1. Aspergillus is a genus of fungi that belongs to the division Ascomycota. It is known as a black mold that can grow on decaying vegetables, fruits, and other organic matter. 2. Aspergillus reproduces both sexually and asexually. Sexual reproduction involves the formation of ascocarps containing asci and ascospores. Asexual reproduction occurs through the formation of asexual spores called conidia on conidiophores. 3. Aspergillus can have both positive and negative economic impacts. Positively, some species can produce organic acids and antibiotics. However, it can also spoil food and cause plant diseases negatively. Overall,

1. GOVT. SUKHRAM NAGE
COLLEGE NAGRI
DIST. DHAMTARI C.G.(493778)
Session 2023-24
Paper III –Microbiology,
Phycology,and Mycology
Topic-Ascomycotina

2. Content
• Introduction
• CLASSIFICATION
• General character
• Member of ascomycotina-Aspergillos
• Classification
• Habitat
• Character
• Vegetative Structure
• Reproduction
• Fertilization
• Development of asci
• Gormation of ascospores
• Economic importance
• Life cycle
• Conclusion
• Reference

3. Introduction
• Largest sub-division and most diverse group
of higher fungi.
• Name derived from Greek word ‘Ascos’means
bladder or sac and Latin word ‘mykes’ means
fungi.
• Popularly known –sac fungi
• Morphologically diverse.
• It includes organisms from unicellular yeasts
to complex cup fungi.
• 40% of lichens have an ascomycota as the
fungal part of the lichen.

4. General character
• Unicellular or multicellular fungi
• Cell wall – chitin and glucans
• Mycelium –septate and branched
• Reproductive structure –ascus or asci
• Ascospores are produced endogenously in
asci
• Fruiting body –ascocarp
1.Cleisthothecium- fruiting body-spherical
tightly closed.e.g.Aspergillus
Fig .
Cleisthothecium

5. • Apothecium- Cup shaped and asci are
present in
hymenium,e.g.Peziza
• Perithecium - Flask shaped with external
opening,
e.g Neurospora
Fig. Apothecium of
peziza

6. Member of ascomycotina-
Aspergillus
INTRODUCTION
• About 200 species Known
• 33 species found in india
• Conidial stage of most species known
• Some species were found to have a
perfect stage.

7. CLASSIFICATION
Division - Eumycota
Sub- division - Ascomycotina
Class- Plectomycetes
order - Aspergillales
Family - Aspergillaceae
Genus- Aspergillus

8. Habitat
• On decaying vegetables and fruits
• Starchy media such as bread and rice.
• Cloths and soil
• Found as parasites in plants and
animals

9. Character
• Known as blue-green or black
mould.
• Saprophytic fungus
• Cells multinucleated
• Asexual reproduction – conidia
• Fruiting body- cleisthothecium
• Aspergillus is also regarded as
‘weed of laboratory’.because it can
grow in unwanted places.

10. Vegetative character
• Mycelium is well developed
• Slender ,tubular ,pale coloured
• Thin walled hyphae.
• Branched and septate
• Mycelium- homokaryotic and
heterokaryotic
• Cell multinucleate
• Granular cytoplasm

11. Reproduction
• Vegatative reproduction- By fragmentation
of hyphae
• Sexual reproduction is rare.
Majority of the species of aspergillus are
homothallic.
Ascogonium-
• Female sex organ
• Spiral and septate
• Densely coiled and forms
a spring -like structure
• Its apical part –archegonium or trichogyne
• Below trichogyne- ascogonium
• Basal part -stalk
Fig
Ascogonium.

12. Antheridium –
• Male sex organ
• Formed on the same or adjacent
hyphal near the ascogonium
• Development usually beings before or
immediately
after septation of ascogonium.
• Upper part – peduncle
• Lower part - Stalk

13. Asexual reproduction
• Occurs by formation of conidia
• Conidia form over conidiophore
Fig. Development of conidia
on conidiophore

14. Fertilization
• Before fertilization the stalk of the antheridium
elongates and coil
• Grow upwards in contact with the ascogonium
until the antheridium touches the trichogyne.
• This is known as gametangial copulation.
• Point os contact of antheridium with the
trichogyne disslove.
• Contents of antheridium are transferred into
ascogonium through trichogyne.
• This process is called plasmogamy.
• Content of both mix
• But the fusion of both nuclei do not take place
immediately.
• Both nuclei arrange them in pairs
• Ascogonium becomes dikaryotic.

15. Development of asci
• The ascogonium divides due to
plate formation to from many
dikaryotic cells
• From a dikaryotic cells a small
ascogenous hyphae is formed.
• The sterile cells present present
near the ascoonium hyphae from
an envelops around them
• Fruiting body from –
cleisthothecium
• Upper hyphae bend and form a
hook-like structure called-
crozier.
• Both nuclei divide and from four
nuclei
• Penultimate cell from
• Form a ascus mother cell.
Development
of ascus

16. Formation of ascospores
• The diploid nuclei present inside ascus
from 8 haploid nuclei by meiotic
division
• Later mitotic division
• Protoplasm collect around nuclei and
from a wall
• In this way they get converted into
ascospores.

17. Economic importance
• Positive impacts
• production of organic acid like
gluconic acid,citric acid by A.niger and
A. fumaricvus
• production of antibiotics
• Production of amylase
Negative impacts
• spoli food and vegetables
• Disesase of plants

18. Life cycle

19. Conclusion
• Aspergillus is a black mold .
• There is a both advantages and
disadvantages of asperilus that
cause a huge ecological impact by
imposing postive and negative
effects.

20. Reference
Rastogi p.c. singh pandey jain