically to distribute the
energy consumption among nodes in each cluster. However,
they rarely consider the hot spot problem in multi hop sensor
networks. When cluster heads forward their data to the base
station, the cluster heads closer to the base station are heavily
burdened with traffic and tend to die much faster. To mitigate
the hot spot problem, we propose a Novel Energy Efficient
Unequal Clustering Routing (NEEUC) protocol. It uses residual
energy and groupsthe nodesinto clusters of unequal layers
Simulation Time and Energy Test for Topology Construction Protocol in Wireles...ijeei-iaes
Coverage area and energy consumption are very big challenges in the field of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) as it affects the number of sensors, connectivity and network. Since the sensors are operating on battery of limited power, it is a challenging aim to design an energy efficient Topology Control protocol, which can minimize the energy and thereby extend the lifetime of the network. Through this paper an attempt has been made in terms of simulation time and spent energy in construction of topology in the sensor network by comparing Just Tree and K-neigh Tree protocols. The result shows that K-neigh Tree protocol consumes less energy than Just Tree protocol.
Energy Efficient Techniques for Data aggregation and collection in WSNIJCSEA Journal
A multidisciplinary research area such as wireless sensor networks (WSN) have been invoked the monitoring of remote physical environment and are used for a wide range of applications ranging from defense personnel to many scientific research, statistical application, disaster area and War Zone. These networks are constraint with energy, memory and computing power enhance efficient techniques are needed for data aggregation, data collection, query processing, decision making and routing in sensor networks. The problem encountered in the recent past was of the more battery power consumption as activity increases, need more efficient data aggregation and collection techniques with right decision making capabilities. Therefore, this paper proposed the efficient and effective architecture and mechanism of energy efficient techniques for data aggregation and collection in WSN using principles like global weight calculation of nodes, data collection for cluster head and data aggregation techniques using data cube aggregation.
Data aggregation in important issue in WSN’s. Because with the help of data aggregation; we are
reduce energy consumption in the network. In the Ad-hoc sensor network have the most challenging task
is to maintain a life time of the node. due to efficient data aggregation increase the life of the network. In
this paper, we are going to provide the information about the type of the network and which data
aggregation algorithm is best. In big scale sensor network, energy economical, data collection and query
distribution in most important.
Keywords — data aggregation; wireless sensor network
Cluster Head Selection Techniques for Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networ...ijsrd.com
Wireless sensor networks are widely considered as one of the most important technologies. The Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a wireless network consisting of ten to thousand small nodes with sensing, computing and wireless communication capabilities. They have been applied to numerous fields such as healthcare, monitoring system, military, and so forth. Recent advances in wireless sensor networks have led to many new protocols specifically designed for sensor networks where energy awareness is an essential consideration. Energy efficiency is thus a primary issue in maintaining the network. Innovative techniques that improve energy efficiency to prolong the network lifetime are highly required. Clustering is an effective topology control approach in wireless sensor networks. This paper elaborates several techniques like LEACH, HEED, LEACH-B, PEACH, EEUC of cluster head selection for energy efficient in wireless sensor networks.
Abstract— In this paper we are going to develop of a new energy efficient communication scheme for wireless sensor network (WSN) which is based on the gray code technique. Gray code technique simultaneously saves energy at both the transmitter as well as receiver because time required for the transmission of is minimum. Wireless sensor networks typically require low cost devices and low power operations. We propose a new energy efficient communication scheme for wireless sensor networks that is based on the ternary number system encoding of data.0 and 1 bit values are known as energy based transmission scheme. In wireless sensor network it is very difficult to charge or replace the usable batteries. So, to maximize node or network life span is very important. Thus energy efficient communication is main objective of WSN. This energy efficient communication technique can be used in many sectors such as remote healthcare, wireless sensor network for agricultures, industrial process monitoring and environmental monitoring.
SENSOR SELECTION SCHEME IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS: A NEW ROUTING APPROACHcsandit
In this paper, we propose a novel energy efficient environment monitoring scheme for wireless
sensor networks, based on data mining formulation. The proposed adapting routing scheme for
sensors for achieving energy efficiency. The experimental validation of the proposed approach
using publicly available Intel Berkeley lab Wireless Sensor Network dataset shows that it is
possible to achieve energy efficient environment monitoring for wireless sensor networks, with a
trade-off between accuracy and life time extension factor of sensors, using the proposed
approach.
A Novel Multi- Viewpoint based Similarity Measure for Document ClusteringIJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
Optimal Converge cast Methods for Tree- Based WSNsIJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Energy-Efficient Compressive Data Gathering Utilizing Virtual Multi-Input Mul...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Data gathering is an attractive operation for obtaining information in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). But one of important challenges is to minimize energy consumption of networks. In this paper, an integration of distributed compressive sensing (CS) and virtual multi-input multi-output (vMIMO) in WSNs is proposed to significantly decrease the data gathering cost. The scheme first constructs a distributed data compression model based on low density parity check-like (LDPC-like) codes. Then a cluster-based dynamic virtual MIMO transmission protocol is proposed. The number of clusters, number of cooperative nodes and the constellation size are determined by a new established optimization model under the restrictions of compression model. Finally, simulation results show that the scheme can reduce the data gathering cost and prolong the sensor network’s lifetime in a reliable guarantee of sensory data recovery quality.
As Wireless Sensor Networks are penetrating into the industrial domain, many research opportunities are emerging. One such essential and challenging application is that of node localization. A feed-forward neural network based methodology is adopted in this paper. The Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) values of the anchor node beacons are used. The number of anchor nodes and their configurations has an impact on the accuracy of the localization system, which is also addressed in this paper. Five different training algorithms are evaluated to find the training algorithm that gives the best result. The multi-layer Perceptron (MLP) neural network model was trained using Matlab. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed method in real time, the model obtained was then implemented on the Arduino microcontroller. With four anchor nodes, an average 2D localization error of 0.2953 m has been achieved with a 12-12-2 neural network structure. The proposed method can also be implemented on any other embedded microcontroller system.
Proactive Data Reporting of Wireless sensor Network using Wake Up Scheduling ...ijsrd.com
In Wireless Sensor Network (WSNs), gather the data by using mobile sinks has become popular. Reduce the number of messages which is used for sink location broadcasting, efficient energy data forwarding, become accustomed to unknown earthly changes are achieved by a protocol which is projected by a SinkTrail. The forecast of mobile sinks’ location are done by using logical coordinate system. When sensor nodes don’t have any data to send, at that time they switch to sleep mode to save the energy and to increase the network lifetime. And due to this reason there is a chance of the involvement of nodes that are in sleeping state between the path sources to the mobile sink which is selected by the SinkTrail protocol. Before become the fully functional and process the information, these sleeping nodes can drop the some information. Due to this reason, it is vital to wake-up the sleeping nodes on the path earlier than the sender can start transferring of sensed data. In this paper, on-demand wake-up scheduling algorithm is projected which is used to activates sleeping node on the path before data delivery. Here, in this work the multi-hop communication in WSN also considers. By incorporating wake-up scheduling algorithm to perk up the dependability and improve the performance of on-demand data forwarding extends the SinkTrail solution in our work. This projected algorithm improves the quality of service of the network by dishonesty of data or reducing the loss due to sleeping nodes. The efficiency and the effectiveness projected solution are proved by the evaluation results.
Clustering provides an effective method for
extending the lifetime of a wireless sensor network. Current
clustering methods selecting cluster heads with more residual
energy, and rotating cluster heads periodically to distribute the
energy consumption among nodes in each cluster. However,
they rarely consider the hot spot problem in multi hop sensor
networks. When cluster heads forward their data to the base
station, the cluster heads closer to the base station are heavily
burdened with traffic and tend to die much faster. To mitigate
the hot spot problem, we propose a Novel Energy Efficient
Unequal Clustering Routing (NEEUC) protocol. It uses residual
energy and groupsthe nodesinto clusters of unequal layers
Simulation Time and Energy Test for Topology Construction Protocol in Wireles...ijeei-iaes
Coverage area and energy consumption are very big challenges in the field of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) as it affects the number of sensors, connectivity and network. Since the sensors are operating on battery of limited power, it is a challenging aim to design an energy efficient Topology Control protocol, which can minimize the energy and thereby extend the lifetime of the network. Through this paper an attempt has been made in terms of simulation time and spent energy in construction of topology in the sensor network by comparing Just Tree and K-neigh Tree protocols. The result shows that K-neigh Tree protocol consumes less energy than Just Tree protocol.
Energy Efficient Techniques for Data aggregation and collection in WSNIJCSEA Journal
A multidisciplinary research area such as wireless sensor networks (WSN) have been invoked the monitoring of remote physical environment and are used for a wide range of applications ranging from defense personnel to many scientific research, statistical application, disaster area and War Zone. These networks are constraint with energy, memory and computing power enhance efficient techniques are needed for data aggregation, data collection, query processing, decision making and routing in sensor networks. The problem encountered in the recent past was of the more battery power consumption as activity increases, need more efficient data aggregation and collection techniques with right decision making capabilities. Therefore, this paper proposed the efficient and effective architecture and mechanism of energy efficient techniques for data aggregation and collection in WSN using principles like global weight calculation of nodes, data collection for cluster head and data aggregation techniques using data cube aggregation.
Data aggregation in important issue in WSN’s. Because with the help of data aggregation; we are
reduce energy consumption in the network. In the Ad-hoc sensor network have the most challenging task
is to maintain a life time of the node. due to efficient data aggregation increase the life of the network. In
this paper, we are going to provide the information about the type of the network and which data
aggregation algorithm is best. In big scale sensor network, energy economical, data collection and query
distribution in most important.
Keywords — data aggregation; wireless sensor network
Cluster Head Selection Techniques for Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networ...ijsrd.com
Wireless sensor networks are widely considered as one of the most important technologies. The Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a wireless network consisting of ten to thousand small nodes with sensing, computing and wireless communication capabilities. They have been applied to numerous fields such as healthcare, monitoring system, military, and so forth. Recent advances in wireless sensor networks have led to many new protocols specifically designed for sensor networks where energy awareness is an essential consideration. Energy efficiency is thus a primary issue in maintaining the network. Innovative techniques that improve energy efficiency to prolong the network lifetime are highly required. Clustering is an effective topology control approach in wireless sensor networks. This paper elaborates several techniques like LEACH, HEED, LEACH-B, PEACH, EEUC of cluster head selection for energy efficient in wireless sensor networks.
Abstract— In this paper we are going to develop of a new energy efficient communication scheme for wireless sensor network (WSN) which is based on the gray code technique. Gray code technique simultaneously saves energy at both the transmitter as well as receiver because time required for the transmission of is minimum. Wireless sensor networks typically require low cost devices and low power operations. We propose a new energy efficient communication scheme for wireless sensor networks that is based on the ternary number system encoding of data.0 and 1 bit values are known as energy based transmission scheme. In wireless sensor network it is very difficult to charge or replace the usable batteries. So, to maximize node or network life span is very important. Thus energy efficient communication is main objective of WSN. This energy efficient communication technique can be used in many sectors such as remote healthcare, wireless sensor network for agricultures, industrial process monitoring and environmental monitoring.
SENSOR SELECTION SCHEME IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS: A NEW ROUTING APPROACHcsandit
In this paper, we propose a novel energy efficient environment monitoring scheme for wireless
sensor networks, based on data mining formulation. The proposed adapting routing scheme for
sensors for achieving energy efficiency. The experimental validation of the proposed approach
using publicly available Intel Berkeley lab Wireless Sensor Network dataset shows that it is
possible to achieve energy efficient environment monitoring for wireless sensor networks, with a
trade-off between accuracy and life time extension factor of sensors, using the proposed
approach.
A Novel Multi- Viewpoint based Similarity Measure for Document ClusteringIJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
Evaluation of Tensile and Flexural Properties of Polymer Matrix CompositesIJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
Now knowledge pre-processing, model and reasoning issues, power metrics, quality
issues, post-processing of discovered structures, visualization, and on-line change is best challenge.
In this paper Neural Network based forecasting of stock prices of selected sectors under Bombay
Stock Exchange show that neural networks have the power to predict prices albeit the volatility in the
markets[9]. The motivation for the development of neural network technology stemmed from the
desire to develop an artificial system that could perform “intelligent" tasks similar to those performed
by the human brain. Artificial Neural Networks are being counted as the wave of the future in
computing. They are indeed self-learning mechanisms which don’t require the traditional skills of a
programmer. Back propagation is one of the approaches to implement concept of neural networks.
Back propagation is a form of supervised learning for multi-layer nets. Error data at the output layer
is back propagated to earlier ones, allowing incoming weights to these layers to be updated. It is most
often used as training algorithm in current neural network applications. In this paper, we apply data
mining technology to stock market in order to research the trend of price; it aims to predict the future
trend of the stock market and the fluctuation of price. This paper points out the shortage that exists in
current traditional statistical analysis in the stock, then makes use of BP neural network algorithm to
predict the stock market by establishing a three-tier structure of the neural network, namely input
layer, hidden layer and output layer. Finally, we get a better predictive model to improve forecast
accuracy
Fitting Probability Distribution Functions To Discharge Variability Of Kaduna...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
Web search engines help users find useful information on the WWW. However, when the same
query is submitted by different users, typical search engines return the same result regardless of who
submitted the query. Generally, each user has different information needs for his/her query. Therefore,
the search results should be adapted to users with different information needs. So, there is need of
several approaches to adapting search results according to each user’s need for relevant information
without any user effort. Such search systems that adapt to each user’s preferences can be achieved by
constructing user profiles based on modified collaborative filtering with detailed analysis of user’s
browsing history.
There are three possible types of web search system which can provide personalized
information: (1) systems using relevance feedback, (2) systems in which users register their interest, and
(3) systems that recommend information based on user’s history. In first technique, users have to provide
feedback on relevant or irrelevant judgments which is time consuming and the second one needs
registration of users with their static interests which need extra effort from user. So, the third technique
is best in which users don’t have to give explicit rating; relevancy automatically tracked by user
behavior with search results and history of data usage. It doesn’t require registration of interests; it
captures changing interests of user dynamically by itself. The result section shows that user’s browsing
history allows each user to perform more fine-grained search by capturing changes of each user’s
preferences without any user effort. Users need less time to find the relevant snippet in personalized
search results compared to original results
Εργασία των μαθητριών Αναστασίας Τσαγκαρίδου και Χαράς Χατζηαθανασίου στο πλαίσιο του περιβαλλοντικού προγράμματος " Η αειφόρος κοινωνία αναπτύσσεται στην κινηματογραφική λέσχη cinelans"
Σχολικό έτος 2016-17, 1ο Λύκειο Νέας Σμύρνης Λ.Α.Ν.Σ
Receiver Module of Smart power monitoring and metering distribution system u...IJMER
In the current situation all the communication is very much important and faster range but
the usage of the power should be less in order to reduce the power and the usage of the sources we are
going for this data transmission through the power lines which is common and much feasible since
power line is used at all homes. In this paper we have concentrated much in the receiver module where
the receiver receives the data through the power lines through which we can know the readings of
amount of usage of power at each homes and also the power theft if it occurs anywhere.by this way we
no need to generate any particular infrastructure for transmitting an d receiving instead we can use the
power line itself.This is the work done in NLC,TAMILNADU india which is very less explained in this
paper.
A Novel Data mining Technique to Discover Patterns from Huge Text CorpusIJMER
Today, we have far more information than we can handle: from business transactions and scientific
data, to satellite pictures, text reports and military intelligence. Information retrieval is simply not enough
anymore for decision-making. Confronted with huge collections of data, we have now created new needs to
help us make better managerial choices. These needs are automatic summarization of data, extraction of the
"essence" of information stored, and the discovery of patterns in raw data. With this, Data mining with
inventory pattern came into existence and got popularized. Data mining finds these patterns and relationships
using data analysis tools and techniques to build models.
Distributed processing of probabilistic top k queries in wireless sensor netw...IEEEFINALYEARPROJECTS
To Get any Project for CSE, IT ECE, EEE Contact Me @ 09849539085, 09966235788 or mail us - ieeefinalsemprojects@gmail.co¬m-Visit Our Website: www.finalyearprojects.org
JAVA 2013 IEEE DATAMINING PROJECT Distributed processing of probabilistic top...IEEEGLOBALSOFTTECHNOLOGIES
To Get any Project for CSE, IT ECE, EEE Contact Me @ 09849539085, 09966235788 or mail us - ieeefinalsemprojects@gmail.com-Visit Our Website: www.finalyearprojects.org
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
An Ant colony optimization algorithm to solve the broken link problem in wire...IJERA Editor
Aco is a well –known metahuristic in which a colony of artificial ants cooperates in explain Good solution to a combinational optimization problem. Wireless sensor consisting of nodes with limited power is deployed to gather useful information From the field. In wireless sensor network it is critical to collect the information in an energy efficient Manner.ant colony optimization, a swarm intelligence based optimization technique, is widely used In network routing. A novel routing approach using an ant colony optimization algorithm is proposed for wireless sensor Network consisting of stable nodes illustrative example details description and cooperative performance test result the proposed approach are included. The approach is also implementing to a small sized hardware component as a router chip simulation result show that proposed algorithm Provides promising solution allowing node designers to efficiency operate routing tasks.
Data gathering in wireless sensor networks using intermediate nodesIJCNCJournal
Energy consumption is an essential concern to Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs).The major cause of the energy consumption in WSNs is due to the data aggregation. A data aggregation is a process of collecting data from sensor nodes and transmitting these data to the sink node or base station. An effective way to perform such a task is accomplished by using clustering. In clustering, nodes are grouped into clusters where a number of nodes, called cluster heads, are responsible for gathering data from other nodes, aggregate them and transmit them to the Base Station (BS).
In this paper we produce a new algorithm which focused on reducing the transmission bath between sensor nodes and cluster heads. A proper utilization and reserving of the available power resources is achieved with this technique compared to the well-known LEACH_C algorithm.
Improvising Network life time of Wireless sensor networks using mobile data a...Editor IJCATR
Energy consumption becomes a primary concern in a Wireless Sensor Network. To pursue high energy saving at sensor
nodes, a mobile collector should traverse the transmission range of each sensor in the field such that each data packet can be directly
transmitted to the mobile collector without any relay.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
Based on Heterogeneity and Electing Probability of Nodes Improvement in LEACHijsrd.com
In heterogeneous sensor networks, certain nodes become cluster heads which aggregate the data of their cluster nodes and transfer it to the sink. An Improved Energy leach protocol for cluster head selection in a hierarchically clustered heterogeneous network to reorganize the network topology efficiently is proposed in this research work. The proposed algorithm will use thresholding to improve the cluster head selection. The presented algorithm considers the sensor nodes in wireless network and randomly distributed in the heterogeneous network. The coordinates of the sink and the dimensions of the sensor field are known in prior.
Wireless sensor networks (WSN) have been widely used in various applications.
In these networks nodes collect data from the attached sensors and send their data to a base
station. However, nodes in WSN have limited power supply in form of battery so the nodes
are expected to minimize energy consumption in order to maximize the lifetime of WSN. A
number of techniques have been proposed in the literature to reduce the energy
consumption significantly. In this paper, we propose a new clustering based technique
which is a modification of the popular LEACH algorithm. In this technique, first cluster
heads are elected using the improved LEACH algorithm as usual, and then a cluster of
nodes is formed based on the distance between node and cluster head. Finally, data from
node is transferred to cluster head. Cluster heads forward data, after applying aggregation,
to the cluster head that is closer to it than sink in forward direction or directly to the sink.
This reduction in distance travelled improves the performance over LEACH algorithm
significantly.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
International Journal of Advanced Smart Sensor Network Systems ( IJASSN )ijassn
With the availability of low cost, short range sensor technology along with advances in wireless networking, sensor networks has become a hot topic of discussion. The International Journal of Advanced Smart Sensor Network Systems is an open access peer-reviewed journal which focuses on applied research and applications of sensor networks. While sensor networks provide ample opportunities to provide various services, its effective deployment in large scale is still challenging due to various factors. This journal provides a forum that impacts the development of high performance computing solutions to problems arising due to the complexities of sensor network systems. It also acts as a path to exchange novel ideas about impacts of sensor networks research.
Coverage and Connectivity Aware Neural Network Based Energy Efficient Routing...graphhoc
There are many challenges when designing and deploying wireless sensor networks (WSNs). One of the key challenges is how to make full use of the limited energy to prolong the lifetime of the network, because energy is a valuable resource in WSNs. The status of energy consumption should be continuously monitored after network deployment. In this paper, we propose coverage and connectivity aware neural network based energy efficient routing in WSN with the objective of maximizing the network lifetime. In the proposed scheme, the problem is formulated as linear programming (LP) with coverage and connectivity aware constraints. Cluster head selection is proposed using adaptive learning in neural networks followed by coverage and connectivity aware routing with data transmission. The proposed scheme is compared with existing schemes with respect to the parameters such as number of alive nodes, packet delivery fraction, and node residual energy. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme can be used in wide area of applications in WSNs.
Wireless sensor networks, clustering, Energy efficient protocols, Particles S...IJMIT JOURNAL
Wireless sensor networks (WSN) is composed of a large number of small nodes with limited functionality.
The most important issue in this type of networks is energy constraints. In this area several researches have
been done from which clustering is one of the most effective solutions. The goal of clustering is to divide
network into sections each of which has a cluster head (CH). The task of cluster heads collection, data
aggregation and transmission to the base station is undertaken. In this paper, we introduce a new approach
for clustering sensor networks based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm using the optimal
fitness function, which aims to extend network lifetime. The parameters used in this algorithm are residual
energy density, the distance from the base station, intra-cluster distance from the cluster head. Simulation
results show that the proposed method is more effective compared to protocols such as (LEACH, CHEF,
PSO-MV) in terms of network lifetime and energy consumption.
Similar to An Efficient top- k Query Processing in Distributed Wireless Sensor Networks (20)
A Study on Translucent Concrete Product and Its Properties by Using Optical F...IJMER
- Translucent concrete is a concrete based material with light-transferring properties,
obtained due to embedded light optical elements like Optical fibers used in concrete. Light is conducted
through the concrete from one end to the other. This results into a certain light pattern on the other
surface, depending on the fiber structure. Optical fibers transmit light so effectively that there is
virtually no loss of light conducted through the fibers. This paper deals with the modeling of such
translucent or transparent concrete blocks and panel and their usage and also the advantages it brings
in the field. The main purpose is to use sunlight as a light source to reduce the power consumption of
illumination and to use the optical fiber to sense the stress of structures and also use this concrete as an
architectural purpose of the building
Developing Cost Effective Automation for Cotton Seed DelintingIJMER
A low cost automation system for removal of lint from cottonseed is to be designed and
developed. The setup consists of stainless steel drum with stirrer in which cottonseeds having lint is mixed
with concentrated sulphuric acid. So lint will get burn. This lint free cottonseed treated with lime water to
neutralize acidic nature. After water washing this cottonseeds are used for agriculter purpose
Study & Testing Of Bio-Composite Material Based On Munja FibreIJMER
The incorporation of natural fibres such as munja fiber composites has gained
increasing applications both in many areas of Engineering and Technology. The aim of this study is to
evaluate mechanical properties such as flexural and tensile properties of reinforced epoxy composites.
This is mainly due to their applicable benefits as they are light weight and offer low cost compared to
synthetic fibre composites. Munja fibres recently have been a substitute material in many weight-critical
applications in areas such as aerospace, automotive and other high demanding industrial sectors. In
this study, natural munja fibre composites and munja/fibreglass hybrid composites were fabricated by a
combination of hand lay-up and cold-press methods. A new variety in munja fibre is the present work
the main aim of the work is to extract the neat fibre and is characterized for its flexural characteristics.
The composites are fabricated by reinforcing untreated and treated fibre and are tested for their
mechanical, properties strictly as per ASTM procedures.
Hybrid Engine (Stirling Engine + IC Engine + Electric Motor)IJMER
Hybrid engine is a combination of Stirling engine, IC engine and Electric motor. All these 3 are
connected together to a single shaft. The power source of the Stirling engine will be a Solar Panel. The aim of
this is to run the automobile using a Hybrid engine
Fabrication & Characterization of Bio Composite Materials Based On Sunnhemp F...IJMER
The present day technology demands eco-friendly developments. In this era the
composite material are playing a vital roal in different field of Engineering .The composite materials
are using as a principle materials. Nowaday the composite materials are utilizing as a important
component of engineering field .Where as the importance of the applications of composites is well
known, but thrust on the use of natural fibres in it for reinforcement has been given priority for some
times. But changing from synthetic fibres to natural fibres provides only half green-composites. A
partial green composite will be achieved if the matrix component is also eco-friendly. Keeping this in
view, a detailed literature surveyed has been carried out through various issues of the Journals
related to this field. The material systems used are sunnhemp fibres. Some epoxy and hardener has
been also added for stability and drying of the bio-composites. Various graphs and bar-charts are
super-imposed on each other for comparison among themselves and Graphs is plotted on MAT LAB
and ORIGIN 6.0 software. To determining tensile strengths, Various properties for different biocomposites
have been compared among themselves. Comparison of the behaviour of bio-composites of
this work has been also compare with other works. The bio-composites developed in this work are
likely to get applications in fall ceilings, partitions, bio-degradable packagings, automotive interiors,
sports things (e.g. rackets, nets, etc.), toys etc.
Geochemistry and Genesis of Kammatturu Iron Ores of Devagiri Formation, Sandu...IJMER
The Greenstone belts of Karnataka are enriched in BIFs in Dharwar craton, where Iron
formations are confined to the basin shelf, clearly separated from the deeper-water iron formation that
accumulated at the basin margin and flanking the marine basin. Geochemical data procured in terms of
major, trace and REE are plotted in various diagrams to interpret the genesis of BIFs. Al2O3, Fe2O3 (T),
TiO2, CaO, and SiO2 abundances and ratios show a wide variation. Ni, Co, Zr, Sc, V, Rb, Sr, U, Th,
ΣREE, La, Ce and Eu anomalies and their binary relationships indicate that wherever the terrigenous
component has increased, the concentration of elements of felsic such as Zr and Hf has gone up. Elevated
concentrations of Ni, Co and Sc are contributed by chlorite and other components characteristic of basic
volcanic debris. The data suggest that these formations were generated by chemical and clastic
sedimentary processes on a shallow shelf. During transgression, chemical precipitation took place at the
sediment-water interface, whereas at the time of regression. Iron ore formed with sedimentary structures
and textures in Kammatturu area, in a setting where the water column was oxygenated.
Experimental Investigation on Characteristic Study of the Carbon Steel C45 in...IJMER
In this paper, the mechanical characteristics of C45 medium carbon steel are investigated
under various working conditions. The main characteristic to be studied on this paper is impact toughness
of the material with different configurations and the experiment were carried out on charpy impact testing
equipment. This study reveals the ability of the material to absorb energy up to failure for various
specimen configurations under different heat treated conditions and the corresponding results were
compared with the analysis outcome
Non linear analysis of Robot Gun Support Structure using Equivalent Dynamic A...IJMER
Robot guns are being increasingly employed in automotive manufacturing to replace
risky jobs and also to increase productivity. Using a single robot for a single operation proves to be
expensive. Hence for cost optimization, multiple guns are mounted on a single robot and multiple
operations are performed. Robot Gun structure is an efficient way in which multiple welds can be done
simultaneously. However mounting several weld guns on a single structure induces a variety of
dynamic loads, especially during movement of the robot arm as it maneuvers to reach the weld
locations. The primary idea employed in this paper, is to model those dynamic loads as equivalent G
force loads in FEA. This approach will be on the conservative side, and will be saving time and
subsequently cost efficient. The approach of the paper is towards creating a standard operating
procedure when it comes to analysis of such structures, with emphasis on deploying various technical
aspects of FEA such as Non Linear Geometry, Multipoint Constraint Contact Algorithm, Multizone
meshing .
Static Analysis of Go-Kart Chassis by Analytical and Solid Works SimulationIJMER
This paper aims to do modelling, simulation and performing the static analysis of a go
kart chassis consisting of Circular beams. Modelling, simulations and analysis are performed using 3-D
modelling software i.e. Solid Works and ANSYS according to the rulebook provided by Indian Society of
New Era Engineers (ISNEE) for National Go Kart Championship (NGKC-14).The maximum deflection is
determined by performing static analysis. Computed results are then compared to analytical calculation,
where it is found that the location of maximum deflection agrees well with theoretical approximation but
varies on magnitude aspect.
In récent year various vehicle introduced in market but due to limitation in
carbon émission and BS Séries limitd speed availability vehicle in the market and causing of
environnent pollution over few year There is need to decrease dependancy on fuel vehicle.
bicycle is to be modified for optional in the future To implement new technique using change in
pedal assembly and variable speed gearbox such as planetary gear optimise speed of vehicle
with variable speed ratio.To increase the efficiency of bicycle for confortable drive and to
reduce torque appli éd on bicycle. we introduced epicyclic gear box in which transmission done
throgh Chain Drive (i.e. Sprocket )to rear wheel with help of Epicyclical gear Box to give
number of différent Speed during driving.To reduce torque requirent in the cycle with change in
the pedal mechanism
Integration of Struts & Spring & Hibernate for Enterprise ApplicationsIJMER
The proposal of this paper is to present Spring Framework which is widely used in
developing enterprise applications. Considering the current state where applications are developed using
the EJB model, Spring Framework assert that ordinary java beans(POJO) can be utilize with minimal
modifications. This modular framework can be used to develop the application faster and can reduce
complexity. This paper will highlight the design overview of Spring Framework along with its features that
have made the framework useful. The integration of multiple frameworks for an E-commerce system has
also been addressed in this paper. This paper also proposes structure for a website based on integration of
Spring, Hibernate and Struts Framework.
Microcontroller Based Automatic Sprinkler Irrigation SystemIJMER
Microcontroller based Automatic Sprinkler System is a new concept of using
intelligence power of embedded technology in the sprinkler irrigation work. Designed system replaces
the conventional manual work involved in sprinkler irrigation to automatic process. Using this system a
farmer is protected against adverse inhuman weather conditions, tedious work of changing over of
sprinkler water pipe lines & risk of accident due to high pressure in the water pipe line. Overall
sprinkler irrigation work is transformed in to a comfortableautomatic work. This system provides
flexibility & accuracy in respect of time set for the operation of a sprinkler water pipe lines. In present
work the author has designed and developed an automatic sprinkler irrigation system which is
controlled and monitored by a microcontroller interfaced with solenoid valves.
On some locally closed sets and spaces in Ideal Topological SpacesIJMER
In this paper we introduce and characterize some new generalized locally closed sets
known as
δ
ˆ
s-locally closed sets and spaces are known as
δ
ˆ
s-normal space and
δ
ˆ
s-connected space and
discussed some of their properties
Intrusion Detection and Forensics based on decision tree and Association rule...IJMER
This paper present an approach based on the combination of, two techniques using
decision tree and Association rule mining for Probe attack detection. This approach proves to be
better than the traditional approach of generating rules for fuzzy expert system by clustering methods.
Association rule mining for selecting the best attributes together and decision tree for identifying the
best parameters together to create the rules for fuzzy expert system. After that rules for fuzzy expert
system are generated using association rule mining and decision trees. Decision trees is generated for
dataset and to find the basic parameters for creating the membership functions of fuzzy inference
system. Membership functions are generated for the probe attack. Based on these rules we have
created the fuzzy inference system that is used as an input to neuro-fuzzy system. Fuzzy inference
system is loaded to neuro-fuzzy toolbox as an input and the final ANFIS structure is generated for
outcome of neuro-fuzzy approach. The experiments and evaluations of the proposed method were
done with NSL-KDD intrusion detection dataset. As the experimental results, the proposed approach
based on the combination of, two techniques using decision tree and Association rule mining
efficiently detected probe attacks. Experimental results shows better results for detecting intrusions as
compared to others existing methods
Natural Language Ambiguity and its Effect on Machine LearningIJMER
"Natural language processing" here refers to the use and ability of systems to process
sentences in a natural language such as English, rather than in a specialized artificial computer
language such as C++. The systems of real interest here are digital computers of the type we think of as
personal computers and mainframes. Of course humans can process natural languages, but for us the
question is whether digital computers can or ever will process natural languages. We have tried to
explore in depth and break down the types of ambiguities persistent throughout the natural languages
and provide an answer to the question “How it affects the machine translation process and thereby
machine learning as whole?” .
Today in era of software industry there is no perfect software framework available for
analysis and software development. Currently there are enormous number of software development
process exists which can be implemented to stabilize the process of developing a software system. But no
perfect system is recognized till yet which can help software developers for opting of best software
development process. This paper present the framework of skillful system combined with Likert scale. With
the help of Likert scale we define a rule based model and delegate some mass score to every process and
develop one tool name as MuxSet which will help the software developers to select an appropriate
development process that may enhance the probability of system success.
Material Parameter and Effect of Thermal Load on Functionally Graded CylindersIJMER
The present study investigates the creep in a thick-walled composite cylinders made
up of aluminum/aluminum alloy matrix and reinforced with silicon carbide particles. The distribution
of SiCp is assumed to be either uniform or decreasing linearly from the inner to the outer radius of
the cylinder. The creep behavior of the cylinder has been described by threshold stress based creep
law with a stress exponent of 5. The composite cylinders are subjected to internal pressure which is
applied gradually and steady state condition of stress is assumed. The creep parameters required to
be used in creep law, are extracted by conducting regression analysis on the available experimental
results. The mathematical models have been developed to describe steady state creep in the composite
cylinder by using von-Mises criterion. Regression analysis is used to obtain the creep parameters
required in the study. The basic equilibrium equation of the cylinder and other constitutive equations
have been solved to obtain creep stresses in the cylinder. The effect of varying particle size, particle
content and temperature on the stresses in the composite cylinder has been analyzed. The study
revealed that the stress distributions in the cylinder do not vary significantly for various combinations
of particle size, particle content and operating temperature except for slight variation observed for
varying particle content. Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs) emerged and led to the development
of superior heat resistant materials.
Energy Audit is the systematic process for finding out the energy conservation
opportunities in industrial processes. The project carried out studies on various energy conservation
measures application in areas like lighting, motors, compressors, transformer, ventilation system etc.
In this investigation, studied the technical aspects of the various measures along with its cost benefit
analysis.
Investigation found that major areas of energy conservation are-
1. Energy efficient lighting schemes.
2. Use of electronic ballast instead of copper ballast.
3. Use of wind ventilators for ventilation.
4. Use of VFD for compressor.
5. Transparent roofing sheets to reduce energy consumption.
So Energy Audit is the only perfect & analyzed way of meeting the Industrial Energy Conservation.
An Implementation of I2C Slave Interface using Verilog HDLIJMER
The focus of this paper is on implementation of Inter Integrated Circuit (I2C) protocol
following slave module for no data loss. In this paper, the principle and the operation of I2C bus protocol
will be introduced. It follows the I2C specification to provide device addressing, read/write operation and
an acknowledgement. The programmable nature of device provide users with the flexibility of configuring
the I2C slave device to any legal slave address to avoid the slave address collision on an I2C bus with
multiple slave devices. This paper demonstrates how I2C Master controller transmits and receives data to
and from the Slave with proper synchronization.
The module is designed in Verilog and simulated in ModelSim. The design is also synthesized in Xilinx
XST 14.1. This module acts as a slave for the microprocessor which can be customized for no data loss.
Discrete Model of Two Predators competing for One PreyIJMER
This paper investigates the dynamical behavior of a discrete model of one prey two
predator systems. The equilibrium points and their stability are analyzed. Time series plots are obtained
for different sets of parameter values. Also bifurcation diagrams are plotted to show dynamical behavior
of the system in selected range of growth parameter
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
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Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
An Efficient top- k Query Processing in Distributed Wireless Sensor Networks
1. International
OPEN ACCESS Journal
Of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER)
| IJMER | ISSN: 2249–6645 | www.ijmer.com | Vol. 4 | Iss.9| Sept. 2014 | 41|
An Efficient top- k Query Processing in Distributed Wireless Sensor Networks Shaik Shabeena1, K Suresh Babu2 1 M. Tech (CSE), Vasireddy Venkatadri Institute of Technology, Guntur, A.P., India. 2Assoc. Professor, Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering, Vasireddy Venkatadri Institute of Technology, Guntur, A.P., India
I. INTRODUCTION
A wireless Sensor Network (WSN) consists of number of nodes that is used in different applications such as military, health care, commerce, etc. Usually a sensor node is used for sensing precision to monitor environmental conditions. This will be varies in sensing precision. Every sensor node will be varying in the sensing quality. So, whatever the values i.e. raw sensor readings that are collected from sensor is of data uncertainty and energy consumption. In order to remove the data uncertainty many approaches has been used, but that gives inefficient results. A data uncertainty is removed by placing more sensor nodes and as well as by calculating the probability i.e. aggregate probability. In many application domains, top-k query is a fundamental query to search for the most important objects according to the object ranking. Being different from those studies of top- k query in the centralized databases, in this paper we focus on the top-k query optimization in resource-constrained wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Technological advances have enabled the deployment of the large-scale sensor networks consisting of thousands of inexpensive sensor nodes in an ad-hoc fashion for a variety of environmental monitoring and surveillance purposes. During this course, a large volume of sensed data are needed to be aggregated within the sensor network to respond to user queries. The WSN thus is treated as a virtual database by the database community [1]. However, query processing in sensor networks is essentially different from it in traditional databases due to the unique characteristics imposed on sensors, e.g., slow processing capability, limited storage, and energy-limited batteries, etc. [2], which can be seen from several aspects. Firstly, to prolong network lifetime, the energy consumption is an optimization objective in sensor networks, because the battery-powered sensor nodes will quickly become inoperative due to the large quantity of energy consumption, and the network lifetime is closely tied to the energy consumption rate of the sensors. Secondly, a WSN that senses the data periodically can be viewed as a distributed stream system [3]. However, this special distributed stream system is different from the general distributed stream system because it is more expensive to obtain the sensed information from the sensors far away from the base station than those nearby. Finally, for query processing in sensor networks, minimizing not only the total energy consumption but also the maximum energy consumption among the sensors is the optimization objective. Hence, how to evaluate queries effectively and efficiently in sensor networks poses great challenges.
Abstract: Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are usually defined as large-scale, ad-hoc, multi-hop and wireless unpartitioned networks of homogeneous, small, static nodes deployed in an area of interest. Applications of sensor networks include monitoring volcano activity, building structures or natural habitat monitoring. In this paper, we present the problem of processing probabilistic top-k queries in a distributed wireless sensor networks. The basic problem in top-k query processing is that, a single method cannot be used as a solution to the problem of top-k query processing because there are many types of top-k query processing. The method has to be based on the situation, the classification and the type of database and the query model. Here we develop three algorithms, namely, sufficient set-based (SSB), necessary set-based (NSB), and boundary-based (BB), for inter- cluster query processing with bounded rounds of communications. Moreover, in responding to dynamic changes of data distribution in the overall network, we develop an adaptive algorithm that dynamically switches among the three proposed algorithms to minimize the transmission cost.
Keywords: BB, NSB, SSB, Top- k query, WSN.
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II. RELATED WORK
In recent years, many works have been done. Here we review representative work in the areas of 1) top-k Query processing in WSNs, and 2) top-k query processing on the uncertain data. An extensive number of research works in this area has appeared in the literature [4], [5], [6]. Due to the limited energy budget available at sensors, the primary issue is how to develop energy-efficient methods to reduce communication and energy costs in the networks. TAG [4] is one of the first studies in this research area. By exploring the semantics of aggregate operators (e.g., sum, avg, and top-k), in-network processing approach is adopted to suppress the redundant data transmissions in wireless sensor networks. Moreover, continuous top-k queries for sensor networks have been studied in [7] and [8]. In addition, a distributed threshold join algorithm has been developed for the top- k queries [5]. These studies, considering no uncertain data, have a different focus from our present study. For uncertain databases, two interesting top-k definitions (i.e., U-Topk and U-kRanks) and like methods are proposed [9]. U-Topk returns a list of k- tuples that has the highest probability to be in the top-k list over all possible worlds. U-k- Ranks returns a list of k tuples such that the ith record has the highest probability to be the ith best record in all possible worlds. In [10], PT-Topk query, which returns the set of the tuples with a probability of at least p to be in the top-k lists in the possible worlds, is studied. Inspired by the concept of dominate set in the top-k query, a method which avoids unfolding all possible worlds is given. Besides, a sampling method is developed to quickly compute an approximation with quality guarantee to the answer set by drawing a small sample of the uncertain data. In [11], the expected rank of each tuple across all possible worlds serves as the ranking function for finding the final result. In [12], U-Topk and U-kRank queries are improved by exploiting their stop conditions. In [13], all existing top-k semantics have been unified by using some generating functions. Recently, a study on processing top-k queries over a distributed uncertain database is reported in [14].
III. PROPOSED WORK
1. Sufficient and Necessary sets In this section We introduce the notion of sufficient set and necessary set for distributed processing of probabilistic top-k queries in cluster-based wireless sensor networks. These two concepts have very nice properties and can facilitate localized data pruning in clusters. Given an uncertain data set Ti in the cluster Ci, if there exists a tuple tsb€Ti (called sufficient boundary) such that the tuples ranked lower than tsb are useless for the query processing at the base station, then the sufficient set of Ti, denoted as S(T), is a subset of Ti as specified below: S(Ti)={t|t=ftsbort<ftsb} where f is a given scoring function for ranking. Note that a sufficient boundary may not exist for a given data set. Given a local data set Ti in the cluster Ci, assume that Ai is the set of locally known candidate tuples for the final answer and tnb (called necessary boundary) is the lowest ranked tuple in Ai. The necessary set of Ti, denoted as N(Ti), is N(Ti)= {t|t€ Ti, t <f <tnb} Using the notion of sufficient and necessary sets as a basis, we propose 3 distributed algorithms for processing probabilistic top-k queries in wireless sensor networks, namely 1) Sufficient Set-based method; 2) Necessary Set-based method; and 3) Boundary-based method. 2. Sufficient Set-Based (SSB) Algorithm After collecting data tuples from its cluster, ci computes the S(Ti) from the locally collected tuples and sends it to the base station. If a sufficient set cannot be obtained, then all the tuples are transmitted to the base station. After receiving the transmitted data tuples from all the cluster heads, they compute final answer. Algorithm 1: SSB ALGORITHM AT CLUSTER HEAD (ci):
1. if SB(Ti) exits
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S(Ti) ← {x|x ≤ f SB(Ti) Λ x Є Ti } Yi ← S(Ti) Else Yi ← Ti
2. Now, Yi is delivered to the base station.
AT BASESTATION: 1. It receive the tuples Yi from the cluster head.(1 ≤ i ≤ N) 2.T′ ← U1≤ i≤N Yi Where, x is the tuples ci is the cluster head S(Ti) is the sufficient set Ti is the records collected from the sensor N is the number of clusters in the zone Ci is the cluster Yi is the sufficient boundary for SSB. Tʹ is the aggregation of data sets received from the clusters 3. Necessary Set-Based (NSB) Algorithm After receiving all the necessary sets, the received tuples are merged into a table in a base station and finds the necessary boundary called the global boundary (GB)). If GB is ranked higher than the highest ranked necessary boundary, all the necessary data have delivered to the base station. Otherwise, it entering the second phase, it sends the GB back to the ci, which return the supplementary data tuples ranked between its local necessary boundary and GB. Then, the base station computes the final answer. Algorithm 2: NSB ALGORITHM AT CLUSTER HEAD: 1.Compute the necessary boundary NB(Ti), N(Ti) ← {x|x ≤ f NB(Ti) Λ x Є Ti } 2. Deliver N(Ti) to the base station 3.if cluster head receive GB from the base station then N′(Ti) ←{ x|x ≤f GB Λ x Є [Ti - N(Ti)]} Now, N′(Ti) is send to the base station. end if AT BASESTATION: 1. It receives the tuples N (Ti) from the cluster head. (1 ≤ i ≤ N) T′ ← U1 ≤ i ≤ N N(Ti) 2. Now, it will calculate the global boundary. 3. if global boundary GB is less than that of NB(Ti), then It calculate the final necessary boundary else It will broadcast GB to ci and once again it collects necessary tuples T′ ← U1≤ i ≤ N N′(Ti) end if Where, x is the tuples ci is the cluster head N(Ti) is the necessary set NB(Ti) is the necessary boundary Ti is the records collected from the sensor N is the number of clusters in the zone T′ is the aggregation of data sets received from the clusters 4. Boundary-Based (BB) Algorithm The boundary-based method first delivers the local knowledge in clusters, in the form of NB and SB, to the base station in order to provide a refined global data pruning among clusters. It is done instead of directly delivering data tuples to the base station.
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Algorithm 3: BB Algorithm AT CLUSTER HEAD: 1. Calculate the Necessary Boundary (NB) and Sufficient Boundary (SB) and send it to the base station. 2. Base station receive Global Boundary (GB) 3. Yi ← { x|x ≤f GB x Є [Ti - N(Ti)]} 4. Now, Yi is delivered to the base station. AT BASESTATION: 1. It will receive the NB and SB from cluster heads (ci), 2. Now, base station computes the (Sufficient Boundaryhigh and Necessary Boundarylow ). 3. if SBhigh < NBlow , then SBhigh →GB else NBlow → GB end if 4.Now, broadcast the global boundary to each Ci T ′ ← U1≤ i ≤ N Y(Ti) Where, x is the tuple ci is the cluster head S(Ti) is the sufficient set N(Ti) is the necessary set Ti is the records collected from the sensor N is the number of clusters in the zone Yi is the sufficient boundary for SSB T′ is the aggregation of data sets received from the clusters 5. Cost Analysis We perform a cost analysis on data transmission of the three proposed methods by using adaptive algorithm. Adaptive Algorithm: The performance of the data transmission using proposed method is affected by factors such as the skewness of data distribution among clusters which may change continuously over time. A cost-based adaptive algorithm that is used dynamically Sufficient Set Based, Necessary Set Based, and Boundary Based as the data distribution within the network changes. Algorithm 4: Adaptive Algorithm Count=0 ; ZSSB , ZNSB , ZBB =0 Where R is varied window size. Then estimate the cost of CSSB, CNSB, CBB ZSSB ← ZSSB + CSSB ZNSB ← ZNSB + CNSB ZBB ← ZBB + CBB if count ≥ R then if ZSSB = min{ ZSSB , ZNSB , ZBB} then switch to SSB end if if ZNSB = min{ ZSSB , ZNSB , ZBB} then switch to NSB end if if ZBB = min{ ZSSB , ZNSB , ZBB} then switch to SSB end if end if
IV. CONCLUSION
Motivated by many applications, top-k query is a fundamental operation in the modern database systems. Technological advances have enabled the deployment of several large-scale sensor networks for environmental monitoring and surveillance purposes, efficient processing of top-k query in such networks poses great challenges due to the unique characteristics of sensor nodes and a vast amount of data generated by sensor networks. This work supports in-network top-k query process over uncertain data in the distributed wireless sensor network. We develop the notion of the sufficient set and necessary set for efficient in-network
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pruning of uncertain data in a distributed setting. This notion, along with its nice properties, provides a theoretical basis for the distributed query processing methods. Based on the notion of sufficient sets and necessary sets, we propose a suite of algorithms for in-network processing of PT-Topk queries in a two-tier hierarchical sensor network. These methods exploit individual and combined strengths of sufficient and necessary sets in query processing. We propose a cost-based adaptive algorithm that dynamically switches among the three proposed algorithms based on their estimated costs.
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