The document discusses the fundamentals of computers. It defines a computer as an electronic data processing machine that accepts input, processes it, and provides the output. It describes the basic components of a computer system including the input unit, memory unit, CPU, control unit, and output unit. The CPU contains the ALU for arithmetic and logical operations and the control unit for timing and coordination. The document provides examples of hardware, software programs, and how they work together in a computer system.

1. Subject : Computer Fundamentals and
Programming in C
Topic : Fundamentals of Computers
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2. Objective
On completion of this period, you would be able
to learn
 Organization of a Digital Computer
 Components of a computer
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3. Prerequisites
What is a computer?
Computer is an electronic data processing
machine
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4. Computer ? (Cont..)
 An electronic device
 which accepts input, processes it, and gives the
result as output
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5. Operations of a Computer ?
Accepts the input data
 Processes the data
Produces the information as output
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6. COMPUTER SYSTEM
monitor
monitor
Keyboar
Keyboar
dd
mous
mous
ee
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7. A Complete Computer System consists of:
Hardware - Physical components of a
computer.
Software - Set of programs.
Data - Set of facts.
User - A person who works on a
computer.
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8. HARDWARE
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9. Software (C – Program):
1 /* Gioe.c
2 Class average program with
3 counter-controlled repetition */
4 #include <stdio.h>
5
6 int main()
7 {
8 int counter, grade, total, average;
9
10 /* initialization phase */
11 total = 0;
12 counter = 1;
13
14 /* processing phase */
15 while ( counter <= 10 ) {
16 printf( "Enter grade: " );
17 scanf( "%d", &grade );
18 total = total + grade;
19 counter = counter + 1;
20 }
21
22 /* termination phase */
23 average = total / 10;
24 printf( "Class average is %dn", average );
25
26 return 0; /* indicate program ended successfully */ 9
27 }

10. Components of computer system
 Input unit
 Memory unit
 ALU (Arithmetic & Logical Unit)
 Control unit
 Output unit
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11. Block diagram of a digital computer
SECONDARY MEMORY
SECONDARY MEMORY
(BACKING STORAGE))
(BACKING STORAGE
INPUT UNIT
INPUT UNIT MEMORY UNIT
MEMORY UNIT OUTPUT UNIT
OUTPUT UNIT
CONTROL UNIT
CONTROL UNIT ALU
ALU
CPU
CPU
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12. COMPONENTS (Cont..)
INPUT UNIT
Device, which accepts the program & data
from user
OUTPUT UNIT
Device, which shows results in desired form.
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13.  MEMORY UNIT
Stores programs, data (input, output) and
intermediate results temporarily.
 CPU (Central Processing Unit)
ALU (ARITHMETIC & LOGICAL UNIT)
CU (CONTROL UNIT)
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14. CPU (Central Processing Unit)
 CPU is the heart and brain of the computer.
 Combination of ALU & CU.
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15. ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit)
It performs two types of operations
 Arithmetic Operations
 Logical Operations
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16. Control Unit
 Responsible for coordination and cooperation
of various parts of a computer system
 Provides timing & control signals
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17. Summary
What is a computer?
Organization of a computer
Components of a computer
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18. Questions
1. What is a Computer?
2. Explain the block diagram of a digital
Computer with a neat diagram?
3. List the different components of a computer &
explain?
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19. Quiz
1. A Computer is called as ?
a) Electronic Machine
b) Mechanical Machine
c) Electromechanical Machine
d) Electrical Machine
Answer: a
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20. Quiz (Contd..)
2. Brain of computer.
a. Input Unit
b. Control Unit
c. CPU
d. Output Unit
Answer: c
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21. 3. The meaningful form of data is called
a. instruction
b. data
c. information
d. all the above
Answer: c
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22. Assignment
With the help of your lecturer, try to identity
different parts of a computer system and try to
understand the working of the system
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