Functions of skin regulation of body temperature

Functionsof skinregulationof body
Temperature
Murugavel.R, MSc Nursing,
Associate professor.
Murugavel.R.MSc Nursing, Associate
professor.
1

Introduction
• Anatomy of the skin
 Epidermis
 Dermis
 Color of the skin
• Pigmentation of the skin
• Hemoglobin in the blood
 Glands of the skin
 Sebaceous gland
 Sweat gland
professor.
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Function of the skin:
Protective function
 Protection from Bacteria and toxic substances
 Protection from mechanical blow
 Protection from ultraviolet rays
Sensory function (touch, pain, pressure, temp)
Storage function(fat, H2O, chloride, sugar)
Synthetic function (vit D3)
Regulation of body temperature
Regulation of water and electrolyte balance(sweat)
Excretory function (urea, salt, fatty substances)
Absorptive function(ointment, fat)
Secretory function(sweat & sebum)Murugavel.R.MSc Nursing, Associate
professor.
3

Maintaining body
temperature
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Introduction
• 2 types of organism:
 Homeothermic animals
Animals which maintain constant Body temp e.g birds
mammals. Also called warm blooded animals.
 Poikilothermic animals
Animals which doesn’t maintain constant body temp. e.g
Amphibians and reptiles. Also called cold blooded animals
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Body temperature
• Oral temp.
• Axilla temp.
• Rectum temp.
• Over the skin ( surface temp).
Normal body temp 37°C or 98.6°F
Varies between 35.8 37.3C or 98.4 - 99.1.
Temp varies in site e.g axilla, rectum, oral
Core temp is the average temp of structures
present in deeper part if the body. Normal Core
temp 37.8°C or 100°F
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Variation of body temperature
 Physiological variations
 Age
 Sex
 Diurnal variation(early morning 1°C less)
 After meals (0.5°C)
 Exercise
 Sleep
 Emotion
 menstrual cycle.
 Pathological variation.
Hyperthermia, fever, hypothermia
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Heat balance
Heat gain or heat production in the body
Metabolic activity
Muscular activity
Role of hormones
Radiation of heat from the environment
shivering
Heat loss from the body
 Conduction
 Radiation
 Convection
 Evaporation – insensible perspiration
 panting
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Metabolic activity
• Metabolism of food stuff produce heat
• About 9 calories of heat is produced during
metabolism of fat, when 1 L of O2 is utilized.
• For CHO 4.7 calories
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Muscular activity
• Heat is produced in the muscle both at rest
and during activity
• 80% of heat is produced by musculoskeletal
activity.
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Role of hormones
• Thyroxine and adrenaline increase the heat by
accelerating the metabolic activity.
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Radiation of heat from the environment
• Body gain heat by radiation. Especially when
environment temp increases.
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shivering
• It means rapid involuntary contraction or
twitching of the muscle during exposure to
cold.
• It is a compensatory mechanism in the body,
during which enormous heat is produce.
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Heat loss of the body
• Maximum heat is lost from the body through skin and
small amount through respiration, kidney, and GI.
• When environment temp is less the heat is lost from
the body.
• Lost through
 Conduction (by surface)
 Radiation(by means of transfer heat by infrared
electromagnetic radiation)
 Convection ( conducted to the surrounding air)
 Evaporation (evaporate through skin lung).
 Panting ( rapid shallow breathing with dribbling of saliva)
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Regulation of body temp
• Body temp is regulated by hypothalamus which
has 2 centers
Heat loss center
Situated in preoptic nucleus of anterior hypothalamus .
neurons are heat sensitive nerve cells called thermoreceptors.
It stimulate cutaneous vasodilatation and sweating . Removal
or lesion of this nucleus increase the body temp.
Heat gain center;
Otherwise called as heat production center. Situated in
posterior hypothalamic nucleus. If it stimulated cause shivering.
Removal or lesion lead fall in body temp
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Mechanism of temperature regulation:
• When body temp ↑
• blood temp also↑,
• Blood stimulates thermoreceptor
• Now it brings the temp to normal by two
mechanisms.
Promotion of heat loss
i. Increasing the secretion of sweat
ii. Inhibiting the sympathetic center in posterior
hypothalamus. ( this cause cutaneous vasodilation, so
blood flow through skin causing excess sweating)
Prevention of heat production
By shivering and chemical reactionMurugavel.R.MSc Nursing, Associate
professor.
16

• When body temp ↑
• 2 mechanism activated to bring back to normal
temp
i. prevention of heat loss.
ii. Promotion of heat production.
• Prevention of heat loss;
When body temp decreases , the preoptic
thermoreceptors are not inhibited. This causes
cutaneous vasoconstriction.
The blood flow ↓, so heat loss is prevented.
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ii. Promotion of heat production:
 Shivering .
The primary motor center for shivering is situated in
posterior hypo thalamus near the wall of the III ventricle.
When body temp is low, it is activated by heat gain center
& shivering occurs.
 Increased metabolic reaction.
Sympathetic center is stimulated by heat gain center
This stimulates adrenaline & noradreline, these hormones
accelerating cellular metabolism activities & produce heat.
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• Hypothalamus secretes thyrotrophic releasing
hormone, it cause release of thyroid
stimulating hormone from pituitary gland, it in
turn increases release of thyroxine from
thyroid, that also increases metabolic
activities in the body & increase heat
production.
professor.
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Hypothalamus secretes thyrotrophic
releasing hormone
it release thyroid stimulating hormone
from pituitary gland
it increases release of thyroxine from
thyroid
increases metabolic activities in the
body
increase heat production.
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Functions of skin regulation of body temperature

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