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Fungi cell wall composition and nutrition
- 1. Topic- Cell wallComposition and Nutrition of fungi Msc I Sem .(Botany)
- 2. Introduction Characterof Fungi Cell wall composition Nutrition Economic importance of fungi
- 3. The word‘fungus’ has been taken from Latin,which means mushroom. The study of fungi is called Mycology. Their plant body consists mostly of a thallus, made of Hyphae, Which together constitute Mycelium. The Scientist who is concerned with fungi is called Mycologist. At present, about 5,100 genera and more than 50,000 species of fungi are known. They grow in a variety of habitiats and show much diversity in their form, structure , physiological processes and methods of Reprodction.
- 4. There arecosmopolitan in distribution and can occur in any habitat where life is possible. Some fungi occur in fresh or marine water other are terrestrial and still others are air borne. Many species are parasitic, infecting plants, animals and human beings. The plant body of fungi typically consists of branch and filamentous Hyphae, which form are net-like structure, known as Mycelium. The hyphae are asepotate and coenocytic or septate and uninucleate and multinucleate. Fungi are entirely devoid of chlorophyll but carotenoids are Normally present. The hyphae are homo or heterokaryotic haploid ,dikaryotic or diploid. It is heterotrophic organism . It is unicellular . Lack of chlorophyll hense it can not photosynthesize.
- 5. The cellwall made up of : 1.Chitin It is N-acetyl glucosamine is a polymer of derived from glucose. It is polysaccharide . 2.Glucan Polymers of glucose . It is polysaccharide.
- 6. Saprophytes these fungiare grow on rotten organic –rotten fruits,vegetables ,pickles jams etc. Ex.- Mucor, Rhizopus, penicillium and Aspergillus. Parasite These fungi are found on living hosts from which they obtain their Nutrition. These types of fungi are very harmful and cause various types of diseases in plants. These fungi can be divided into the following types- a. Obligate parasite - These fungi spend there lives on living Nutrient only and attack only living host . Ex.-cytopus,puccinia etc. b. Facultative parasite Some parasitic fungi usually spend there lives on living hosts, but when necessary, they spend their lives as saprophytes for some time. Ex :- Taphrina, deformans, etc.
- 7. c. Facultative Saprophytes– Some parasitic fungi spend there lives as saprophytes but due to circumstances, these fungi starts living like parasites on a suitable host. Ex :- Pythium, Fusarium, etc. Parasite fungi absorb there food from host through haustoria Symbiotic Some fungi live with higher plants from which both organisms benefit, thus The life of a organism is called symbiosis and the fungi found in it are called symbionts. Fig . Appressorium in host cell Fig . Haustorium in host cell
- 8. food- About2000 species of fungi are directly or indirectly used as food in different countries of the World Ex : - agaricus silvicola, Morchella concina. As medicinal – Important medicine producing fungi are as follows a. Vitamin producing fungi :- many fungi are rich in Vitamin it contain vitamin B- complex b. Production of antibiotic :- fungi produce different kinds of antibiotics which are used in the treatment of different diseases Ex :- Penicillin-pencillium notatwm Nitrogen fixation – Many fungus like Rhodotorula increase the soil fertility by nitrogen fixation In industry – a. In bakery industry : yeast are use in bakery to produce spongy breads wine-yeast Chemicals-Aspergillus Niger Cheese -Penicillium Roqueforti
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