Multiple exposure photography involves superimposing two or more photographs to create a single image. It can be done using analogue cameras by opening the shutter multiple times to expose the film more than once, or digitally by merging images together using editing software. Light writing uses a light source like a fiber optic pen to draw images in a completely dark environment that are then captured with a camera. High speed photography freezes or records very fast moving objects or processes using specialized cameras capable of framing rates of hundreds to millions of frames per second. Post production techniques for these methods may include changing colors, opacity, adding effects, sharpening, or cropping images.

1. Further Techniques
Aby Jones

2. Multiple Exposures
Definition: Multiple exposure photography is the
superimposition (an object being placed over something, in this
case a photograph over a photograph) of two or more,
depending on what type of end product you desire, exposures
which creates one single image – double exposure is just two
images merged together to create one, this image is a double
exposure image.
Methods:
Analogue: Basically, the camera shutter is opened more than
once, exposing the film multiple times – this results in the
second image superimposing the first image – it creates images
that have a ghost like quality to them.
Automatic Winding Cameras: As soon as the picture is taken,
the film is usually wound to the next frame – advances
automatic winding cameras have an option for multiple
exposures and manual winding cameras have a multiple
exposure feature, after the first exposure it can then be set to
double.
Digital: Digital photography now, enables images to be merged
together/superimposed by using editing software such as:
Adobe Photoshop or GIMP. Using this means the opacity of an
image can be altered and can then be overlaid over another –
SLR cameras also allow multiple exposures.

3. Multiple Exposures
Equipment: Digital: A tripod (if necessary), a DSLR camera, a
camera lens for example: Canon 35mm f/1.4L or Canon 50mm
f/1.2L, adobe lightroom (will help), Adobe Photoshop etc.
Historical, contemporary, traditional: SLR camera, tripod, SLR
Camera film, possible white back drop.
Subjects: Depending on the desired end result, a model or a
few models may be involved, certain objects such as: tree’s,
flowers, any landscape and animals could be used to create
photographs – even just the human body, artists such as
Christoffer Relander used this to his advantage.
Post Production: Sometimes, instead of using a DSLR camera or
a film camera to create the final image, photographs can be
edited on Photoshop or GIMP – this could include overlapping
layers, changing the opacity, adding an effect on to it such as:
dodge and burn, use filters, levels and so on – sometimes,
because a camera automatically creates this image, it means
that only adding filters, extra effects or even cropping part of
the image happens.

4. Light Writing
Light Writing is achieved through a DSLR camera, it’s also achieved
in a variety of locations, not just a standard studio, it is most
successful when the room/location is pitch black and there is no
trace of any surrounding light sources, this creates the best result.
Method: The usual method for Light Writing is drawing an image
using a fiber optic light pen (this is not the only source of light that
can be used), making sure not to shine the light directly in to the
camera as it would create a twinkle sort of effect (could potentially
ruin the image), it’s not recommended to keep going over the design
with this pen as it makes it have a messy looking end result, ensuring
the location/studio/room is completely pitch black until the picture
is taken gives the best results also, it’s a simple process that can take
the form of writing or shapes i.e. people, animals, a random image
and so on.
Equipment: It’s not just the Fiber Optic Light Pen that can be utilized
as a light source, there is also: LED Flash Lights, candles, matches,
fireworks i.e. sparklers. Other equipment includes: tripod, flash (if
needed), a DSLR camera with shutter speed priority and ensure you
have a dark room or a location with absolutely no light sources.
 Fiber Optic Light Pen

5. Light Writing
Subjects: A city or landscape would be a potential subject for this
type of technique, a dark room or a studio, anywhere dark with little
or no lighting. Models could also be a subject for this particular
technique as they can be what the light is drawn around to make a
silhouette etc.
Post Production: There is quite a lot of post production work when it
comes to the Light Writing technique, it’s used in film making where
the designer may be required to add more light to the cover of a
DVD and so on, however, it can be quite basic such as: colour
change, adding, taking away or replacing a background, changing the
opacity of an image/certain aspects, enhancing the light effects and
so on.

6. High Speed Photography
High Speed Photography: This is ‘taking pictures of a very fast
phenomena’ – it is defined as ‘any set of photographs captured by
a camera capable of 128 framed per second or greater, and of at
least three consecutive frames’ – it’s also considered the opposite
of time-lapse photography. There are two different explanations
defining what high speed photography is, this includes: a
photograph is taken in such a way that it appears to freeze the
motion and reduce motion blur, to give the effect that the object is
stuck in time, like the first picture on the Left.
The second: a sries of photographs are taken at a ‘high sampling
frequency or frame rate’ to achieve a photographic sequence – like
Eadweard Muybridge’s example:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-speed_photography
Method: The idea is to capture something in motion, for example:
coffee blown out of a straw, a droplet of water after dropping an
object and creating a splash, a bullet going through a vase and so
on, this means capturing multiple images during this particular
process in order to find the best one that shows the object as if it is
stuck in motion – or in time. This requires quick reflexes and a
particular type of camera.

7. High Speed Photography
Equipment: There are 3 different types of cameras that can be used
for this type of photography, these are:
Itermittent Motion Cameras: sped up version of a standard motion
picture camera, it uses a sewing machine type mechanism which
advances the film to a fixed exposure point behind the lens, it’s
capable of hundreds of frames per second.
Rotating Prism Cameras: Pull a long reel of film past an exposure
point continuously, uses a rotating prism between the lens and the
film to create motion, a rotating prism camera is capable of
thousands of frames per second.
Rotating Mirror Cameras: Relay the image through a rotating
mirror to an arc of film, they can only work in a ‘burst mode’ – a
rotating mirror camera is capable of millions of frames per second.
You would also need a tripod, to avoid camera shake, props such
as: the apple, possibly a studio depending on what type of
photograph is desired and artificial lighting, also depending on
what type of photograph is desired.
Subjects: An object to focus on, something that the photographer
wants to capture in motion, it can be anything – a water droplet, a
leaf falling off a tree, a bullet going through an object, an apple
falling in to water and so on, maybe even a model.

8. High Speed Photography
Post Production Techniques: The most you could do for these types of
images is, sharpen or blur certain aspects of the photograph, such as blur
the background, sharpen the main object of the photograph. Dodging
and burning is also another technique that can be utilized, even cropping
parts of the image out that isn’t needed or draws too much attention or it
could mean attempting to use traditional methods to get a certain effect.