Fundamentals of Erosive Wear.pdf
•
0 likes•97 views
This document summarizes fundamentals of erosive wear. It defines erosive wear as degradation of material due to impact of particles travelling at significant velocity. Examples include damage to gas turbines from dust and wear of slurry pump impellers. Erosive wear mechanisms include plastic deformation and surface fatigue depending on particle speed. Types are solid particle, liquid impact, and cavitation erosion. Erosive wear rate is affected by impingement angle, particle properties like shape, hardness and size, and flux rate. Erosion can also occur with corrosion in erosive-corrosion.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Download to read offline
Recommended
Wear ppt
Wear is the process of material removal from solid surfaces that are in contact with each other due to sliding or rolling motion. It occurs on the surface of a component as a result of its motion relative to an adjacent working part and depends on factors like surface geometry, applied load, velocities, environment, and material properties. The main types of wear processes are abrasive wear, adhesive wear, surface fatigue, and erosive wear. Abrasive wear occurs when a harder surface rubs against a softer one.
Forms of corrosion
A presentation giving the classification of corrosion and various forms of corrosion. Basic features of these various forms re given.
Stress corrosion cracking
The document discusses stress corrosion cracking (SCC), which is the failure of metal due to the combined effect of stress and chemical attack. SCC requires a susceptible metal, a specific corrosive environment, and an applied tensile stress. An example is given of the 1974 Flixborough explosion in the UK caused by SCC in mild steel exposed to hot nitrate solution under stress. SCC can initiate and propagate cracks without visible corrosion and cause sudden catastrophic failure. It commonly occurs at flaws, grain boundaries, or corrosion pits. The mechanisms of SCC include both anodic dissolution due to pre-existing flaws or grain boundary precipitates, as well as rupture of protective films by plastic strain. Prevention methods include choosing non-sus
Surface treatment technologies
Surface treatment techniques play an important role in improving properties like hardness, wear and corrosion resistance. The document discusses 8 techniques:
1) Mechanical hardening uses impacts to work-harden surfaces and improve fatigue strength. Shot peening is commonly used.
2) Different coating techniques add thin layers, like case hardening which diffuses alternate elements into steel to harden surfaces.
3) Phosphate conversion coatings chemically react phosphoric acid with metal surfaces to form insoluble phosphate layers for corrosion resistance.
4) Chromate conversion coatings provide highly corrosion-resistant surfaces for aluminum.
Corrosion
This document discusses various forms of corrosion that can occur in metals. It begins by defining corrosion and explaining the factors that influence it. It then describes several specific types of corrosion: general/uniform corrosion, galvanic corrosion, crevice corrosion, pitting corrosion, intergranular corrosion, dealloying, erosion corrosion, stress corrosion, hydrogen damage including hydrogen blistering and hydrogen embrittlement. For each type of corrosion, the document discusses the mechanism and provides methods for prevention.
Corrosion control by inhibitor
Corrosion inhibitors are chemical substances that minimize or prevent corrosion when added in small concentrations to an environment. They work by forming protective films on metal surfaces or reacting with corrosive components. Inhibitors can be inorganic, like chromates and nitrites, or organic compounds. They are applied through continuous injection, batch treatment, or squeeze treatment. The efficiency of an inhibitor depends on its concentration and ability to form protective barrier films on metals. Scavengers like hydrazine and sodium sulfite are also used to remove oxygen which promotes corrosion. Inhibitors find applications in various industries like petroleum, packaging, sour gas, and cooling systems.
Metallurgy School 1: Dislocation
Explanation of dislocation theories.
Presented by: Eng. Ahmed M. El-naml. Edited By: Eng. Nouran M. El-shaer
Recommended
Wear ppt
Wear is the process of material removal from solid surfaces that are in contact with each other due to sliding or rolling motion. It occurs on the surface of a component as a result of its motion relative to an adjacent working part and depends on factors like surface geometry, applied load, velocities, environment, and material properties. The main types of wear processes are abrasive wear, adhesive wear, surface fatigue, and erosive wear. Abrasive wear occurs when a harder surface rubs against a softer one.
Forms of corrosion
A presentation giving the classification of corrosion and various forms of corrosion. Basic features of these various forms re given.
Stress corrosion cracking
The document discusses stress corrosion cracking (SCC), which is the failure of metal due to the combined effect of stress and chemical attack. SCC requires a susceptible metal, a specific corrosive environment, and an applied tensile stress. An example is given of the 1974 Flixborough explosion in the UK caused by SCC in mild steel exposed to hot nitrate solution under stress. SCC can initiate and propagate cracks without visible corrosion and cause sudden catastrophic failure. It commonly occurs at flaws, grain boundaries, or corrosion pits. The mechanisms of SCC include both anodic dissolution due to pre-existing flaws or grain boundary precipitates, as well as rupture of protective films by plastic strain. Prevention methods include choosing non-sus
Surface treatment technologies
Surface treatment techniques play an important role in improving properties like hardness, wear and corrosion resistance. The document discusses 8 techniques:
1) Mechanical hardening uses impacts to work-harden surfaces and improve fatigue strength. Shot peening is commonly used.
2) Different coating techniques add thin layers, like case hardening which diffuses alternate elements into steel to harden surfaces.
3) Phosphate conversion coatings chemically react phosphoric acid with metal surfaces to form insoluble phosphate layers for corrosion resistance.
4) Chromate conversion coatings provide highly corrosion-resistant surfaces for aluminum.
Corrosion
This document discusses various forms of corrosion that can occur in metals. It begins by defining corrosion and explaining the factors that influence it. It then describes several specific types of corrosion: general/uniform corrosion, galvanic corrosion, crevice corrosion, pitting corrosion, intergranular corrosion, dealloying, erosion corrosion, stress corrosion, hydrogen damage including hydrogen blistering and hydrogen embrittlement. For each type of corrosion, the document discusses the mechanism and provides methods for prevention.
Corrosion control by inhibitor
Corrosion inhibitors are chemical substances that minimize or prevent corrosion when added in small concentrations to an environment. They work by forming protective films on metal surfaces or reacting with corrosive components. Inhibitors can be inorganic, like chromates and nitrites, or organic compounds. They are applied through continuous injection, batch treatment, or squeeze treatment. The efficiency of an inhibitor depends on its concentration and ability to form protective barrier films on metals. Scavengers like hydrazine and sodium sulfite are also used to remove oxygen which promotes corrosion. Inhibitors find applications in various industries like petroleum, packaging, sour gas, and cooling systems.
Metallurgy School 1: Dislocation
Explanation of dislocation theories.
Presented by: Eng. Ahmed M. El-naml. Edited By: Eng. Nouran M. El-shaer
Wear and Tribology Assignment
The document discusses wear and tribology and answers several questions related to wear mechanisms, friction reduction through lubrication, static and kinetic friction, the effect of normal load on coefficient of friction, comparative wear rates of aluminum and steel, wear behaviors of thermoplastic and thermosetting polymers, and the effect of surface nitriding on steel wear behavior. Specifically, it discusses that surface nitriding of steel increases surface hardness and wear resistance through nitrogen diffusion into the steel surface. It also compares the wear mechanisms and rates of aluminum and steel samples sliding against aluminum and steel plates under dry conditions.
Erosion Corrosion
Erosion corrosion occurs when the rate of material deterioration increases due to the combined effects of corrosion and mechanical wear from fluid flow. It can occur in pipes, valves, pumps and other equipment exposed to flowing liquids or gases. The mechanism involves turbulent flow damaging protective surface films and exposing the bare metal to chemical attack. Common signs are grooves, holes and valleys in the direction of flow. Prevention methods include design modifications to reduce turbulence, removing abrasive particles from the fluid, protective coatings, cathodic protection, and using more corrosion resistant materials.
Fracture Mechanics & Failure Analysis Lecture Brittle Fracture
Fracture Mechanics & Failure Analysis Lecture Brittle Fracture NED University of Engineering and Technology
Brittle fracture occurs without plastic deformation through rapid crack propagation perpendicular to the applied tensile stress. Dislocation theories state that brittle fracture involves three stages: 1) plastic deformation from dislocation pile-up, 2) nucleation of micro-cracks from shear stress, and 3) micro-crack growth driven by stored elastic energy. Brittle fracture surfaces exhibit distinctive patterns without signs of plastic deformation, such as chevron markings in steel or fanlike ridges radiating from the crack origin. Crack propagation in brittle crystalline materials corresponds to successive breaking of atomic bonds along crystallographic planes, known as cleavage.Corrosion ppt part 1
The document discusses corrosion of metals and its various types. It defines corrosion as the deterioration of metal due to chemical reactions with the environment. Corrosion occurs via oxidation and causes metal loss. The main factors influencing corrosion are the metal composition, environmental chemicals, temperature, and design. Corrosion can be uniform, galvanic, pitting, intergranular or stress-related. Electrochemical corrosion involves the formation of anodes and cathodes on a metal surface.
Corrosion of material - Engineering Metallurgy
The PPT is on Corrosion and Degradation of Material specifically Metal and Reason Behind it. As well as the preventive measures to be taken to prevent it.
Surface Engineering for wear resistance.pptx
The document discusses surface engineering and its importance. Surface engineering aims to modify surface properties through metallurgical, mechanical, chemical, or coating methods to improve corrosion resistance, oxidation resistance, wear resistance, and other mechanical, electrical and thermal properties. This helps reduce waste of materials and prevent shutdowns from progressive wear. Key surface engineering methods mentioned include surface hardening techniques like carburizing and nitriding, as well as coating deposition methods like physical vapor deposition and chemical vapor deposition.
Friction and wear
This presentation includes friction, wear and their types in details with examples and sketches/ diagrams.
Hydrogen Embrittlement : Causes, Effects, Prevention.
This document discusses hydrogen embrittlement, which is the loss of ductility in a material caused by hydrogen absorption. It can occur in body-centered cubic and hexagonal close-packed metals when as little as 0.0001% hydrogen is absorbed. Hydrogen is introduced through processes like corrosion and welding. It causes increased strain rate sensitivity and susceptibility to delayed fracture. Several mechanisms are proposed to explain how hydrogen causes embrittlement, including hydride formation and reducing decohesion strength. Prevention techniques include reducing corrosion, using cleaner steels, baking to remove hydrogen, proper welding practices, and alloying to reduce hydrogen diffusion.
CORROSION INHIBITORS (1).pptx
Corrosion inhibitors work by forming a passive film on steel rebars to prevent corrosion, but their performance depends on numerous interrelated factors and forming this protective layer is not guaranteed. Codes do not recommend corrosion inhibitors alone for ensuring corrosion protection of steel bars in severe environments for 100+ years. While corrosion inhibitors may be suitable for small repair works due to variable concrete quality, their long-term performance is not well documented and inhibitors can leach out over time, reducing protection.
Wear
Wear occurs when two solid surfaces are in contact and sliding or rolling against each other, resulting in material removal from one or both surfaces. The main factors that affect wear are surface geometry, applied load, sliding velocity, environment, material properties, and lubricant properties. There are several types of wear processes, including abrasive, erosive, frictional, surface fatigue, delamination, and chemical wear. Abrasive wear involves harder materials rubbing against softer ones, while erosive wear is caused by particle or fluid impingement. Frictional wear involves material transfer between sliding surfaces. Surface fatigue occurs from repeated rolling and sliding contact stresses. Delamination and chemical wear remove material in thin sheets or through environmental reactions, respectively
Steel corrosion
Definitions, Major Causes of Corrosion,Other Causes of Corrosion, Forms Of Corrosion, How Does corrosion Happen ?,The Process of Corrosion (Five facts)
Measurement of Corrosion.
Corrosion Rate.
Comparison between Different metals.
Corrosion Prevention.
Corrosion monitoring.
Side effects of Prevention Methods.
Conclusion.
Corrosion Monitoring
This document discusses corrosion monitoring and crack monitoring techniques for condition monitoring of machines. It describes several common corrosion monitoring methods like weight loss, electrical resistance, linear polarization, and ultrasonic testing. It also discusses some crack monitoring methods like visual inspection and non-destructive testing techniques like penetrant testing, magnetic particle testing, and ultrasonic testing. The goal is to monitor deterioration rates and measure changes in crack width over time to assess structural integrity.
FUNDAMENTALS OF FRETTING WEAR.pptx
This document summarizes fretting wear, which is surface degradation caused by small vibrational movements between two contacting surfaces. It outlines the definition of fretting wear, describes the stages of vibrational wear including adhesion, debris generation and crack propagation, and lists some characteristics. Fretting wear occurs in multiple stages as the metallic contact leads to adhesion, oxidation and debris production, and can eventually cause cracking and component failure if the cracks propagate. The document was written by a student as part of a course assignment on fundamentals of fretting wear.
Surface engineering
This document discusses thermal spray coating processes. It describes various thermal spray methods like flame spraying, arc spraying, plasma spraying, and cold spraying. These methods create coatings through different combinations of melted or partially melted spray materials applied at high velocities. The document compares coating properties like hardness, porosity, and adhesion achieved through different spray methods. It outlines applications of thermal spray coatings for wear resistance, corrosion protection, and high temperature applications in industries like oil and gas, aerospace, and automotive.
Wear of Metals
There are many types of metallic wear that can occur. Mild adhesion involves the removal of surface films due to metal-to-metal contact and loosening during relative motion. Severe adhesion is caused by cold welding of metal surfaces under load, resulting in a strong bond similar to cold welding. Abrasion is wear caused by hard particles or surfaces rubbing against and scraping away metal. Corrosion wear gradually deteriorates unprotected metal surfaces through chemical reactions with things like acids or gases.
Fracture Mechanics & Failure Analysis: Lecture Fatigue
This document provides an introduction to fatigue, including:
- Fatigue occurs when a component is subjected to fluctuating stresses and fails at a stress lower than its static strength.
- It accounts for 90% of mechanical failures and occurs suddenly without warning.
- Three factors are needed for fatigue failure: a maximum stress, stress variation, and sufficient number of cycles.
- Fatigue testing involves subjecting specimens to cyclic stresses and recording the number of cycles until failure to generate an S-N curve.
Corrosion Testing's: OCP, LPR, and PD
The document discusses various corrosion testing techniques presented by Dr. Muhammad Ali Siddiqui of NED University of Engineering and Technology in Karachi, Pakistan. It describes open circuit potential (OCP) measurements, linear polarization resistance (LPR) testing, and potentiodynamic polarization measurements (PDMs). LPR uses the slope of the potential-current plot near corrosion potential to determine polarization resistance and corrosion rate. PDMs involve sweeping the potential from active to passive regions to obtain corrosion current, potentials, and characteristics of passive films. The document provides experimental procedures, examples, and data analysis for these electrochemical corrosion testing methods.
Degradation of Ceramics
The document discusses the degradation of ceramics, which occurs through interaction with the environment. There are physical forms of degradation, like impact and frost damage, and chemical forms, such as degradation caused by water and soluble salts. The document provides tips to prevent degradation, like proper display, storage, and handling of ceramic objects. Environmental control is important to prevent physical and chemical breakdown of ceramics over time.
Fracture Mechanics & Failure Analysis:Lecture Toughness and fracture toughness
Fracture Mechanics & Failure Analysis:Lecture Toughness and fracture toughnessNED University of Engineering and Technology
This document discusses toughness and fracture toughness testing. It defines toughness as the energy absorbed by a material until fracture. Common toughness tests include the Charpy and Izod impact tests, which measure the energy absorbed during a high-velocity impact. However, these tests do not provide data needed for designing with cracks and flaws. Fracture toughness is a better property for design, as it indicates the stress required to propagate a preexisting flaw. The document outlines fracture toughness testing methods like compact tension and single edge notch bending specimens. It also discusses factors that influence fracture toughness values like material thickness, grain orientation, and plane strain versus plane stress conditions.Strain hardening.
Mumbai University
Mechanical engineering
SEM III
Material Technology
Module 1.4
Strain Hardening:
Definition importance of strain hardening, Dislocation theory of strain hardening, Effect of strain hardening on engineering behaviour of materials, Recrystallization Annealing: stages of recrystallization annealing and factors affecting it
118CR0133_TRIBOLOGY_ASSIGNMENT.pptx
The document summarizes fundamentals of adhesive wear. It discusses various wear mechanisms including adhesive, abrasive, fatigue, impact, chemical and electrical-arc induced wear. It then focuses on adhesive wear mechanisms where adhesion occurs at asperity contacts and fragments can detach from one surface and attach to the other. It provides quantitative equations for wear volume and particle size. It also discusses effects of material structure and grain boundaries on adhesive wear and different modes of adhesive wear failure including scoring, scuffing, seizure and galling.
FRICTION.pptx
Wear occurs due to the surface damage or removal of material from two solid surfaces in relative motion. It can occur through various mechanisms including abrasive, adhesive, corrosive, fatigue, and fretting wear. A case study evaluated the wear performance of untreated and plasma nitrided AISI 316 stainless steel using a pin-on-disc tribometer under a 10N load in open air. The plasma nitriding reduced the wear rate by over 200 times due to a change in wear mechanism from abrasive to oxidative wear. Analysis of wear debris and tracks provides insights into the wear mechanisms and failure modes occurring.
More Related Content
What's hot
Wear and Tribology Assignment
The document discusses wear and tribology and answers several questions related to wear mechanisms, friction reduction through lubrication, static and kinetic friction, the effect of normal load on coefficient of friction, comparative wear rates of aluminum and steel, wear behaviors of thermoplastic and thermosetting polymers, and the effect of surface nitriding on steel wear behavior. Specifically, it discusses that surface nitriding of steel increases surface hardness and wear resistance through nitrogen diffusion into the steel surface. It also compares the wear mechanisms and rates of aluminum and steel samples sliding against aluminum and steel plates under dry conditions.
Erosion Corrosion
Erosion corrosion occurs when the rate of material deterioration increases due to the combined effects of corrosion and mechanical wear from fluid flow. It can occur in pipes, valves, pumps and other equipment exposed to flowing liquids or gases. The mechanism involves turbulent flow damaging protective surface films and exposing the bare metal to chemical attack. Common signs are grooves, holes and valleys in the direction of flow. Prevention methods include design modifications to reduce turbulence, removing abrasive particles from the fluid, protective coatings, cathodic protection, and using more corrosion resistant materials.
Fracture Mechanics & Failure Analysis Lecture Brittle Fracture
Fracture Mechanics & Failure Analysis Lecture Brittle Fracture NED University of Engineering and Technology
Brittle fracture occurs without plastic deformation through rapid crack propagation perpendicular to the applied tensile stress. Dislocation theories state that brittle fracture involves three stages: 1) plastic deformation from dislocation pile-up, 2) nucleation of micro-cracks from shear stress, and 3) micro-crack growth driven by stored elastic energy. Brittle fracture surfaces exhibit distinctive patterns without signs of plastic deformation, such as chevron markings in steel or fanlike ridges radiating from the crack origin. Crack propagation in brittle crystalline materials corresponds to successive breaking of atomic bonds along crystallographic planes, known as cleavage.Corrosion ppt part 1
The document discusses corrosion of metals and its various types. It defines corrosion as the deterioration of metal due to chemical reactions with the environment. Corrosion occurs via oxidation and causes metal loss. The main factors influencing corrosion are the metal composition, environmental chemicals, temperature, and design. Corrosion can be uniform, galvanic, pitting, intergranular or stress-related. Electrochemical corrosion involves the formation of anodes and cathodes on a metal surface.
Corrosion of material - Engineering Metallurgy
The PPT is on Corrosion and Degradation of Material specifically Metal and Reason Behind it. As well as the preventive measures to be taken to prevent it.
Surface Engineering for wear resistance.pptx
The document discusses surface engineering and its importance. Surface engineering aims to modify surface properties through metallurgical, mechanical, chemical, or coating methods to improve corrosion resistance, oxidation resistance, wear resistance, and other mechanical, electrical and thermal properties. This helps reduce waste of materials and prevent shutdowns from progressive wear. Key surface engineering methods mentioned include surface hardening techniques like carburizing and nitriding, as well as coating deposition methods like physical vapor deposition and chemical vapor deposition.
Friction and wear
This presentation includes friction, wear and their types in details with examples and sketches/ diagrams.
Hydrogen Embrittlement : Causes, Effects, Prevention.
This document discusses hydrogen embrittlement, which is the loss of ductility in a material caused by hydrogen absorption. It can occur in body-centered cubic and hexagonal close-packed metals when as little as 0.0001% hydrogen is absorbed. Hydrogen is introduced through processes like corrosion and welding. It causes increased strain rate sensitivity and susceptibility to delayed fracture. Several mechanisms are proposed to explain how hydrogen causes embrittlement, including hydride formation and reducing decohesion strength. Prevention techniques include reducing corrosion, using cleaner steels, baking to remove hydrogen, proper welding practices, and alloying to reduce hydrogen diffusion.
CORROSION INHIBITORS (1).pptx
Corrosion inhibitors work by forming a passive film on steel rebars to prevent corrosion, but their performance depends on numerous interrelated factors and forming this protective layer is not guaranteed. Codes do not recommend corrosion inhibitors alone for ensuring corrosion protection of steel bars in severe environments for 100+ years. While corrosion inhibitors may be suitable for small repair works due to variable concrete quality, their long-term performance is not well documented and inhibitors can leach out over time, reducing protection.
Wear
Wear occurs when two solid surfaces are in contact and sliding or rolling against each other, resulting in material removal from one or both surfaces. The main factors that affect wear are surface geometry, applied load, sliding velocity, environment, material properties, and lubricant properties. There are several types of wear processes, including abrasive, erosive, frictional, surface fatigue, delamination, and chemical wear. Abrasive wear involves harder materials rubbing against softer ones, while erosive wear is caused by particle or fluid impingement. Frictional wear involves material transfer between sliding surfaces. Surface fatigue occurs from repeated rolling and sliding contact stresses. Delamination and chemical wear remove material in thin sheets or through environmental reactions, respectively
Steel corrosion
Definitions, Major Causes of Corrosion,Other Causes of Corrosion, Forms Of Corrosion, How Does corrosion Happen ?,The Process of Corrosion (Five facts)
Measurement of Corrosion.
Corrosion Rate.
Comparison between Different metals.
Corrosion Prevention.
Corrosion monitoring.
Side effects of Prevention Methods.
Conclusion.
Corrosion Monitoring
This document discusses corrosion monitoring and crack monitoring techniques for condition monitoring of machines. It describes several common corrosion monitoring methods like weight loss, electrical resistance, linear polarization, and ultrasonic testing. It also discusses some crack monitoring methods like visual inspection and non-destructive testing techniques like penetrant testing, magnetic particle testing, and ultrasonic testing. The goal is to monitor deterioration rates and measure changes in crack width over time to assess structural integrity.
FUNDAMENTALS OF FRETTING WEAR.pptx
This document summarizes fretting wear, which is surface degradation caused by small vibrational movements between two contacting surfaces. It outlines the definition of fretting wear, describes the stages of vibrational wear including adhesion, debris generation and crack propagation, and lists some characteristics. Fretting wear occurs in multiple stages as the metallic contact leads to adhesion, oxidation and debris production, and can eventually cause cracking and component failure if the cracks propagate. The document was written by a student as part of a course assignment on fundamentals of fretting wear.
Surface engineering
This document discusses thermal spray coating processes. It describes various thermal spray methods like flame spraying, arc spraying, plasma spraying, and cold spraying. These methods create coatings through different combinations of melted or partially melted spray materials applied at high velocities. The document compares coating properties like hardness, porosity, and adhesion achieved through different spray methods. It outlines applications of thermal spray coatings for wear resistance, corrosion protection, and high temperature applications in industries like oil and gas, aerospace, and automotive.
Wear of Metals
There are many types of metallic wear that can occur. Mild adhesion involves the removal of surface films due to metal-to-metal contact and loosening during relative motion. Severe adhesion is caused by cold welding of metal surfaces under load, resulting in a strong bond similar to cold welding. Abrasion is wear caused by hard particles or surfaces rubbing against and scraping away metal. Corrosion wear gradually deteriorates unprotected metal surfaces through chemical reactions with things like acids or gases.
Fracture Mechanics & Failure Analysis: Lecture Fatigue
This document provides an introduction to fatigue, including:
- Fatigue occurs when a component is subjected to fluctuating stresses and fails at a stress lower than its static strength.
- It accounts for 90% of mechanical failures and occurs suddenly without warning.
- Three factors are needed for fatigue failure: a maximum stress, stress variation, and sufficient number of cycles.
- Fatigue testing involves subjecting specimens to cyclic stresses and recording the number of cycles until failure to generate an S-N curve.
Corrosion Testing's: OCP, LPR, and PD
The document discusses various corrosion testing techniques presented by Dr. Muhammad Ali Siddiqui of NED University of Engineering and Technology in Karachi, Pakistan. It describes open circuit potential (OCP) measurements, linear polarization resistance (LPR) testing, and potentiodynamic polarization measurements (PDMs). LPR uses the slope of the potential-current plot near corrosion potential to determine polarization resistance and corrosion rate. PDMs involve sweeping the potential from active to passive regions to obtain corrosion current, potentials, and characteristics of passive films. The document provides experimental procedures, examples, and data analysis for these electrochemical corrosion testing methods.
Degradation of Ceramics
The document discusses the degradation of ceramics, which occurs through interaction with the environment. There are physical forms of degradation, like impact and frost damage, and chemical forms, such as degradation caused by water and soluble salts. The document provides tips to prevent degradation, like proper display, storage, and handling of ceramic objects. Environmental control is important to prevent physical and chemical breakdown of ceramics over time.
Fracture Mechanics & Failure Analysis:Lecture Toughness and fracture toughness
Fracture Mechanics & Failure Analysis:Lecture Toughness and fracture toughnessNED University of Engineering and Technology
This document discusses toughness and fracture toughness testing. It defines toughness as the energy absorbed by a material until fracture. Common toughness tests include the Charpy and Izod impact tests, which measure the energy absorbed during a high-velocity impact. However, these tests do not provide data needed for designing with cracks and flaws. Fracture toughness is a better property for design, as it indicates the stress required to propagate a preexisting flaw. The document outlines fracture toughness testing methods like compact tension and single edge notch bending specimens. It also discusses factors that influence fracture toughness values like material thickness, grain orientation, and plane strain versus plane stress conditions.Strain hardening.
Mumbai University
Mechanical engineering
SEM III
Material Technology
Module 1.4
Strain Hardening:
Definition importance of strain hardening, Dislocation theory of strain hardening, Effect of strain hardening on engineering behaviour of materials, Recrystallization Annealing: stages of recrystallization annealing and factors affecting it
What's hot (20)
Fracture Mechanics & Failure Analysis Lecture Brittle Fracture
Fracture Mechanics & Failure Analysis Lecture Brittle Fracture
Hydrogen Embrittlement : Causes, Effects, Prevention.
Hydrogen Embrittlement : Causes, Effects, Prevention.
Fracture Mechanics & Failure Analysis: Lecture Fatigue
Fracture Mechanics & Failure Analysis: Lecture Fatigue
Fracture Mechanics & Failure Analysis:Lecture Toughness and fracture toughness
Fracture Mechanics & Failure Analysis:Lecture Toughness and fracture toughness
Similar to Fundamentals of Erosive Wear.pdf
118CR0133_TRIBOLOGY_ASSIGNMENT.pptx
The document summarizes fundamentals of adhesive wear. It discusses various wear mechanisms including adhesive, abrasive, fatigue, impact, chemical and electrical-arc induced wear. It then focuses on adhesive wear mechanisms where adhesion occurs at asperity contacts and fragments can detach from one surface and attach to the other. It provides quantitative equations for wear volume and particle size. It also discusses effects of material structure and grain boundaries on adhesive wear and different modes of adhesive wear failure including scoring, scuffing, seizure and galling.
FRICTION.pptx
Wear occurs due to the surface damage or removal of material from two solid surfaces in relative motion. It can occur through various mechanisms including abrasive, adhesive, corrosive, fatigue, and fretting wear. A case study evaluated the wear performance of untreated and plasma nitrided AISI 316 stainless steel using a pin-on-disc tribometer under a 10N load in open air. The plasma nitriding reduced the wear rate by over 200 times due to a change in wear mechanism from abrasive to oxidative wear. Analysis of wear debris and tracks provides insights into the wear mechanisms and failure modes occurring.
Fundamentals of Tribochemical wear.pptx
Tribochemical wear occurs due to chemical reactions between contacting surfaces that are accelerated by friction and heat. It is a complex wear mechanism that involves both mechanical and chemical processes. Flash temperatures generated during sliding can significantly increase reaction kinetics and lead to oxidation. Tribochemical wear can produce both protective surface layers that reduce wear, as well as abrasive debris. Effective ways to prevent tribochemical wear include using lubricants, hard coatings like DLC that form protective layers, and increasing the hardness of materials.
Industrial-Tribology-PPT-1.pdf
Tribology is the study of friction, wear, and lubrication between interacting surfaces. There are several types of wear including adhesive wear, abrasive wear, surface fatigue, and fretting wear. Adhesive wear occurs due to direct contact and plastic deformation between surfaces, while abrasive wear involves hard particles forcing against and moving along a softer surface. Lubrication reduces wear by interposing a lubricant between surfaces to help carry the load. Different lubrication regimes exist including fluid film, boundary, and hydrodynamic lubrication. Wear measurement techniques include using the Archard equation and analyzing wear debris and worn surface characteristics.
Stress corrosion cracking
Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) is caused by the combined action of tensile stress and a corrosive environment on susceptible alloys. Key environmental factors include temperature, pH, electrochemical potential, and solute species/concentration. Microorganisms can also influence SCC through various mechanisms like producing corrosive metabolites or destroying protective coatings. Metallurgical factors like alloy composition and microstructure also strongly impact SCC susceptibility. Common mechanisms of SCC include accelerated anodic dissolution at crack tips and hydrogen-induced cracking. Prevention methods include using resistant alloy substitutions, coatings, controlling environmental conditions, reducing residual/applied stresses, and adding corrosion inhibitors.
WEAR OF IMPACT SOCKET : A REVIEW
Wear have been identified as some of the major problem associated with failure of impact sockets. Impact sockets are rotated by impact wrenches. These wrenches are designed to deliver high torque output with minimum exertion by the user. Wear and tear of impact socket takes place because of various reasons. This paper presents an overview of wear failure problem in impact socket and looks at some recent technique of wear prevention and discusses the future development of wear resistant impact socket.
azad erossion corrosion final todat present.pptx
Erosion corrosion occurs when a metal surface experiences both chemical corrosion and mechanical wear due to fluid flow and solid particles. It results in accelerated deterioration of the metal surface compared to corrosion alone. The mechanical removal of protective surface films by fluid forces exposes fresh metal surfaces to chemical attack. Erosion corrosion appears as grooves, gullies, and holes with a directional pattern. Factors like flow velocity, turbulence, particle impingement, pH, and surface film properties affect the rate of erosion corrosion. Prevention methods include proper design to reduce turbulence, use of filters, reducing process velocity, selecting erosion-resistant alloy materials, and maintaining a protective surface film.
FUNDAMENTALS OF FRETTING WEAR.pptx
This document summarizes fretting wear, which is surface degradation caused by small vibrational movements between two contacting surfaces. It outlines the definition of fretting wear, describes the stages of vibrational wear including adhesion, debris generation and crack propagation, and lists some characteristics. Fretting wear occurs in multiple stages as the metallic contact leads to adhesion, oxidation and debris production, and can eventually cause cracking and component failure if the cracks propagate. The document was written by a student as part of a course assignment on fundamentals of fretting wear.
Fundamentals of Abrasive Wear.pptx
This document discusses fundamentals of abrasive wear. It defines wear as the undesirable removal of material from surfaces in contact. It identifies the main categories and mechanisms of wear, focusing on abrasive wear. Abrasive wear occurs when harder particles or surfaces cut or tear away softer material. The document outlines different modes of abrasive wear and factors that influence it, such as relative hardness and surface properties. It also describes testing methods used to study abrasive wear behavior between materials.
A CRITICAL REVIEW ON DIFFERENT TYPES OF WEAR OF MATERIALS
Many mechanical equipments are subjected to sliding contact in real time applications. Pumps, valves, belt drives, bearings, machinery guide ways, piston- cylinder arrangements etc. are the few important sliding components which are continuously subjected to sliding wear. Much mechanical equipment’s failure occurred due to wear related problems.
Wear of polymers
This textbook covers the wear of polymers and composites. It discusses key topics in polymer tribology including the factors that affect the friction and wear of polymers like sliding speed, temperature, load and surface roughness. It also examines the sliding mechanics of polymers such as the formation of transfer films, different wear regimes, flash temperature generation and the third body effect. Finally, it analyzes the fatigue wear of unfilled polymers under fluctuating loads and the influence of surface defects on wear. The book provides a comprehensive introduction to polymer tribology and the mechanisms that govern the wear of polymers.
Study of sliding wear rate of hot rolled steel specimen subjected to Zirconia...
Wear is nothing but loss of material by usage. In a mechanical industry mechanical components will operate
under severe load, temperature and high speeds. Under such a type of situation, when metal to metal contact take
place the surfaces that comes in contact is subjected to wear. These should be considered as a serious affair in an
industry because if the process of wear continues it can reduce service life of the component and also to the
entire mechanical system to which the component has been used. In the light of the above the present work
mainly deals with the study of wear behavior of hot rolled steel with and without zirconia coating on the contact
surface and the effect of zirconia coating with varying thickness.
Slurry erosion test rig
It is a final year project report for mechanical engineering. This report is a study on the erosion of various materials using slurry (water and silica) and various parameters which affect that.
P01226101106
This document discusses techniques for measuring wear of bulk materials and advanced surface coatings. It begins by defining wear and explaining that wear occurs even in the hardest materials through mechanisms like plastic deformation and brittle fracture. It then discusses that wear testing is important for minimizing component failure in industries. Various wear testing techniques are described, including pin-on-disc testing where a stationary pin is pressed against a rotating disc under a load to simulate different wear modes. Other techniques involve characterizing coatings through hardness testing or evaluating coatings and materials in actual machining tests on equipment. Selecting the appropriate wear test depends on factors like the contact conditions and environment being simulated.
IRJET- Effect of Particle and Target Material Characteristics on Erosion Wear...
This document summarizes research on the effect of various parameters on erosive wear of materials due to solid particle impact. It discusses that erosive wear is influenced by impact parameters like particle velocity and impingement angle, particle properties like size, hardness and density, and target material properties. It reviews studies showing that wear increases with particle velocity, typically as a power law relationship, and is highest at intermediate impingement angles for ductile materials. Particle size effects depend on velocity, with wear increasing until a saturation point. Harder particles cause more wear up to a threshold hardness. Higher particle concentrations may slightly reduce wear. The document analyzes these parameters that influence erosive wear in industrial applications like material conveying.
unit-5.pptx
The document discusses various welding defects classified into six groups: cracks, cavities, solid inclusions, incomplete fusion/penetration, imperfect shape/contour, and miscellaneous defects. It further categorizes defects into two types: visual/surface defects and hidden/subsurface defects. Various welding inspection and testing methods like tensile test, hardness test, toughness test, fatigue test, and non-destructive testing methods are described. The importance of a welding procedure specification for producing quality welds according to codes and standards is also highlighted.
Fretting phenomenon
Fretting is surface damage that occurs between two contacting surfaces experiencing small amplitude cyclic motion. It occurs when lubricant is squeezed out, resulting in metal-to-metal contact. There are three stages of fretting: initial adhesion and metal contact, oxidation and debris generation, and crack initiation. Fretting can be affected by factors like contact load, amplitude, number of cycles, temperature, and relative humidity. A case study describes fretting failure in a ball bearing for an automotive front wheel, where fretting and pitting occurred on the raceways due to vibrations during sea transportation without rotation. Prevention methods include increasing load, keeping amplitude low, using materials with protective oxides, absorbing vibration, increasing hardness, and
Zeus impactand plastics
The document discusses the impact performance of plastics. It begins by defining impact strength as a plastic's ability to withstand a rapidly applied load. It then describes how impact performance depends on temperature and loading rate, with most plastics behaving brittle at low temperatures and high loading rates, and ductile at high temperatures and low loading rates. This transition from ductile to brittle failure with changing conditions is known as the ductile-brittle transition. The document outlines common impact testing methods and explains how the test results do not always directly translate to predicting a material's impact performance in a final product.
DJJ3213 MATERIAL SCIENCE CHAPTER 3 NOTE.ppt
This document summarizes various mechanical properties and failure modes of materials. It defines physical, thermal, and mechanical properties. Thermal properties describe a material's response to heat, such as heat capacity and thermal expansion. Mechanical properties describe how a material reacts to forces and include properties like toughness, hardness, and elasticity. Failure modes like fracture, fatigue, and creep are also discussed. The document contrasts ductile and brittle failure, and describes how properties vary with temperature for different materials. It provides examples of different fracture surfaces and discusses fracture mechanics concepts.
Lubricant.pdf
Lubricants are substances introduced between two relatively moving surfaces to reduce friction and wear. There are three main mechanisms of lubrication: 1) fluid film or hydrodynamic lubrication where a thick lubricant film separates surfaces, 2) boundary lubrication where a thin adsorbed film separates surfaces under high loads/low speeds, and 3) extreme pressure lubrication where additives form protective surface films under high pressures. Lubricants are classified as liquid, semi-solid, or solid based on their physical state. Common liquid lubricants include oils from vegetable, animal, mineral and synthetic sources. Greases are semi-solid lubricants made by thickening oils with soap.
Similar to Fundamentals of Erosive Wear.pdf (20)
A CRITICAL REVIEW ON DIFFERENT TYPES OF WEAR OF MATERIALS
A CRITICAL REVIEW ON DIFFERENT TYPES OF WEAR OF MATERIALS
Study of sliding wear rate of hot rolled steel specimen subjected to Zirconia...
Study of sliding wear rate of hot rolled steel specimen subjected to Zirconia...
IRJET- Effect of Particle and Target Material Characteristics on Erosion Wear...
IRJET- Effect of Particle and Target Material Characteristics on Erosion Wear...
Recently uploaded
Digital Twins Computer Networking Paper Presentation.pptx
A Digital Twin in computer networking is a virtual representation of a physical network, used to simulate, analyze, and optimize network performance and reliability. It leverages real-time data to enhance network management, predict issues, and improve decision-making processes.
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
AI for Legal Research with applications, tools
AI applications in legal research include rapid document analysis, case law review, and statute interpretation. AI-powered tools can sift through vast legal databases to find relevant precedents and citations, enhancing research accuracy and speed. They assist in legal writing by drafting and proofreading documents. Predictive analytics help foresee case outcomes based on historical data, aiding in strategic decision-making. AI also automates routine tasks like contract review and due diligence, freeing up lawyers to focus on complex legal issues. These applications make legal research more efficient, cost-effective, and accessible.
Mechanical Engineering on AAI Summer Training Report-003.pdf
Mechanical Engineering PROJECT REPORT ON SUMMER VOCATIONAL TRAINING
AT MBB AIRPORT
Prediction of Electrical Energy Efficiency Using Information on Consumer's Ac...
Energy efficiency has been important since the latter part of the last century. The main object of this survey is to determine the energy efficiency knowledge among consumers. Two separate districts in Bangladesh are selected to conduct the survey on households and showrooms about the energy and seller also. The survey uses the data to find some regression equations from which it is easy to predict energy efficiency knowledge. The data is analyzed and calculated based on five important criteria. The initial target was to find some factors that help predict a person's energy efficiency knowledge. From the survey, it is found that the energy efficiency awareness among the people of our country is very low. Relationships between household energy use behaviors are estimated using a unique dataset of about 40 households and 20 showrooms in Bangladesh's Chapainawabganj and Bagerhat districts. Knowledge of energy consumption and energy efficiency technology options is found to be associated with household use of energy conservation practices. Household characteristics also influence household energy use behavior. Younger household cohorts are more likely to adopt energy-efficient technologies and energy conservation practices and place primary importance on energy saving for environmental reasons. Education also influences attitudes toward energy conservation in Bangladesh. Low-education households indicate they primarily save electricity for the environment while high-education households indicate they are motivated by environmental concerns.
一比一原版(uofo毕业证书)美国俄勒冈大学毕业证如何办理
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【(uofo毕业证书)美国俄勒冈大学毕业证成绩单】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
办理(uofo毕业证书)美国俄勒冈大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理(uofo毕业证书)美国俄勒冈大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理(uofo毕业证书)美国俄勒冈大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理(uofo毕业证书)美国俄勒冈大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
原版制作(Humboldt毕业证书)柏林大学毕业证学位证一模一样
原件一模一样【微信：bwp0011】《(Humboldt毕业证书)柏林大学毕业证学位证》【微信：bwp0011】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问微bwp0011
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【微bwp0011】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【微bwp0011】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
22CYT12-Unit-V-E Waste and its Management.ppt
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
学校原版美国波士顿大学毕业证学历学位证书原版一模一样
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【美国波士顿大学毕业证学历学位证书】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Data Driven Maintenance | UReason Webinar
Discover the latest insights on Data Driven Maintenance with our comprehensive webinar presentation. Learn about traditional maintenance challenges, the right approach to utilizing data, and the benefits of adopting a Data Driven Maintenance strategy. Explore real-world examples, industry best practices, and innovative solutions like FMECA and the D3M model. This presentation, led by expert Jules Oudmans, is essential for asset owners looking to optimize their maintenance processes and leverage digital technologies for improved efficiency and performance. Download now to stay ahead in the evolving maintenance landscape.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
一比一原版(爱大毕业证书)爱荷华大学毕业证如何办理
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【(爱大毕业证书)爱荷华大学毕业证成绩单】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
办理(爱大毕业证书)爱荷华大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理(爱大毕业证书)爱荷华大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理(爱大毕业证书)爱荷华大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理(爱大毕业证书)爱荷华大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
Rainfall intensity duration frequency curve statistical analysis and modeling...
Using data from 41 years in Patna’ India’ the study’s goal is to analyze the trends of how often it rains on a weekly, seasonal, and annual basis (1981−2020). First, utilizing the intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curve and the relationship by statistically analyzing rainfall’ the historical rainfall data set for Patna’ India’ during a 41 year period (1981−2020), was evaluated for its quality. Changes in the hydrologic cycle as a result of increased greenhouse gas emissions are expected to induce variations in the intensity, length, and frequency of precipitation events. One strategy to lessen vulnerability is to quantify probable changes and adapt to them. Techniques such as log-normal, normal, and Gumbel are used (EV-I). Distributions were created with durations of 1, 2, 3, 6, and 24 h and return times of 2, 5, 10, 25, and 100 years. There were also mathematical correlations discovered between rainfall and recurrence interval.
Findings: Based on findings, the Gumbel approach produced the highest intensity values, whereas the other approaches produced values that were close to each other. The data indicates that 461.9 mm of rain fell during the monsoon season’s 301st week. However, it was found that the 29th week had the greatest average rainfall, 92.6 mm. With 952.6 mm on average, the monsoon season saw the highest rainfall. Calculations revealed that the yearly rainfall averaged 1171.1 mm. Using Weibull’s method, the study was subsequently expanded to examine rainfall distribution at different recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, and 25 years. Rainfall and recurrence interval mathematical correlations were also developed. Further regression analysis revealed that short wave irrigation, wind direction, wind speed, pressure, relative humidity, and temperature all had a substantial influence on rainfall.
Originality and value: The results of the rainfall IDF curves can provide useful information to policymakers in making appropriate decisions in managing and minimizing floods in the study area.
Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdf
Historically, mechanical engineering has relied heavily on human expertise and empirical methods to solve complex problems. With the introduction of computer-aided design (CAD) and finite element analysis (FEA), the field took its first steps towards digitization. These tools allowed engineers to simulate and analyze mechanical systems with greater accuracy and efficiency. However, the sheer volume of data generated by modern engineering systems and the increasing complexity of these systems have necessitated more advanced analytical tools, paving the way for AI.
AI offers the capability to process vast amounts of data, identify patterns, and make predictions with a level of speed and accuracy unattainable by traditional methods. This has profound implications for mechanical engineering, enabling more efficient design processes, predictive maintenance strategies, and optimized manufacturing operations. AI-driven tools can learn from historical data, adapt to new information, and continuously improve their performance, making them invaluable in tackling the multifaceted challenges of modern mechanical engineering.
Recently uploaded (20)
Digital Twins Computer Networking Paper Presentation.pptx
Digital Twins Computer Networking Paper Presentation.pptx
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024
Mechanical Engineering on AAI Summer Training Report-003.pdf
Mechanical Engineering on AAI Summer Training Report-003.pdf
Prediction of Electrical Energy Efficiency Using Information on Consumer's Ac...
Prediction of Electrical Energy Efficiency Using Information on Consumer's Ac...
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...
Rainfall intensity duration frequency curve statistical analysis and modeling...
Rainfall intensity duration frequency curve statistical analysis and modeling...
Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdf
Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdf
Fundamentals of Erosive Wear.pdf
- 1. Fundamentals of Erosive Wear Submitted by MOHAMMED HILAL 118CR0767 COURSE : TRIBOLOGY OF MATERIALS (CR4102) COURSE INSTRUCTOR: DR. DEBASISH SARKAR DEPARTMENT OF CERAMIC ENGINEERING, NIT ROURKELA
- 2. Contents Wear – Introduction Types of Wear Mechanisms Erosive Wear - Definition, Mechanism Types of Erosive wear Erosion – Corrosion Effect of Impingement Angle Effect of Particle Shape, Hardness,Size and Flux Rates on Erosive Wear Rate References
- 3. Wear - Introduction Wear is a process of gradual removal of a material from surfaces of solids subject to contact and sliding. Damages of contact surfaces are results of wear. Though the removal of material from the surface is small, it leads to a reduction in operating efficiency The major factors influencing wear are :- o Variable connected with metallurgy : Hardness, Toughness, Constitution and structure, Chemical composition. o Variables connected with surface : Contacting materials, Pressure, Speed, Temperature, Other contributing factors, Lubrication, Corrosion.
- 4. Types of Wear Mechanims Adhesive Abrasive Fatigue Impact by erosion and percussion Chemical (or corrosive) Electrical-arc-induced wear.
- 5. Erosive Wear Erosive wear can be defined as degradation of material due to impact of particles travelling with significant velocity. It is caused by the impact of particles of solid or liquid against the surface of an object. Common examples include, the damage caused in gas turbines when an aircraft flies through dust clouds, and the wear of pump impellers in mineral slurry processing systems. The properties of the eroding material also becomes relevant parameter in the control of this type of wear.
- 6. Mechanism High angle of impingement is required. If the speed of erosive particle is very low, then stresses at the impact are insufficient for plastic deformation to occur and wear proceeds by surface fatigue. When speed is increased, it is possible for the eroded material to deform plastically on particle impact.
- 8. Types of Erosive Wear • Solid particle erosion: Solid particle erosion is the loss of material volume from target material due to continues impingement of solid particles present in the flowing fluid. • Liquid impact erosion: The continues striking of liquid jet on material surface cause liquid impact erosion. • Cavitations erosion: When the vapor or gas in a liquid forms cavities or bubbles that cause wear.
- 9. Erosion - Corrosion Erosion can also occur in combination with other forms of degradation, such as corrosion and is referred to as erosion-corrosion. It is a material degradation process due to the combined effect of corrosion and wear. Nearly all flowing or turbulent corrosive media can cause erosion corrosion. The mechanism can be described as follows: i. mechanical erosion of the material, or protective oxide layer on its surface ii. enhanced corrosion of the material, if the corrosion rate of the material depends on the thickness of the oxide layer. Wear is a mechanical material degradation process occurring on rubbing or impacting surfaces, while corrosion involves chemical or electrochemical reactions of the material. Corrosion may accelerate wear and wear may accelerate corrosion and hence work in combination.
- 10. Effect of Impingement Angle Impingement angles can range from 0o to 90o At zero angle, wear is negligible as eroding particles do not impact the surface, although even at relatively small impingement angles of about 20o, severe wear may occur if the particles are hard and surface is soft. Ductile Mode : Maximum erosion at low impingement angles. Brittle Mode : Maximum erosion at high impingement angles.
- 11. Effect of Particle Shape, Hardness,Size and Flux Rates on Erosive Wear Rate Particle Shape : Harder particles can cause higher wear rates than soft particles Hardness : Even with significant hardness of particle, but relatively blunt, it is unlikely to cause severe erosive wear. Size : A series of erosion tests on glass, steel, graphite and ceramics revealed that as particle size was increased from 8.75 μm to 127 μm in diameter, the mode of erosion changed from ductile to brittle. Flux rate : The particle flux rate is the mass of impacting material per unit area and time is another controlling parameter of erosive wear rates. The erosive wear rate is proportional to the flux rate up to a certain limiting value of wear.
- 12. References https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/materials-science/erosive- wear https://www.nitsri.ac.in/Department/Mechanical%20Engineering/M EC_603_Unit_II_Wear_and_Types_of_Wear.pdf https://material-properties.org/what-is-erosion-wear-definition/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eWFZlvlypuE
- 13. Thank You!